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Subset selection analysis for the reduction of hyperspectral imagery

Subset selection analysis for the reduction of hyperspectral...

引用

IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and remote sensing (IGARSS)

作者： M. Velez-Reyes L.O. Jimenez Laboratory for Applied Remote Sensing and Image Processing Tropical Center for Earth and Space Studies Electrical and Computer Engineering Department University of Puerto Rico Mayagìez Mayaguez Puerto Rico

Presents the formulation of the dimension reduction problem using subset selection as a matrix approximation problem. A heuristic algorithm to solve this problem is presented. Numerical results using LANDSAT and AVIRIS images show that the selected bands are contained in a space that is almost aligned with the first few principal components.

关键词： image analysis Hyperspectral imaging Hyperspectral sensors Covariance matrix Random variables remote sensing Satellites Vectors Laboratories image processing

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Effects of spacecraft attitude on the NASA Scatterometer antenna calibration

Effects of spacecraft attitude on the NASA Scatterometer ant...

引用

IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and remote sensing (IGARSS)

作者： J. Zec W. Linwood Jones UCF Electrical and Computer Engineering Department Central Florida Remote Sensing Laboratory Orlando FL USA

Radar scatterometers are expected to become a main source of marine surface winds. Wind vector retrieval is based on the relation (geophysical model function) between the radar cross-section and wind induced surface roughness. Multiple antennas, pointed at different azimuth angles, are required to remove wind direction ambiguity inherent in a single cross-section wind vector observation. Scatterometer antennas must be well calibrated to ensure desired accuracy of the retrieved wind. Pre-launch calibration alone proved insufficient in the past so post-launch calibration and validation is planned for scatterometer missions. During cal/val activities for the NASA Scatterometer (NSCAT), a consistent difference was noted between calibration corrections calculated based on ascending vs. descending passes. This difference cannot be attributed to geophysical parameters and must be instrument related. In this paper, an attempt is made to attribute ascending/descending discrepancy to imperfect spacecraft attitude. Calibration is performed at multiple spacecraft attitude sets (roll, pitch, and yaw). The set producing the lowest difference between ascending and descending based corrections is the suggested attitude. After brief introduction to the NSCAT in the next section, calibration method using homogenous land targets is outlined.

关键词： Space vehicles NASA Radar measurements Spaceborne radar Calibration Radar cross section Rough surfaces Surface roughness Radar antennas Radar scattering

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Novel surface registration using the grid closest point (GCP) transform

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IEEE International Conference on image processing

作者： S.M. Yamany M.N. Ahmed E.E. Hemayed A.A. Farag Computer Vision and Image Processing Laboratory Electrical Engineering Department University of Louisville Louisville KY USA

ISBN: (纸本)0818688211

A novel approach has been developed for fast registration of two sets of 3-D curves or surfaces. The technique is an extension of Besl and Mackay's (1992) iterative closest point (ICP) algorithm. This technique solves the computational complexity associated with the ICP algorithm by applying a novel grid closest point (GCP) transform and a genetic algorithm to minimize the cost function. A detailed description of the algorithm is presented along with a comparison of its performance versus several registration techniques. Two applications are presented in this paper. In the first, the algorithm is used to register 2-D head contours extracted from CT/MRI data to correct for possible mis-alignment caused by motion artifacts during scanning. In the second, the algorithm is used to register 3-D segments of the human jaw obtained using the shape from shading technique. Registration using the GCP/GA technique is found to be significantly faster and of comparable accuracy than two popular techniques in the computer vision and medical imaging literature.

关键词： Iterative algorithms Iterative closest point algorithm Computational complexity Genetic algorithms Cost function Head Data mining Computed tomography Magnetic resonance imaging Registers

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Forward scatter polarimetric measurements of terrain at 35 and 225 GHz

Forward scatter polarimetric measurements of terrain at 35 a...

引用

IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and remote sensing (IGARSS)

作者： J.M. Baker J.B. Mead R.E. McIntosh Microwave Remote Sensing Laboratory Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering University of Massachusetts Amherst MA USA

This paper describes ground based measurements of the forward scatter characteristics for a variety of terrains. The radar system used to make these measurements is a truck-based system of two radars at 35 GHz and 225 GHz. The 35 GHz radar is a coherent polarimeter, while the 225 GHz polarimeter is a non-coherent system. The measurement configuration employed allows forward scatter measurements to be made with a monostatic radar system. In this configuration, the receiver and transmitter are co-located and a trihedral corner reflector is located opposite. This polarization-preserving reflector is used to reflect the transmitted pulse back to the receiver. Therefore, the current monostatic configuration of the radars does not need to be modified and alignment problems are reduced. This paper provides a summary of the radar systems, and operational principles of polarimetry as applied to this problem. Finally, the experiments in and around Amherst, Massachusetts are presented along with comparisons to scattering models.

关键词： Radar cross section Radar scattering Radar polarimetry Radar measurements Polarization Radar antennas Transmitters Interference Frequency Asphalt

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Vector set partitioning with classified successive refinement VQ for embedded wavelet image coding

Vector set partitioning with classified successive refinemen...

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IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (ISCAS)

作者： D. Mukherjee S.K. Mitra Image Processing Laboratory Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering University of California Santa Barbara CA USA

Set Partitioning in Hierarchical Trees (SPIHT), proposed by Said and Pearlman [1996], is generally regarded as a very efficient wavelet-based still image compression scheme. The algorithm uses an efficient, joint scanning and bit-allocation mechanism for quantizing the scalar wavelet coefficients, and produces a perfectly embedded bitstream. This work extends set partitioning to scan vectors of wavelet coefficients, and uses successive refinement VQ techniques such as multistage and tree-structured VQ, to quantize several wavelet coefficients at once. The new scheme is named VSPIHT (Vector SPIHT). Coding results are presented to demonstrate that the vector-based approach (without arithmetic coding) surpasses the scalar counterpart (also without arithmetic coding), in the mean-squared-error sense, for most images at low bitrates. The superiority of the vector-based approach is more pronounced for images that are generally regarded as difficult to code (such as Barbara) because of a large amount of detail.

关键词： image coding Wavelet coefficients Quantization Frequency Arithmetic Filters Decoding Bit rate image processing Laboratories

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A system for human jaw modeling using intra-oral images

A system for human jaw modeling using intra-oral images

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Annual International Conference of the IEEE engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC)

作者： S.M. Yamany A.A. Farag Computer Vision and Image Processing Laboratory Department of Electrical Engineering University of Louisville Louisville KY USA

A novel integrated system is developed to obtain a record of the patient's occlusion using computer vision. Data acquisition is obtained using intra-oral video camera. A modified Shape from Shading (SFS) technique using perspective projection and camera calibration is then used to extract accurate 3D information from a sequence of 2D images of the jaw. A novel technique for 3D data registration using Grid Closest Point (GCP) transform and genetic algorithms (GA) is used to register the output of the SFS stage. Triangulization is then performed, and a solid 3D model is obtained via a rapid prototype machine. The overall purpose of this research is to develop a model-based vision system for orthodontics that will replace traditional approaches and can be used in diagnosis, treatment planning, surgical simulation and implant purposes.

关键词： Humans Cameras computer vision Data acquisition Shape Calibration Data mining Genetic algorithms Solid modeling Prototypes

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Reversible wavelet and spectral transforms for lossless compression of color images

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IEEE International Conference on image processing

作者： N. Strobel S.K. Mitra B.S. Manjunath Signal and Image Processing Laboratory Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of California Santa Barbara CA USA

ISBN: (纸本)0818688211

A new lossless image compression method for progressive-resolution transmission of color images is proposed. It is based on spatial and spectral transforms. Reversible wavelet transforms are performed across the red, green, and blue color components first. Then adaptive spectral transforms are applied to the associated color subbands. Simulation results indicate that the proposed algorithm can achieve bit rates that are about 20% lower than results obtained with comparable lossless image compression techniques supporting progressive-resolution transmission.

关键词： Wavelet transforms image coding Color Decorrelation Signal resolution Propagation losses image storage Signal processing image processing Laboratories

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Comparison of neural network classifiers for NSCAT sea ice flag

Comparison of neural network classifiers for NSCAT sea ice f...

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IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and remote sensing (IGARSS)

作者： Jun-Dong Park W.L. Jones Central Florida Remote Sensing Laboratory Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Central Florida Orlando FL USA

The NASA Scatterometer (NSCAT) is designed to measure wind vectors over ice-free oceans. To prevent contamination of the wind measurements, by the presence of sea ice, algorithms based on neural network technology have been developed to classify ice-free ocean surfaces. Multi-layer perceptron (MLP), radial basis function (RBF) neural networks trained using normalized radar cross section measurements from Ku-band NSCAT Scatterometer are described and compared. Algorithm skill in locating the sea ice edge around Arctic and Antarctic regions is evaluated by comparisons with surface truth (SSMI and SAR images). Classification results show the usefulness of using neural network techniques in flagging ice-free cells in real time and independently of other sensors.

关键词： Neural networks Sea ice Sea measurements Pollution measurement Radar measurements Oceans Sea surface Ice surface NASA Contamination

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An improved NASA Scatterometer geophysical model function for tropical cyclones

An improved NASA Scatterometer geophysical model function fo...

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IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and remote sensing (IGARSS)

作者： W.L. Jones Jun-Dong Park W.J. Donnelly J.R. Carswell R.E. McIntosh J. Zec S. Yueh Central Florida Remote Sensing Laboratory Electrical and Computer Engineering Department University of Central Florida Orlando FL USA Microwave Remote Sensing Laboratory Electrical and Computer Engineering Department University of Massachusetts Amherst MA USA Jet Propulsion Laboratory Radar Science and Engineering Section Pasadena CA USA

The NASA Scatterometer (NSCAT) has been used to infer ocean surface wind vectors in tropical cyclones, but these measurements have generally under-estimated the high winds. This research provides an improved relationship, between the radar backscatter and the ocean surface wind vector, known as the geophysical model function (GMF). Satellite and airborne scatterometer backscatter measurements, obtained during tropical cyclones, are used to develop a neural network based GMF. NSCAT wind retrievals in a Pacific typhoon are presented that yield higher surface wind speeds for this GMF than produced using the current NSCAT GMF (NSCATI).

关键词： NASA Radar measurements Sea surface Oceans Tropical cyclones Geophysical measurements Sea measurements Backscatter Spaceborne radar Satellites

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Scatterometer resolution enhancement

Scatterometer resolution enhancement

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IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and remote sensing (IGARSS)

作者： D.S. Early D.G. Long Microwave Earth Remote Sensing (MERS) Laboratory Electrical and Computer Engineering Department Brigham Young University Provo UT USA

Scatterometers can be effective for large scale monitoring of the Earth's surface. However, their low resolution can limit the utility of the data. Thus, there is interest in resolution enhancement methods that can create high resolution imagery from scatterometer measurements. In this paper, a brief review of an iterative image reconstruction is presented, and the implications of this theory for enhanced resolution scatterometer imaging is presented. The result is that the multipass sample spacing is the single largest limiting factor in the reconstruction scheme, while the aperture function attenuation and noise level play secondary rolls in the limit of the enhanced resolution image reconstruction from scatterometer data.

关键词： Radar measurements image resolution image reconstruction Large-scale systems Monitoring Earth Surface reconstruction High-resolution imaging Apertures Attenuation

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