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Class-Imbalanced Semi-Supervised Learning for Large-Scale Point Cloud Semantic Segmentation Via Decoupling Optimization

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SSRN

SSRN 2023年

作者： Li, Mengtian Lin, Shaohui Wang, Zihan Shen, Yunhang Zhang, Baochang Ma, Lizhuang Visual Media Intelligent Processing Research Group Department of Film and Television Engineering Shanghai University Shanghai200072 China School of Computer Science and Technology East China Normal University Shanghai200062 China Key Laboratory of Advanced Theory and Application in Statistics and Data Science Ministry of Education China School of Automation Science and Electrical Engineering Beihang University Beijing100191 China Youtu Lab Tencent China

Semi-supervised learning (SSL), thanks to the significant reduction of data annotation costs, has been an active research topic for large-scale 3D scene understanding. However, the existing SSL-based methods suffer from severe training bias, mainly due to class imbalance and long-tail distributions of the point cloud data. As a result, they lead to a biased prediction for the tail class segmentation. In this paper, we introduce a new decoupling optimization framework, which disentangles feature representation learning and classifier in an alternative optimization manner to shift the bias decision boundary effectively. In particular, we first employ two-round pseudo-label generation to select unlabeled points across head-to-tail classes. We further introduce multi-class imbalanced focus loss to adaptively pay more attention to feature learning across head-to-tail classes. We fix the backbone parameters after feature learning and retrain the classifier using ground-truth points to update its parameters. Ex-✩Fully documented templates are available in the elsarticle package on CTAN. © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Semantic Segmentation

Active RIS-aided EH-NOMA Networks: A Deep Reinforcement Learning Approach

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arXiv 2023年

作者： Shi, Zhaoyuan Lu, Huabing Xie, Xianzhong Yang, Helin Huang, Chongwen Cai, Jun Ding, Zhiguo The Key Laboratory of Intelligent Perception and Computing of Anhui Province Anqing Normal University Anqing China The Key Laboratory of Intelligent Control and Optimization for Industrial Equipment Ministry of Education Dalian University of Technology Dalian116024 China Chongqing Key Lab of Computer networks and Communication Technology Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications Chongqing China The Department of Information and Communication Engineering School of Informatics Xiamen University Xiamen361005 China The College of Information Science and Electronic Engineering Zhejiang University Hangzhou310027 China Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Concordia University MontrealQCH3G 1M8 Canada The Department of Electrical Engineering Princeton University PrincetonNJ08544 United States The School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering The University of Manchester Manchester United Kingdom

An active reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS)-aided multi-user downlink communication system is investigated, where non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) is employed to improve spectral efficiency, and the active RIS is powered by energy harvesting (EH). The problem of joint control of the RIS’s amplification matrix and phase shift matrix is formulated to maximize the communication success ratio with considering the quality of service (QoS) requirements of users, dynamic communication state, and dynamic available energy of RIS. To tackle this non-convex problem, a cascaded deep learning algorithm namely long short-term memory-deep deterministic policy gradient (LSTM-DDPG) is designed. First, an advanced LSTM based algorithm is developed to predict users’ dynamic communication state. Then, based on the prediction results, a DDPG based algorithm is proposed to joint control the amplification matrix and phase shift matrix of the RIS. Finally, simulation results verify the accuracy of the prediction of the proposed LSTM algorithm, and demonstrate that the LSTM-DDPG algorithm has a significant advantage over other benchmark algorithms in terms of communication success ratio performance. Copyright © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Energy harvesting

Deep transform and metric learning networks

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arXiv 2021年

作者： Tang, Wen Chouzenoux, Emilie Pesquet, Jean-Christophe Krim, Hamid Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering North Carolina State University RaleighNC27606 United States Université Paris-Saclay Inria CentraleSupélec Center for Visual Computing Gif sur Yvette91190 France

Based on its great successes in inference and denosing tasks, Dictionary Learning (DL) and its related sparse optimization formulations have garnered a lot of research interest. While most solutions have focused on single layer dictionaries, the recently improved Deep DL methods have also fallen short on a number of issues. We hence propose a novel Deep DL approach where each DL layer can be formulated and solved as a combination of one linear layer and a Recurrent Neural Network, where the RNN is flexibly regraded as a layerassociated learned metric. Our proposed work unveils new insights between the Neural Networks and Deep DL, and provides a novel, efficient and competitive approach to jointly learn the deep transforms and metrics. Extensive experiments are carried out to demonstrate that the proposed method can not only outperform existing Deep DL, but also state-of-theart generic Convolutional Neural Networks. © 2021, CC BY.

关键词： Deep neural networks

Exploring the Capabilities of a Language Model-Only Approach for Depression Detection in Text Data

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Exploring the Capabilities of a Language Model-Only Approach...

IEEE EMBS International Conference on Information Technology Applications in Biomedicine (ITAB)

作者： Misha Sadeghi Bernhard Egger Reza Agahi Robert Richer Klara Capito Lydia Helene Rupp Lena Schindler-Gmelch Matthias Berking Bjoern M. Eskofier Department Artificial Intelligence in Biomedical Engineering Machine Learning and Data Analytics Lab Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen- Nürnberg (FAU) Erlangen Germany Department of Computer Science Chair of Visual Computing Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) Erlangen Germany Syenah GMBH Eschborn Germany Chair of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) Erlangen Germany

Depression is a prevalent and debilitating mental health condition that requires accurate and efficient detection for timely and effective treatment. In this study, we utilized the E-DAIC (Extended Distress Analysis Interview Corpus-Wizard-of-Oz) dataset, an extended version of the DAIC-WOZ dataset, which consists of semi-clinical interviews conducted by an animated virtual interviewer called Ellie, controlled by a human interviewer in another room. With 275 participants, the E-DAIC dataset represents a valuable resource for investigating depression detection methods. Our aim is to predict PHQ-8 scores through text analysis. Leveraging state-of-the-art speech processing, LLM-based text summarization, and a specialized depression detection module, we demonstrate the transformative potential of language data analysis in enhancing depression screening. By overcoming the limitations of manual feature extraction methods, our automated techniques provide a more efficient and effective means of evaluating depression. In our evaluation, we achieve robust accuracy on the development set of the E-DAIC dataset, with a Mean Absolute Error (MAE) of 3.65 in estimating PHQ-8 scores from recorded interviews. This remarkable performance highlights the efficacy of our approach in automatically predicting depression severity. Our research contributes to the growing evidence supporting the use of LLMs in mental health assessment, showcasing the role of innovative technologies in advancing patient care for depression.

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Deep Learning Methods for Calibrated Photometric Stereo and Beyond

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arXiv 2022年

作者： Ju, Yakun Lam, Kin-Man Xie, Wuyuan Zhou, Huiyu Dong, Junyu Shi, Boxin School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Nanyang Technological University Singapore The Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hong Kong The Research Institute for Future Media Computing Shenzhen University Shenzhen China The Department of Informatics University of Leicester Leicester United Kingdom The Faculty of Information Science and Engineering The Institute for Advanced Ocean Study Ocean University of China Qingdao China The National Key Laboratory for Multimedia Information Processing National Engineering Research Center of Visual Technology School of Computer Science Peking University Beijing China

Photometric stereo recovers the surface normals of an object from multiple images with varying shading cues, i.e., modeling the relationship between surface orientation and intensity at each pixel. Photometric stereo prevails in superior per-pixel resolution and fine reconstruction details. However, it is a complicated problem because of the non-linear relationship caused by non-Lambertian surface reflectance. Recently, various deep learning methods have shown a powerful ability in the context of photometric stereo against non-Lambertian surfaces. This paper provides a comprehensive review of existing deep learning-based calibrated photometric stereo methods utilizing orthographic cameras and directional light sources. We first analyze these methods from different perspectives, including input processing, supervision, and network architecture. We summarize the performance of deep learning photometric stereo models on the most widely-used benchmark data set. This demonstrates the advanced performance of deep learning-based photometric stereo methods. Finally, we give suggestions and propose future research trends based on the limitations of existing models. Copyright © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Light sources

Beamforming Design for the Performance Optimization of Intelligent Reflecting Surface Assisted Multicast MIMO Networks

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arXiv 2022年

作者： Zhang, Songling Yang, Zhaohui Chen, Mingzhe Liu, Danpu Wong, Kai-Kit Poor, H. Vincent The Beijing Laboratory of Advanced Information Network Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications Beijing100876 China The College of Information Science and Electronic Engineering Zhejiang University Hangzhou310027 China Hangzhou310007 China Zhejiang Lab. Hangzhou31121 China The Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Institute for Data Science and Computing University of Miami Coral GablesFL33146 United States The Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering University College London LondonWC1E 6BT United Kingdom The Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Princeton University PrincetonNJ08544 United States

In this paper, the problem of maximizing the sum of data rates of all users in an intelligent reflecting surface (IRS)-assisted millimeter wave multicast multiple-input multiple-output communication system is studied. In the considered model, one IRS is deployed to assist the communication from a multi-antenna base station (BS) to the multi-antenna users that are clustered into several groups. Our goal is to maximize the sum rate of all users by jointly optimizing the transmit beamforming matrices of the BS, the receive beamforming matrices of the users, and the phase shifts of the IRS. To solve this non-convex problem, we first use a block diagonalization method to represent the beamforming matrices of the BS and the users by the phase shifts of the IRS. Then, substituting the expressions of the beamforming matrices of the BS and the users, the original sum-rate maximization problem can be transformed into a problem that only needs to optimize the phase shifts of the IRS. To solve the transformed problem, a manifold method is used. Simulation results show that the proposed scheme can achieve up to 28.6% gain in terms of the sum rate of all users compared to the algorithm that optimizes the hybrid beamforming matrices of the BS and the users using our proposed scheme and randomly determines the phase shifts of the IRS. Copyright © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Multicasting

Large language models for diabetes training:a prospective study

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Science Bulletin 2025年第6期70卷 934-942页

作者： Haoxuan Li Zehua Jiang Zhouyu Guan Yuqian Bao Yuexing Liu Tingting Hu Jiajia Li Ruhan Liu Liang Wu Di Cheng Hongwei Ji Yong Wang Ya-Xing Wang Carol Y.Cheung Yingfeng Zheng Jihong Wang Zhen Li Weibing Wu Cynthia Ciwei Lim Yong Mong Bee Hong Chang Tan Elif I.Ekinci David C.Klonoff Justin B.Echouffo-Tcheugui Nestoras Mathioudakis Leonor Corsino Rafael Simó Charumathi Sabanayagam Gavin Siew Wei Tan Ching-Yu Cheng Tien Yin Wong Huating Li Chun Cai Lijuan Mao Lee-Ling Lim Yih-Chung Tham Bin Sheng Weiping Jia Shanghai University of Sport Shanghai 200438China School of Clinical Medicine Beijing Tsinghua Changgung HospitalTsinghua MedicineTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China Beijing Visual Science and Translational Eye Research Institute(BERI) Tsinghua MedicineTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China Shanghai Belt and Road International Joint Laboratory of Intelligent Prevention and Treatment for Metabolic Diseases Department of Computer Science and EngineeringSchool of ElectronicInformationand Electrical EngineeringShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityDepartment of Endocrinology and MetabolismShanghai Sixth People’s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai Diabetes InstituteShanghai Clinical Center for DiabetesShanghai 200240China MoE Key Lab of Artificial Intelligence Artificial Intelligence InstituteShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China Department of Cardiology the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao UniversityQingdao 266011China CEMS NCMISHCMSMADISAcademy of Mathematics and Systems ScienceChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China School of Mathematics University of Chinese Academy of SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China Key Laboratory of Systems Health Science of Zhejiang Province School of Life ScienceHangzhou Institute for Advanced StudyUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesHangzhou 310024China Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology Beijing Tongren HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijing Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Key LaboratoryBeijing 100730China k.Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences The Chinese University of Hong KongHong Kong 999077China State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology Zhongshan Ophthalmic CenterSun Yat-sen UniversityGuangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual ScienceGuangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Ocular DiseasesGuangzhou 510060China Department of Renal Medicine Singapore General HospitalSingHealth-Duke Academic Medical CentreSingapore169

Diabetes poses a considerable global health challenge,with varying levels of diabetes knowledge among healthcare professionals,highlighting the importance of diabetes *** Language Models(LLMs)provide new insights into diabetes training,but their performance in diabetes-related queries remains uncertain,especially outside the English language like *** first evaluated the performance of ten LLMs:ChatGPT-3.5,ChatGPT-4.0,Google Bard,LlaMA-7B,LlaMA2-7B,Baidu ERNIE Bot,Ali Tongyi Qianwen,MedGPT,HuatuoGPT,and Chinese LlaMA2-7B on diabetes-related queries,based on the Chinese National Certificate Examination for Primary Diabetes Care in China(NCE-CPDC)and the English Specialty Certificate Examination in Endocrinology and Diabetes of Membership of the Royal College of Physicians of the United ***,we assessed the training of primary care physicians(PCPs)without and with the assistance of ChatGPT-4.0 in the NCE-CPDC examination to ascertain the reliability of LLMs as medical *** found that ChatGPT-4.0 outperformed other LLMs in the English examination,achieving a passing accuracy of 62.50%,which was significantly higher than that of Google Bard,LlaMA-7B,and *** the NCE-CPFC examination,ChatGPT-4.0,Ali Tongyi Qianwen,Baidu ERNIE Bot,Google Bard,MedGPT,and ChatGPT-3.5 successfully passed,whereas LlaMA2-7B,HuatuoGPT,Chinese LLaMA2-7B,and LlaMA-7B ***-4.0(84.82%)surpassed all PCPs and assisted most PCPs in the NCE-CPDC examination(improving by 1%–6.13%).In summary,LLMs demonstrated outstanding competence for diabetes-related questions in both the Chinese and English language,and hold great potential to assist future diabetes training for physicians globally.

关键词： Diabetes Diabetestraining Largelanguagemodels Primarydiabetescare Prospectivestudy

Deep Learning Assisted Multiuser MIMO Load Modulated Systems for Enhanced Downlink mmWave Communications

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arXiv 2023年

作者： Yu, Ercong Zhu, Jinle Li, Qiang Liu, Zilong Chen, Hongyang Shamai, Shlomo Poor, H. Vincent The Yangtze Delta Region Institute University of Electronic Science and Technology of China Huzhou313098 China Chengdu611731 China The School of Computer Science and Electronics Engineering University of Essex United Kingdom The Research Center for Graph Computing Zhejiang Lab Hangzhou311100 China The Technion-Israel Institute of Technology Haifa320003 Israel The Department of Electrical Engineering Princeton University PrincetonNJ08544 United States

This paper is focused on multiuser load modulation arrays (MU-LMAs) which are attractive due to their low system complexity and reduced cost for millimeter wave (mmWave) multi-input multi-output (MIMO) systems. The existing precoding algorithm for downlink MU-LMA relies on a sub-array structured (SAS) transmitter which may suffer from decreased degrees of freedom and complex system configuration. Furthermore, a conventional LMA codebook with codewords uniformly distributed on a hypersphere may not be channel-adaptive and may lead to increased signal detection complexity. In this paper, we conceive an MU-LMA system employing a full-array structured (FAS) transmitter and propose two algorithms accordingly. The proposed FAS-based system addresses the SAS structural problems and can support larger numbers of users. For LMA-imposed constant-power downlink precoding, we propose an FAS-based normalized block diagonalization (FAS-NBD) algorithm. However, the forced normalization may result in performance degradation. This degradation, together with the aforementioned codebook design problems, is difficult to solve analytically. This motivates us to propose a Deep Learning-enhanced (FAS-DL-NBD) algorithm for adaptive codebook design and codebook-independent decoding. It is shown that the proposed algorithms are robust to imperfect knowledge of channel state information and yield excellent error performance. Moreover, the FAS-DL-NBD algorithm enables signal detection with low complexity as the number of bits per codeword increases. Copyright © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： MIMO systems

Sufficient Conditions for Robust Safety in Differential Inclusions Using Barrier Functions

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arXiv 2022年

作者： Maghenem, Mohamed Ghanbarpour, Masoumeh Saoud, Adnane Université Grenoble Alpes CNRS Grenoble-INP GIPSA-lab GrenobleF-38000 France Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of California Santa Cruz United States CentraleSupelec University ParisSaclay France UM6P College of Computing Benguerir Morocco

This paper considers robust-safety notions for differential inclusions. A general framework is proposed to certify the considered notions in terms of barrier functions. While most existing literature studied only what we designate by uniform robust safety, in this paper, we make a clear distinction between uniform and non-uniform robust-safety. For both cases, we establish sufficient (infinitesimal) conditions on the nominal (unperturbed) system. That is, our conditions involve only the barrier function and the system’s right-hand side. Our results allow for unbounded safety regions as well as non-smooth barrier functions. Throughout the paper, examples are provided to illustrate our results. Copyright © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Differential equations