检索结果-内蒙古大学图书馆

arXiv 2020年

作者： Tian, Chunwei Zhuge, Ruibin Wu, Zhihao Xu, Yong Zuo, Wangmeng Chen, Chen Lin, Chia-Wen Bio-Computing Research Center Harbin Institute of Technology Shenzhen ShenzhenGuangdong518055 China Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Visual Object Detection and Recognition ShenzhenGuangdong518055 China Peng Cheng Laboratory ShenzhenGuangdong518055 China School of Computer Science and Technology Harbin Institute of Technology HarbinHeilongjiang150001 China Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of North Carolina CharlotteNC28223 United States Department of Electrical Engineering Institute of Communications Engineering National Tsing Hua University Hsinchu Taiwan

Deep convolutional neural networks (CNNs) with strong expressive ability have achieved impressive performances on single image super-resolution (SISR). However, their excessive amounts of convolutions and parameters usually consume high computational cost and more memory storage for training a SR model, which limits their applications to SR with resource-constrained devices in real world. To resolve these problems, we propose a lightweight enhanced SR CNN (LESRCNN) with three successive sub-blocks, an information extraction and enhancement block (IEEB), a reconstruction block (RB) and an information refinement block (IRB). Specifically, the IEEB extracts hierarchical low-resolution (LR) features and aggregates the obtained features step-by-step to increase the memory ability of the shallow layers on deep layers for SISR. To remove redundant information obtained, a heterogeneous architecture is adopted in the IEEB. After that, the RB converts low-frequency features into high-frequency features by fusing global and local features, which is complementary with the IEEB in tackling the long-term dependency problem. Finally, the IRB uses coarse high-frequency features from the RB to learn more accurate SR features and construct a SR image. The proposed LESRCNN can obtain a high-quality image by a model for different scales. Extensive experiments demonstrate that the proposed LESRCNN outperforms state-of-the-arts on SISR in terms of qualitative and quantitative evaluation. The code of LESRCNN is accessible on https://***/hellloxiaotian/LESRCNN. Copyright © 2020, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Convolutional neural networks

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ADAM CHALLENGE: DETECTING AGE-RELATED MACULAR DEGENERATION FROM FUNDUS IMAGES

arXiv

引用

arXiv 2022年

作者： Fang, Huihui Li, Fei Fu, Huazhu Sun, Xu Cao, Xingxing Lin, Fengbin Son, Jaemin Kim, Sunho Quellec, Gwenole Matta, Sarah Shankaranarayana, Sharath M. Chen, Yi-Ting Wang, Chuen-Heng Shah, Nisarg A. Lee, Chia-Yen Hsu, Chih-Chung Xie, Hai Lei, Baiying Baid, Ujjwal Innani, Shubham Dang, Kang Shi, Wenxiu Kamble, Ravi Singhal, Nitin Wang, Ching-Wei Lo, Shih-Chang Orlando, José Ignacio Bogunović, Hrvoje Zhang, Xiulan Xu, Yanwu The ADAM Challenge State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center Sun Yat-Sen University Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science Guangzhou China Intelligent Healthcare Unit Baidu Inc. Beijing China The Institute of High Performance Computing Agency for Science Technology and Research Singapore CONICET Yatiris lab of Pladema Institute Tandil Argentina Department of Ophthalmology and Optometry Medical University of Vienna Vienna Austria VUNO Inc Seoul Korea Republic of Inserm UMR 1101 BrestF-29200 France Univ Bretagne Occidentale BrestF-29200 France Zasti India Pvt. Ltd. India Graphen.Inc Muen Biomedical and Optoelectronics Technologies Inc Taiwan Department of Electrical Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Rajasthan Jodhpur India Department of Electrical Engineering National United University Taiwan Institute of Data Science Department of Statistics National Cheng Kung University Taiwan Shenzhen University Shenzhen China SGGS Institute of Engineering and Technology Nanded India Suzhou Tisu Information Technology Co. Ltd China AIRA Matrix Mumbai India Graduate Institute of Biomedical Engineering National Taiwan University of Science and Technology Taiwan

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the leading cause of visual impairment among elderly in the world. Early detection of AMD is of great importance, as the vision loss caused by this disease is irreversible and permanent. Color fundus photography is the most cost-effective imaging modality to screen for retinal disorders. Cutting edge deep learning based algorithms have been recently developed for automatically detecting AMD from fundus images. However, there are still lack of a comprehensive annotated dataset and standard evaluation benchmarks. To deal with this issue, we set up the Automatic Detection challenge on Age-related Macular degeneration (ADAM), which was held as a satellite event of the ISBI 2020 conference. The ADAM challenge consisted of four tasks which cover the main aspects of detecting and characterizing AMD from fundus images, including detection of AMD, detection and segmentation of optic disc, localization of fovea, and detection and segmentation of lesions. As part of the ADAM challenge, we have released a comprehensive dataset of 1200 fundus images with AMD diagnostic labels, pixel-wise segmentation masks for both optic disc and AMD-related lesions (drusen, exudates, hemorrhages and scars, among others), as well as the coordinates corresponding to the location of the macular fovea. A uniform evaluation framework has been built to make a fair comparison of different models using this dataset. During the ADAM challenge, 610 results were submitted for online evaluation, with 11 teams finally participating in the onsite challenge. This paper introduces the challenge, the dataset and the evaluation methods, as well as summarizes the participating methods and analyzes their results for each task. In particular, we observed that the ensembling strategy and the incorporation of clinical domain knowledge were the key to improve the performance of the deep learning models. © 2022, CC BY-NC-ND.

关键词： Cost effectiveness

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REFUGE2 CHALLENGE: A TREASURE TROVE FOR MULTI-DIMENSION ANALYSIS AND EVALUATION IN GLAUCOMA SCREENING

arXiv

引用

arXiv 2022年

作者： Fang, Huihui Li, Fei Wu, Junde Fu, Huazhu Sun, Xu Son, Jaemin Yu, Shuang Zhang, Menglu Yuan, Chenglang Bian, Cheng Lei, Baiying Zhao, Benjian Xu, Xinxing Li, Shaohua Fumero, Francisco Sigut, José Almubarak, Haidar Bazi, Yakoub Guo, Yuanhao Zhou, Yating Baid, Ujjwal Innani, Shubham Guo, Tianjiao Yang, Jie Orlando, José Ignacio Bogunović, Hrvoje Zhang, Xiulan Xu, Yanwu The REFUGE2 Challenge Australia State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center Sun Yat-Sen University Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science Guangzhou China Intelligent Healthcare Unit Baidu Inc. Beijing China The Institute of High Performance Computing Agency for Science Technology and Research Singapore Yatiris Group PLADEMA Institute CONICET UNICEN Tandil Argentina Christian Doppler Lab for Artificial Intelligence in Retina Department of Ophthalmology and Optometry Medical University of Vienna Vienna Austria VUNO Inc Seoul Korea Republic of Tencent HealthCare Tencent Shenzhen China Computer Vision Institute College of Computer Science and Software Engineering of Shenzhen University Shenzhen China School of Biomedical Engineering Health Science Center Shenzhen University China Xiaohe Healthcare ByteDance Guangdong Guangzhou510000 China School of Biomedical Engineering Shenzhen University China College of Computer Science & Software Engineering Shenzhen University China Department of Computer Science and Systems Engineering Universidad de La Laguna Spain Saudi Electronic University Saudi Arabia King Saud University Saudi Arabia Institute of Automation Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China SGGS Institute of Engineering and Technology India Institute of Medical Robotics Shanghai Jiao Tong University China Institute of Image Processing and Pattern Recognition Shanghai Jiao Tong University China

With the rapid development of artificial intelligence (AI) in medical image processing, deep learning in color fundus photography (CFP) analysis is also evolving. Although there are some open-source, labeled datasets of CFPs in the ophthalmology community, large-scale datasets for screening only have labels of disease categories, and datasets with annotations of fundus structures are usually small in size. In addition, labeling standards are not uniform across datasets, and there is no clear information on the acquisition device. Here we release a multi-annotation, multi-quality, and multi-device color fundus image dataset for glaucoma analysis on an original challenge-Retinal Fundus Glaucoma Challenge 2nd Edition (REFUGE2). The REFUGE2 dataset contains 2000 color fundus images with annotations of glaucoma classification, optic disc/cup segmentation, as well as fovea localization. Meanwhile, the REFUGE2 challenge sets three sub-tasks of automatic glaucoma diagnosis and fundus structure analysis and provides an online evaluation framework. Based on the characteristics of multi-device and multi-quality data, some methods with strong generalizations are provided in the challenge to make the predictions more robust. This shows that REFUGE2 brings attention to the characteristics of real-world multi-domain data, bridging the gap between scientific research and clinical application. © 2022, CC BY-NC-ND.

关键词： Color

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Explainable AI: Definition and attributes of a good explanation for health AI

arXiv

引用

arXiv 2024年

作者： Kyrimi, Evangelia McLachlan, Scott Wohlgemut, Jared M. Perkins, Zane B. Lagnado, David A. Marsh, William Gimson, Alexander Shafti, Ali Ercole, Ari Banerjee, Amitava Glocker, Ben Schafer, Burkhard Gatsonis, Constantine Grosan, Crina Sent, Danielle Berman, David S. Glass, David O'Regan, Declan P. Letsios, Dimitrios Morrissey, Dylan Pisirir, Erhan Leofante, Francesco Soyel, Hamit Williamson, Jon Grieman, Keri Dube, Kudakwashe Mardsen, Max Nagendran, Myura Tai, Nigel Kostopoulou, Olga Jones, Owain Curzon, Paul Stoner, Rebecca S. Tandle, Sankalp Joshi, Shalmali Mossadegh, Somayyeh Buijsman, Stefan Miller, Tim Madai, Vince Istvan School of Electronic Engineering and Computer Science Queen Mary University of London London United Kingdom School of Nursing Midwifery and Palliative Care King's College London London United Kingdom Centre for Trauma Sciences Blizard Institute Queen Mary University of London London United Kingdom Royal London Hospital Barts Health NHS Trust London United Kingdom Department of Experiment Psychology University College London London United Kingdom Cambridge Liver Unit Addenbrooke's Hospital Cambridge University Hospitals Hills Road Box 210 Cambridge United Kingdom University of Cambridge United Kingdom Cambridge Consultants Ltd. United Kingdom Division of Anaesthesia Cambridge Centre for AI in Medicine University of Cambridge Cambridge United Kingdom Magdelene College University of Cambridge United Kingdom Institute of Health Informatics University College London London United Kingdom Department of Computing Imperial College London London United Kingdom SCRIPT Centre for IT and IP Law School of Law University of Edinburgh United Kingdom Center for Statistical Sciences School of Public Health Brown University Providence United States Research Group Artificial Intelligence HU University of Applied Sciences Utrecht Netherlands Jheronimus Academy of Data Science Tilburg University Eindhoven University of Technology s-Hertogenbosch Netherlands Centre for Theoretical Physics Queen Mary University of London London United Kingdom School of Computing Ulster University Belfast United Kingdom MRC Laboratory of Medical Sciences Imperial College London London United Kingdom Department of Informatics King's College London United Kingdom Physiotherapy Department Barts Health NHS Trust London United Kingdom Sport and Exercise Medicine Queen Mary University of London London United Kingdom School of Electronic Engineering and Computer Science Queen Mary University of London United Kingdom Department of Computing Imperial College London United Kingdom Departmen

Proposals of artificial intelligence (AI) solutions based on increasingly complex and accurate predictive models are becoming ubiquitous across many disciplines. As the complexity of these models grows, transparency and users' understanding often diminish. This suggests that accurate prediction alone is insufficient for making an AI-based solution truly useful. In the development of healthcare systems, this introduces new issues related to accountability and safety. Understanding how and why an AI system makes a recommendation may require complex explanations of its inner workings and reasoning processes. Although research on explainable AI (XAI) has significantly increased in recent years and there is high demand for XAI in medicine, defining what constitutes a good explanation remains ad hoc, and providing adequate explanations continues to be challenging. To fully realize the potential of AI, it is critical to address two fundamental questions about explanations for safety-critical AI applications, such as health-AI: (1) What is an explanation in health-AI? and (2) What are the attributes of a good explanation in health-AI? In this study, we examined published literature and gathered expert opinions through a two-round Delphi study. The research outputs include (1) a definition of what constitutes an explanation in health-AI and (2) a comprehensive list of attributes that characterize a good explanation in health-AI. © 2024, CC BY.

关键词：

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Distributed Machine Learning for Resilient Operation of Electric Systems

Distributed Machine Learning for Resilient Operation of Elec...

引用

International Conference on Smart Energy Systems and Technologies (SEST)

作者： M. Hadi Amini Ahmed Imteaj Javad Mohammadi School of Computing and Information Sciences Florida International University Miami FL USA Sustainability Optimization and Learning for InterDependent networks laboratory (solid lab) FIU Miami FL USA Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Carnegie Mellon University Pittsburgh PA USA

ISBN: (数字)9781728147017

ISBN: (纸本)9781728147024

Power system resilience is crucial to ensure secure energy delivery to electricity consumers. Power system outages lead to economical and societal burdens for the society and industries. To mitigate the socio-economical impacts of a power outage, we need to develop efficient algorithms to ensure resilient operation of the power system. In this paper, we first explain the notion of data-driven resilience. Then, we present a pathway of leveraging edge intelligence to improve resilience. To this end, we propose a novel distributed machine learning paradigm. Our proposed structure relies on local Resilience Management Systems (RMS) that serve as intelligent decision-making entities in each area, e.g. an autonomous micro-grid or a smart home can act as RMS. The RMS agents, which are available in different areas, can share their local data (i.e., a microgrid's operational data) with their neighboring RMS to coordinate their decisions in a distributed fashion. This will provide two major advantages: 1) distributed intelligence replaces centralized decision-making leading to robust decision-making and enhanced resilience; 2) since local data are locally shared among all entities within an RMS, if one of the RMS agents fails to communicate with the rest of network, we still can maintain a feasible solution (which is not necessarily optimal). Finally, we presents different scenarios in the simulation results section that showcases the system performance for two buildings under various outage scenarios.

关键词： Resilience Power system reliability Decision making Optimization Load management Collaborative work

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Multivariate trace estimation in constant quantum depth

arXiv

引用

arXiv 2022年

作者： Quek, Yihui Kaur, Eneet Wilde, Mark M. Department of Mathematics Massachusetts Institute of Technology CambridgeMA02139 United States Dahlem Center for Complex Quantum Systems Freie Universität Berlin Berlin14195 Germany Information Systems Laboratory Stanford University Palo AltoCA94305 United States Cisco Quantum Lab Los Angeles United States Institute for Quantum Computing Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Waterloo WaterlooONN2L 3G1 Canada School of Electrical and Computer Engineering Cornell University IthacaNY14850 United States Hearne Institute for Theoretical Physics Department of Physics and Astronomy Center for Computation and Technology Louisiana State University Baton RougeLA70803 United States

There is a folkloric belief that a depth-Θ(m) quantum circuit is needed to estimate the trace of the product of m density matrices (i.e., a multivariate trace), a subroutine crucial to applications in condensed matter and quantum information science. We prove that this belief is overly conservative by constructing a constant quantum-depth circuit for the task, inspired by the method of Shor error correction. Furthermore, our circuit demands only local gates in a two dimensional circuit – we show how to implement it in a highly parallelized way on an architecture similar to that of Google’s Sycamore processor. With these features, our algorithm brings the central task of multivariate trace estimation closer to the capabilities of near-term quantum processors. We instantiate the latter application with a theorem on estimating nonlinear functions of quantum states with "well-behaved" polynomial approximations. © 2022, CC BY-NC-SA.

关键词： Polynomial approximation

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Mitosis domain generalization in histopathology images - The MIDOG challenge

arXiv

引用

arXiv 2022年

作者： Aubreville, Marc Stathonikos, Nikolas Bertram, Christof A. Klopfleisch, Robert ter Hoeve, Natalie Ciompi, Francesco Wilm, Frauke Marzahl, Christian Donovan, Taryn A. Maier, Andreas Breen, Jack Ravikumar, Nishant Chung, Youjin Park, Jinah Nateghi, Ramin Pourakpour, Fattaneh Fick, Rutger H.J. Hadj, Saima Ben Jahanifar, Mostafa Rajpoot, Nasir Dexl, Jakob Wittenberg, Thomas Kondo, Satoshi Lafarge, Maxime W. Koelzer, Viktor H. Liang, Jingtang Wang, Yubo Long, Xi Liu, Jingxin Razavi, Salar Khademi, April Yang, Sen Wang, Xiyue Veta, Mitko Breininger, Katharina Technische Hochschule Ingolstadt Ingolstadt Germany Pathology Department UMC Utrecht Netherlands Institute of Pathology University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna Austria Institute of Veterinary Pathology Freie Universität Berlin Berlin Germany Computational Pathology Group Radboud UMC Nijmegen Netherlands Pattern Recognition Lab Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg Germany Department of Anatomic Pathology Schwarzman Animal Medical Center New York United States CISTIB Center for Computational Imaging and Simulation Technologies in Biomedicine School of Computing University of Leeds United Kingdom Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology Daejeon Korea Republic of Electrical and Electronics Engineering Department Shiraz University of Technology Shiraz Iran Tehran Iran Tribun Health Paris France Tissue Image Analytics Centre Department of Computer Science University of Warwick United Kingdom Fraunhofer-Institute for Integrated Circuits IIS Erlangen Germany Muroran Institute of Technology Hokkaido Japan Department of Pathology and Molecular Pathology University Hospital University of Zurich Zurich Switzerland School of Life Science and Technology Xidian University Shannxi China Histo Pathology Diagnostic Center Shanghai China Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University Suzhou China Electrical Computer and Biomedical Engineering Ryerson University TorontoON Canada Tencent AI Lab Shenzhen518057 China College of Computer Science Sichuan University Chengdu610065 China Medical Image Analysis Group TU Eindhoven Netherlands Department of Artificial Intelligence in Biomedical Engineering Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg Germany

The density of mitotic figures within tumor tissue is known to be highly correlated with tumor proliferation and thus is an important marker in tumor grading. Recognition of mitotic figures by pathologists is known to be subject to a strong inter-rater bias, which limits the prognostic value. State-of-the-art deep learning methods can support the expert in this assessment but are known to strongly deteriorate when applied in a different clinical environment than was used for training. One decisive component in the underlying domain shift has been identified as the variability caused by using different whole slide scanners. The goal of the MICCAI MIDOG 2021 challenge has been to propose and evaluate methods that counter this domain shift and derive scanner-agnostic mitosis detection algorithms. The challenge used a training set of 200 cases, split across four scanning systems. As a test set, an additional 100 cases split across four scanning systems, including two previously unseen scanners, were given. The best approaches performed on an expert level, with the winning algorithm yielding an F1 score of 0.748 (CI95: 0.704-0.781). In this paper, we evaluate and compare the approaches that were submitted to the challenge and identify methodological factors contributing to better performance. Copyright © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Scanning

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Forensic Analysis of Synthetically Generated Western Blot Images

arXiv

引用

arXiv 2021年

作者： Mandelli, Sara Cozzolino, Davide Cannas, Edoardo Daniele Cardenuto, João Phillipe Moreira, Daniel Bestagini, Paolo Scheirer, Walter Rocha, Anderson Verdoliva, Luisa Tubaro, Stefano Delp, Edward J. The Dipartimento di Elettronica Informazione e Bioingegneria Politecnico di Milano Milan20133 Italy The Dipartimento di Ingegneria Elettrica e Tecnologie Dell'Informazione University Federico Ii of Naples Naples80125 Italy The Dipartimento di Ingegneria Industriale University Federico Ii of Naples Naples80125 Italy The Department of Computer Science and Engineering University of Notre Dame Notre DameIN46556 United States The Artificial Intelligence Lab RECOD.ai Institute of Computing University of Campinas Campinas13083-970 Brazil The School of Electrical and Computer Engineering Purdue University West LafayetteIN47907 United States

The widespread diffusion of synthetically generated content is a serious threat that needs urgent countermeasures. As a matter of fact, the generation of synthetic content is not restricted to multimedia data like videos, photographs or audio sequences, but covers a significantly vast area that can include biological images as well, such as western blot and microscopic images. In this paper, we focus on the detection of synthetically generated western blot images. These images are largely explored in the biomedical literature and it has been already shown they can be easily counterfeited with few hopes to spot manipulations by visual inspection or by using standard forensics detectors. To overcome the absence of publicly available data for this task, we create a new dataset comprising more than 14K original western blot images and 24K synthetic western blot images, generated using four different state-of-the-art generation methods. We investigate different strategies to detect synthetic western blots, exploring binary classification methods as well as one-class detectors. In both scenarios, we never exploit synthetic western blot images at training stage. The achieved results show that synthetically generated western blot images can be spot with good accuracy, even though the exploited detectors are not optimized over synthetic versions of these scientific images. We also test the robustness of the developed detectors against post-processing operations commonly performed on scientific images, showing that we can be robust to JPEG compression and that some generative models are easily recognizable, despite the application of editing might alter the artifacts they leave. Copyright © 2021, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Image compression

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Understanding metric-related pitfalls in image analysis validation

arXiv

引用

arXiv 2023年

作者： Reinke, Annika Tizabi, Minu D. Baumgartner, Michael Eisenmann, Matthias Heckmann-Nötzel, Doreen Kavur, A. Emre Rädsch, Tim Sudre, Carole H. Acion, Laura Antonelli, Michela Arbel, Tal Bakas, Spyridon Benis, Arriel Blaschko, Matthew B. Buettner, Florian Cardoso, M. Jorge Cheplygina, Veronika Chen, Jianxu Christodoulou, Evangelia Cimini, Beth A. Collins, Gary S. Farahani, Keyvan Ferrer, Luciana Galdran, Adrian van Ginneken, Bram Glocker, Ben Godau, Patrick Haase, Robert Hashimoto, Daniel A. Hoffman, Michael M. Huisman, Merel Isensee, Fabian Jannin, Pierre Kahn, Charles E. Kainmueller, Dagmar Kainz, Bernhard Karargyris, Alexandros Karthikesalingam, Alan Kenngott, Hannes Kleesiek, Jens Kofler, Florian Kooi, Thijs Kopp-Schneider, Annette Kozubek, Michal Kreshuk, Anna Kurc, Tahsin Landman, Bennett A. Litjens, Geert Madani, Amin Maier-Hein, Klaus Martel, Anne L. Mattson, Peter Meijering, Erik Menze, Bjoern Moons, Karel G.M. Müller, Henning Nichyporuk, Brennan Nickel, Felix Petersen, Jens Rafelski, Susanne M. Rajpoot, Nasir Reyes, Mauricio Riegler, Michael A. Rieke, Nicola Saez-Rodriguez, Julio Sánchez, Clara I. Shetty, Shravya Summers, Ronald M. Taha, Abdel A. Tiulpin, Aleksei Tsaftaris, Sotirios A. van Calster, Ben Varoquaux, Gaël Yaniv, Ziv R. Jäger, Paul F. Maier-Hein, Lena Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science Heidelberg University Heidelberg Germany Heidelberg Division of Intelligent Medical Systems Germany NCT Heidelberg A Partnership Between DKFZ University Medical Center Heidelberg Germany Heidelberg Division of Medical Image Computing Germany Heidelberg Division of Intelligent Medical Systems Germany MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing UCL Centre for Medical Image Computing Department of Computer Science University College London London United Kingdom School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Science King’s College London London United Kingdom Instituto de Cálculo CONICET – Universidad de Buenos Aires Buenos Aires Argentina Centre for Medical Image Computing University College London London United Kingdom McGill University Montreal Canada Division of Computational Pathology Dept of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine Indiana University School of Medicine IU Health Information and Translational Sciences Building Indianapolis United States University of Pennsylvania Richards Medical Research Laboratories FL7 PhiladelphiaPA United States Department of Digital Medical Technologies Holon Institute of Technology Holon Israel European Federation for Medical Informatics Le Mont-sur-Lausanne Switzerland Center for Processing Speech and Images Department of Electrical Engineering KU Leuven Leuven Belgium partner site Frankfurt/Mainz a partnership between DKFZ and UCT Frankfurt Marburg Germany Heidelberg Germany Goethe University Frankfurt Department of Medicine Germany Goethe University Frankfurt Department of Informatics Germany and Frankfurt Cancer Insititute Germany Department of Computer Science IT University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark Leibniz-Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften – ISAS – e.V. Dortmund Germany Imaging Platform Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard CambridgeMA United States Centre for Statistics in Medicine University of Oxford Oxford United Kingdom Center for Biomedical In

Validation metrics are key for tracking scientific progress and bridging the current chasm between artificial intelligence (AI) research and its translation into practice. However, increasing evidence shows that particularly in image analysis, metrics are often chosen inadequately. While taking into account the individual strengths, weaknesses, and limitations of validation metrics is a critical prerequisite to making educated choices, the relevant knowledge is currently scattered and poorly accessible to individual researchers. Based on a multi-stage Delphi process conducted by a multidisciplinary expert consortium as well as extensive community feedback, the present work provides the first reliable and comprehensive common point of access to information on pitfalls related to validation metrics in image analysis. While focused on biomedical image analysis, the addressed pitfalls generalize across application domains and are categorized according to a newly created, domain-agnostic taxonomy. The work serves to enhance global comprehension of a key topic in image analysis validation. © 2023, CC BY.

关键词： computer vision

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Learning data-adaptive non-parametric kernels

The Journal of Machine Learning Research

引用

The Journal of Machine Learning Research 2020年第1期21卷 8590-8628页

作者： Fanghui Liu Xiaolin Huang Chen Gong Jie Yang Li Li Department of Electrical Engineering ESAT-STADIUS KU Leuven Belgium Institute of Image Processing and Pattern Recognition Institute of Medical Robotics Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai China PCA Lab Key Laboratory of Intelligent Perception and Systems for High-Dimensional Information of Ministry of Education School of Computer Science and Engineering Nanjing University of Science and Technology China and Department of Computing Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hong Kong SAR China Department of Automation BNRist Tsinghua University China

In this paper, we propose a data-adaptive non-parametric kernel learning framework in margin based kernel methods. In model formulation, given an initial kernel matrix, a data-adaptive matrix with two constraints is imposed in an entry-wise scheme. Learning this data-adaptive matrix in a formulation-free strategy enlarges the margin between classes and thus improves the model flexibility. The introduced two constraints are imposed either exactly (on small data sets) or approximately (on large data sets) in our model, which provides a controllable trade-off between model flexibility and complexity with theoretical demonstration. In algorithm optimization, the objective function of our learning framework is proven to be gradient-Lipschitz continuous. Thereby, kernel and classifier/regressor learning can be efficiently optimized in a unified framework via Nesterov's acceleration. For the scalability issue, we study a decomposition-based approach to our model in the large sample case. The effectiveness of this approximation is illustrated by both empirical studies and theoretical guarantees. Experimental results on various classification and regression benchmark data sets demonstrate that our non-parametric kernel learning framework achieves good performance when compared with other representative kernel learning based algorithms.

关键词： support vector machines non-parametric kernel learning gradient-Lipschitz continuous

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