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arXiv 2023年

作者： Longo, Luca Brcic, Mario Cabitza, Federico Choi, Jaesik Confalonieri, Roberto Ser, Javier Del Guidotti, Riccardo Hayashi, Yoichi Herrera, Francisco Holzinger, Andreas Jiang, Richard Khosravi, Hassan Lecue, Freddy Malgieri, Gianclaudio Páez, Andrés Samek, Wojciech Schneider, Johannes Speith, Timo Stumpf, Simone The Artificial Intelligence and Cognitive Load Research Lab Technological University Dublin Ireland University of Zagreb Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computing Croatia University of Milano-Bicocca Milan Italy IRCCS Ospedale Galeazzi Sant’Ambrogio Milan Italy Kim Jaechul Graduate School of AI Korea Advanced Institute of Science & Technology Korea Republic of INEEJI Corporation Korea Republic of Department of Mathematics University of Padua Italy Derio Spain Bilbao Spain University of Pisa Pisa Italy Department of Computer Science Meiji University Tokyo Japan Department of Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence DaSCI Andalusian Institute in Data Science & Computational Intelligence University of Granada Granada Spain Human-Centered AI Lab University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna Austria School of Computing and Communications Lancaster University United Kingdom The University of Queensland Brisbane Australia Sophia Antipolis France eLaw Center for Law and Digital Technologies Leiden University Netherlands Department of Philosophy Universidad de los Andes Bogotá Colombia Center for Research & Formation in Artificial Intelligence Universidad de los Andes Bogotá Colombia Technical University of Berlin Berlin Germany Fraunhofer Heinrich Hertz Institute Berlin Germany Berlin Germany Department of Information Systems and Computer Science University of Liechtenstein Liechtenstein Liechtenstein Department of Philosophy University of Bayreuth Bayreuth Germany Center for Perspicuous Computing Saarland University Saarbrücken Germany School of Computing Science University of Glasgow United Kingdom

As systems based on opaque Artificial Intelligence (AI) continue to flourish in diverse real-world applications, understanding these black box models has become paramount. In response, Explainable AI (XAI) has emerged as a field of research with practical and ethical benefits across various domains. This paper not only highlights the advancements in XAI and its application in real-world scenarios but also addresses the ongoing challenges within XAI, emphasizing the need for broader perspectives and collaborative efforts. We bring together experts from diverse fields to identify open problems, striving to synchronize research agendas and accelerate XAI in practical applications. By fostering collaborative discussion and interdisciplinary cooperation, we aim to propel XAI forward, contributing to its continued success. Our goal is to put forward a comprehensive proposal for advancing XAI. To achieve this goal, we present a manifesto of 27 open problems categorized into nine categories. These challenges encapsulate the complexities and nuances of XAI and offer a road map for future research. For each problem, we provide promising research directions in the hope of harnessing the collective intelligence of interested stakeholders. © 2023, CC BY-SA.

关键词： Ethical technology

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Randomized Compiling for Scalable Quantum computing on a Noisy Superconducting Quantum Processor

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Physical Review X 2021年第4期11卷 041039-041039页

作者： Akel Hashim Ravi K. Naik Alexis Morvan Jean-Loup Ville Bradley Mitchell John Mark Kreikebaum Marc Davis Ethan Smith Costin Iancu Kevin P. O’Brien Ian Hincks Joel J. Wallman Joseph Emerson Irfan Siddiqi Quantum Nanoelectronics Laboratory Department of Physics University of California at Berkeley Berkeley California 94720 USA Graduate Group in Applied Science and Technology University of California at Berkeley Berkeley California 94720 USA Computational Research Division Lawrence Berkeley National Lab Berkeley California 94720 USA Materials Sciences Division Lawrence Berkeley National Lab Berkeley California 94720 USA Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge Massachusetts 02142 USA Quantum Benchmark Inc. Kitchener Ontario N2H 5G5 Canada Keysight Technologies Canada Kanata Ontario K2K 2W5 Canada Institute for Quantum Computing and Department of Applied Mathematics University of Waterloo Waterloo Ontario N2L 3G1 Canada

The successful implementation of algorithms on quantum processors relies on the accurate control of quantum bits (qubits) to perform logic gate operations. In this era of noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) computing, systematic miscalibrations, drift, and crosstalk in the control of qubits can lead to a coherent form of error that has no classical analog. Coherent errors severely limit the performance of quantum algorithms in an unpredictable manner, and mitigating their impact is necessary for realizing reliable quantum computations. Moreover, the average error rates measured by randomized benchmarking and related protocols are not sensitive to the full impact of coherent errors and therefore do not reliably predict the global performance of quantum algorithms, leaving us unprepared to validate the accuracy of future large-scale quantum computations. Randomized compiling is a protocol designed to overcome these performance limitations by converting coherent errors into stochastic noise, dramatically reducing unpredictable errors in quantum algorithms and enabling accurate predictions of algorithmic performance from error rates measured via cycle benchmarking. In this work, we demonstrate significant performance gains under randomized compiling for the four-qubit quantum Fourier transform algorithm and for random circuits of variable depth on a superconducting quantum processor. Additionally, we accurately predict algorithm performance using experimentally measured error rates. Our results demonstrate that randomized compiling can be utilized to leverage and predict the capabilities of modern-day noisy quantum processors, paving the way forward for scalable quantum computing.

关键词： Quantum algorithms Quantum benchmarking Quantum control Quantum information with solid state qubits

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Leveraging randomized compiling for the quantum imaginary-time-evolution algorithm

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Physical Review Research 2022年第3期4卷 033140-033140页

作者： Jean-Loup Ville Alexis Morvan Akel Hashim Ravi K. Naik Marie Lu Bradley Mitchell John-Mark Kreikebaum Kevin P. O'Brien Joel J. Wallman Ian Hincks Joseph Emerson Ethan Smith Ed Younis Costin Iancu David I. Santiago Irfan Siddiqi Quantum Nanoelectronics Laboratory Dept. of Physics University of California at Berkeley Berkeley California 94720 USA Computational Research Division Lawrence Berkeley National Lab Berkeley California 94720 USA Materials Sciences Division Lawrence Berkeley National Lab Berkeley California 94720 USA Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge Massachusetts 02139 USA Inst. for Quantum Computing and Dept. of Applied Mathematics University of Waterloo Waterloo Ontario Canada N2L 3G1 Quantum Benchmark Inc. Kitchener Ontario Canada N2H 5G5

Recent progress in noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) hardware shows that quantum devices may be able to tackle complex problems even without error correction. However, coherent errors due to the increased complexity of these devices is an outstanding issue. They can accumulate through a circuit, making their impact on algorithms hard to predict and mitigate. Iterative algorithms like quantum imaginary time evolution are susceptible to these errors. This article presents the combination of both noise tailoring using randomized compiling and error mitigation with purification. We also show that cycle benchmarking gives an estimate of the reliability of the purification. We apply this method to the quantum imaginary time evolution of a transverse field Ising model and report an energy estimation error and a ground-state infidelity both below 1%. Our methodology is general and can be used for other algorithms and platforms. We show how combining noise tailoring and error mitigation will push forward the performance of NISQ devices.

关键词： Measurement-based quantum computing Quantum algorithms Quantum benchmarking Quantum computation Quantum control Quantum information processing Quantum simulation

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Time Delay Estimation with Fixed-time SMC Scheme for Nonlinear Dynamics

Time Delay Estimation with Fixed-time SMC Scheme for Nonline...

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International Conference on Control, Automation and Diagnosis (ICCAD)

作者： Saim Ahmed Ahmad Taher Azar Arezki Fekik Haoping Wang Chakib Ben Njima College of Computer and Information Sciences Prince Sultan University Riyadh Saudi Arabia Automated Systems and Soft Computing Lab (ASSCL) Prince Sultan University Riyadh Saudi Arabia Faculty of Computers and Artificial Intelligence Benha University Benha Egypt Department of Electrical Engineering University Akli Mohand Oulhadj-Bouria Rue Drissi Yahia Bouira Algeria CNRS LS2N UMR 6004 Nantes Université École Centrale Nantes Nantes France School of Automation Nanjing University of Science and Technology China University of Sousse Tunisia

ISBN: (数字)9798350361025

ISBN: (纸本)9798350361032

Time delay estimation using fixed-time terminal sliding mode control (TDEFxSMC) for unknown nonlinear systems with uncertainty and external disturbances is presented in this study. Firstly, the notion of fixed-time terminal sliding mode control (FxSMC) is outlined and thoroughly examined. Using the FxSMC scheme, nonsingular fixed-time control, non-chatter control inputs, and high performance tracking positions have been achieved. To estimate the unknown dynamics, proposed method incorporates a TDE scheme. The Lyapunov theorem is applied to find whether the proposed system can achieve its stability in a fixed-time. The effectiveness of the suggested method is evaluated and demonstrated by presenting the results of the proposed method implemented to the nonlinear robot dynamics.

关键词： Uncertainty Automation Delay effects Estimation 2-DOF Stability analysis Nonlinear dynamical systems

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Overview of the Tenth Dialog System Technology Challenge: DSTC10

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IEEE/ACM Transactions on Audio Speech and Language Processing 2024年 32卷 765-778页

作者： Yoshino, Koichiro Chen, Yun-Nung Crook, Paul Kottur, Satwik Li, Jinchao Hedayatnia, Behnam Moon, Seungwhan Fei, Zhengcong Li, Zekang Zhang, Jinchao Feng, Yang Zhou, Jie Kim, Seokhwan Liu, Yang Jin, Di Papangelis, Alexandros Gopalakrishnan, Karthik Hakkani-Tur, Dilek Damavandi, Babak Geramifard, Alborz Hori, Chiori Shah, Ankit Zhang, Chen Li, Haizhou Sedoc, Joao D'haro, Luis F. Banchs, Rafael Rudnicky, Alexander Guardian Robot Project R-IH RIKEN 2-2-2 Hikaridai Seika Shoraku619-0288 Japan Information Science Nara Institute of Science and Technology Ikoma630-0101 Japan Computer Science and Information Engineering National Taiwan University Taipei10617 Taiwan Inc. Palo AltoCA95054 United States Alexa AI *** Inc. SunnyvaleCA94089 United States Meta Seattle RedmondWA98052 United States Institute of Computing Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100190 China Key Laboratory of Intelligent Information Processing Institute of Computing Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100190 China Tencent AI Lab Beijing Beijing China Kexueyuan South Road Zhongguancun Beijing100190 China Beijing 100190 China Alexa AI *** Inc. SunnyvaleCA United States 1120 Enterprise way Sunnyvale94089 United States *** Inc. SeattleWA United States Menlo Park CA United States Audio and Speech Group Mitsubishi Electric Research Laboratories CambridgeMA02139-1955 United States Carnegie Mellon University Department of Language and Information Technologies or just Carnegie Mellon University Pittsburgh United States National University of Singapore Singapore Singapore Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering National University of Singapore Singapore Singapore Shenzhen Research Institute of Big Data School of Data Science Chinese University of Hong Kong Shenzhen518172 China New York University New YorkNY United States ETSI de Telecomunicacion - Speech Technology and Machine Learning Group Universidad Politecnica de Madrid Ciudad Universitaria Madrid28040 Spain Nanyang Technological University Singapore Singapore Carnegie Mellon University PittsburghPA United States

This article introduces the Tenth Dialog System Technology Challenge (DSTC-10). This edition of the DSTC focuses on applying end-to-end dialog technologies for five distinct tasks in dialog systems, namely 1. Incorporation of Meme images into open domain dialogs, 2. Knowledge-grounded Task-oriented Dialogue Modeling on Spoken Conversations, 3. Situated Interactive Multimodal dialogs, 4. Reasoning for Audio visual Scene-Aware Dialog, and 5. Automatic Evaluation and Moderation of Open-domainDialogue Systems. This article describes the task definition, provided datasets, baselines, and evaluation setup for each track. We also summarize the results of the submitted systems to highlight the general trends of the state-of-the-art technologies for the tasks. © 2023 The Authors.

关键词： Job analysis

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Persistent photogenerated state attained by femtosecond laser irradiation of thin Td-MoTe2

arXiv

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arXiv 2022年

作者： Cheng, Meixin Zhong, Shazhou Rivas, Nicolas Dekker, Tina Petruk, Ariel Alcides Gicala, Patrick Pichugin, Kostyantyn Chen, Fangchu Luo, Xuan Sun, Yuping Tsen, Adam W. Sciaini, Germán The Ultrafast Electron Imaging Lab Department of Chemistry Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology University of Waterloo WaterlooONN2L 3G1 Canada Institute for Quantum Computing Department of Physics and Astronomy Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Department of Chemistry University of Waterloo WaterlooONN2L 3G1 Canada Key Laboratory of Materials Physics Institute of Solid-State Physics HFIPS Chinese Academy of Sciences Hefei230031 China High Magnetic Field Laboratory Chinese Academy of Sciences HFIPS Hefei230031 China Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures Nanjing University Nanjing210093 China

Laser excitation has emerged as a means to expose hidden states of matter and promote phase transitions on demand. Such laser induced transformations are often rendered possible owing to the delivery of spatially and/or temporally manipulated light, carrying energy quanta well above the thermal background. Here, we report time-resolved broadband femtosecond (fs) transient absorption measurements on thin flakes of Weyl semimetal candidate Td-MoTe2 subjected to various levels and schemes of fs-photoexcitation. Our results reveal that impulsive fs-laser irradiation alters the interlayer behavior of the low temperature Td phase as evidenced by the persistent disappearance of its characteristic coherent 1A1≈ 13 cm–1 shear phonon mode. We found that this structural transformation withstands thermal annealing up to 500 K, although it can be reverted to the 1T’ phase by fs-laser treatment at room temperature. Our work opens the door to reversible optical control of topological properties. Copyright © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Transition metals

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Photoinduced Interlayer Dynamics in Td-MoTe2: A Broadband Pump-Probe Study

arXiv

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arXiv 2022年

作者： Cheng, Meixin Zhong, Shazhou Rivas, Nicolas Dekker, Tina Petruk, Ariel Alcides Gicala, Patrick Pichugin, Kostyantyn Chen, Fangchu Luo, Xuan Sun, Yuping Tsen, Adam W. Sciaini, Germán The Ultrafast electron Imaging Lab. Department of Chemistry Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology University of Waterloo WaterlooONN2L 3G1 Canada Institute for Quantum Computing Department of Physics and Astronomy Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Department of Chemistry University of Waterloo WaterlooONN2L 3G1 Canada Key Laboratory of Materials Physics Institute of Solid-State Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Hefei230031 China High Magnetic Field Laboratory Chinese Academy of Sciences Hefei230031 China Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures Nanjing University Nanjing210093 China

We report on time-resolved broadband transient reflectivity (tr-bb-TR) measurements performed on a bulk single crystal of Td-MoTe2 as a function of the incident pump fluence (F). Tr-bb-TR data unveil photoinduced electronic changes progressing on the sub-picosecond timescale as well as the dynamics of the coherent low-frequency 1A1 interlayer shear phonon. Our results indicate a gradual evolution of both the TR and the 1A1 Fourier intensity spectra as a function of F, ruling out the threshold-like change that has been associated with the ultrafast photoinduced Td ® 1T’ phase transition. We also observe a large redshift of the 1A1 Fourier spectral features, which suggests that large renormalization effects are taking place on interband transitions that are dielectrically susceptible to the 1A1 interlayer phonon displacement. Copyright © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Transition metals

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Generation and detection of coherent longitudinal acoustic waves in ultrathin 1T'-MoTe2

arXiv

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arXiv 2019年

作者： Rivas, Nicolas Zhong, Shazhou Dekker, Tina Cheng, Meixin Gicala, Patrick Chen, Fangchu Luo, Xuan Sun, Yuping Petruk, Ariel A. Pichugin, Kostyantyn Tsen, Adam W. Sciaini, Germán Ultrafast Electron Imaging Lab Department of Chemistry Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology University of Waterloo WaterlooONN2L3G1 Canada Institute for Quantum Computing Department of Physics and Astronomy Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Department of Chemistry University of Waterloo WaterlooONN2L3G1 Canada Key Laboratory of Materials Physics Institute of Solid-State Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Hefei230031 China University of Science and Technology of China Hefei230026 China High Magnetic Field Laboratory Chinese Academy of Sciences Hefei230031 Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures Nanjing University Nanjing210093 China

Layered transition metal dichalcogenides have attracted substantial attention owing to their versatile functionalities and compatibility with current nanofabrication technologies. Thus, noninvasive means to determine the mechanical properties of nanometer (nm) thick specimens are of increasing importance. Here, we report on the detection of coherent longitudinal acoustic phonon modes generated by impulsive femtosecond (fs) optical excitation. Broadband fs-transient absorption experiments in 1T-f-MoTe2 flakes as a function of thickness (7 nm . 30 nm) yield a longitudinal sound speed of vl = (2990± 90) m s-1. In addition, temperature dependent measurements unveil a linear decrease of the normalized Young-fs modulus El/El,295Kwith a slope of δ(***,%' ))/δT = (.2.0± 0.1) 10-3K-1and no noticeable change caused by the Td-1T-f structural phase transition or variations in film thickness. Copyright © 2019, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Elastic moduli

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Identification of Causal Relationship between Amyloid-β Accumulation and Alzheimer’s Disease Progression via Counterfactual Inference

arXiv

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arXiv 2023年

作者： Dai, Haixing Hu, Mengxuan Li, Qing Zhang, Lu Zhao, Lin Zhu, Dajiang Diez, Ibai Sepulcre, Jorge Zhang, Fan Gao, Xingyu Liu, Manhua Li, Quanzheng Li, Sheng Liu, Tianming Li, Xiang School of Computing University of Georgia AthensGA United States State Key Lab of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning Beijing Normal University Beijing100875 China School of Artificial Intelligence Beijing Normal University Beijing100875 China Department of Computer Science and Engineering The University of Texas at Arlington Arlington76019 United States Department of Radiology Massachusetts General Hospital Harvard Medical School Boston02114 United States Department of Radiology Brigham and Women’s Hospital Harvard Medical School Boston02115 United States School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai200240 China The MoE Key Lab of Artificial Intelligence AI Institute Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai200240 China School of Data Science The University of Virginia Charlottesville22903 United States

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder that is beginning with amyloidosis, followed by neuronal loss and deterioration in structure, function, and cognition. The accumulation of amyloid-β in the brain, measured through 18F-florbetapir (AV45) positron emission tomography (PET) imaging, has been widely used for early diagnosis of AD. However, the relationship between amyloid-β accumulation and AD pathophysiology remains unclear, and causal inference approaches are needed to uncover how amyloid-β levels can impact AD development. In this paper, we propose a graph varying coefficient neural network (GVCNet) for estimating the individual treatment effect with continuous treatment levels using a graph convolutional neural network. We highlight the potential of causal inference approaches, including GVCNet, for measuring the regional causal connections between amyloid-β accumulation and AD pathophysiology, which may serve as a robust tool for early diagnosis and tailored care. © 2023, CC BY.

关键词： Neurodegenerative diseases

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SYNAPSE: An international roadmap to large brain imaging

引用

Physics Reports 2023年第1期999卷 1-60页

作者： Stampfl, Anton P.J. Liu, Zhongdong Hu, Jun Sawada, Kei Takano, H. Kohmura, Yoshiki Ishikawa, Tetsuya Lim, Jae-Hong Je, Jung-Ho Low, Chian-Ming Teo, Alvin Tok, Eng Soon Tan, Tin Wee Ban, Kenneth Libedinsky, Camilo Tan, Francis Chee Kuan Chen, Kuan-Peng Yang, An-Cheng Chuang, Chao-Chun Chen, Nan-Yow Shih, Chi-Tin Lee, Ting-Kuo Yang, De-Nian Lai, Hsu-Chao Shuai, Hong-Han Cheng, Chang-Chieh Ching, Yu-Tai Li, Chia-Wei Charng, Ching-Che Lo, Chung-Chuan Chiang, Ann-Shyn Recur, Benoit Petibois, Cyril Cheng, Chia-Liang Chen, Hsiang-Hsin Yang, Shun-Min Hwu, Yeukuang Rojviriya, Catleya Rugmai, Supagorn Rujirawat, Saroj Margaritondo, Giorgio Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organization Lucas Heights 2234 NSW Australia Henan university of Technology Zhengzhou China Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics Chinese Academy of Science Shanghai China RIKEN SPring-8 Center Hyogo 679-5148 Japan Pohang Accelerator Laboratory Pohang University of Science and Technology Pohang Gyeongbuk 37673 South Korea Department of Materials Science and Engineering Pohang University of Science and Technology Gyeongbuk Pohang 37673 South Korea Department of Pharmacology Department of Anaesthesia and Healthy Longevity Research Programme Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine National University of Singapore Singapore School of Chemical and Life Sciences Nanyang Polytechnic Singapore eMaGIC-Lab Department of Physics National University of Singapore Singapore National Supercomputing Center Singapore Department of Psychology The N1 Institute for Health National University of Singapore Singapore Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology A*STAR Singapore Department of Anaesthesia National University Hospital National University Health System Singapore National Center for High-Performance Computing Hsinchu Taiwan Department of Physics Tunghai University Taichung Taiwan Department of Physics National Tsing Hua University Hsinchu Taiwan Institute of Information Science Academia Sinica Taipei Taiwan Department of Computer Science National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Hsinchu Taiwan Department of Electronics and Electrical Engineering National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Hsinchu Taiwan Information Technology Service Center National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Hsinchu Taiwan National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Hsinchu Taiwan Department of Life Science National Tsing Hua University Hsinchu Taiwan Institute of Systems Neuroscience and Brain Research Center National Tsing Hua University Hsinchu Taiwan Institute of Physics Academia Sinica Taipei Taiwan Department of Physics National Dong Hwa University

Since 2020, synchrotron radiation facilities in several Asia-Pacific countries have been collaborating in a major project called “SYNAPSE” (Synchrotrons for Neuroscience: an Asia-Pacific Scientific Enterprise). They use x-ray imaging to attack in a coordinated fashion one of the major issues in modern science: the structure of animal and human brains, including neurons and connections. The objective is to develop Google-like maps also including detailed structural and functional information for selected regions of interest. The sheer mass of data needed for the objective poses huge problems for the acquisition, processing, storage and use of images. In order to complete the task within a reasonable time, the key element of the SYNAPSE strategy is the parallel and coordinated work of several facilities on the same specimens. This article reviews different aspects of the enterprise, including the foundations of synchrotron radiation, coherence and of its role in advanced imaging, electron accelerators, x-ray optics and detectors. This will provide the foundation for an extensive presentation of the different components of SYNAPSE, with an overview of results already obtained within the consortium. © 2022

关键词： Brain mapping Phase contrast Radiology Supercomputing Synchrotron X-rays

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