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arXiv 2023年

作者： Lekadir, Karim Feragen, Aasa Fofanah, Abdul Joseph Frangi, Alejandro F. Buyx, Alena Emelie, Anais Lara, Andrea Porras, Antonio R. Chan, An-Wen Navarro, Arcadi Glocker, Ben Botwe, Benard O. Khanal, Bishesh Beger, Brigit Wu, Carol C. Cintas, Celia Langlotz, Curtis P. Rueckert, Daniel Mzurikwao, Deogratias Fotiadis, Dimitrios I. Zhussupov, Doszhan Ferrante, Enzo Meijering, Erik Weicken, Eva González, Fabio A. Asselbergs, Folkert W. Prior, Fred Krestin, Gabriel P. Collins, Gary S. Tegenaw, Geletaw S. Kaissis, Georgios Misuraca, Gianluca Tsakou, Gianna Dwivedi, Girish Kondylakis, Haridimos Jayakody, Harsha Woodruf, Henry C. Mayer, Horst Joachim Aerts, Hugo JWL Walsh, Ian Chouvarda, Ioanna Buvat, Irène Tributsch, Isabell Rekik, Islem Duncan, James Kalpathy-Cramer, Jayashree Zahir, Jihad Park, Jinah Mongan, John Gichoya, Judy W. Schnabel, Julia A. Kushibar, Kaisar Riklund, Katrine Mori, Kensaku Marias, Kostas Amugongo, Lameck M. Fromont, Lauren A. Maier-Hein, Lena Alberich, Leonor Cerdá Rittner, Leticia Phiri, Lighton Marrakchi-Kacem, Linda Donoso-Bach, Lluís Martí-Bonmatí, Luis Cardoso, M. Jorge Bobowicz, Maciej Shabani, Mahsa Tsiknakis, Manolis Zuluaga, Maria A. Bielikova, Maria Fritzsche, Marie-Christine Camacho, Marina Linguraru, Marius George Wenzel, Markus De Bruijne, Marleen Tolsgaard, Martin G. Ghassemi, Marzyeh Ashrafuzzaman, Md Goisauf, Melanie Yaqub, Mohammad Abadía, Mónica Cano Mahmoud, Mukhtar M.E. Elattar, Mustafa Rieke, Nicola Papanikolaou, Nikolaos Lazrak, Noussair Díaz, Oliver Salvado, Olivier Pujol, Oriol Sall, Ousmane Guevara, Pamela Gordebeke, Peter Lambin, Philippe Brown, Pieta Abolmaesumi, Purang Dou, Qi Lu, Qinghua Osuala, Richard Nakasi, Rose Zhou, S. Kevin Napel, Sandy Colantonio, Sara Albarqouni, Shadi Joshi, Smriti Carter, Stacy Klein, Stefan Petersen, Steffen E. Aussó, Susanna Awate, Suyash Raviv, Tammy Riklin Cook, Tessa Mutsvangwa, Tinashe E.M. Rogers, Wendy A. Niessen, Wiro J. Puig-Bosch, Xènia Zeng, Yi Mohammed, Yunusa G. Aquino, Yves Saint James Salahuddin, Zohaib Starmans, Martijn P.A. Department de Matemàtiques i Informàtica Universitat de Barcelona Barcelona Spain Barcelona Spain DTU Compute Technical University of Denmark Kgs Lyngby Denmark Department of Mathematics and Computer Science Faculty of Science and Technology Milton Margai Technical University Freetown Sierra Leone Center for Computational Imaging & Simulation Technologies in Biomedicine Schools of Computing and Medicine University of Leeds Leeds United Kingdom Cardiovascular Science and Electronic Engineering Departments KU Leuven Leuven Belgium Institute of History and Ethics in Medicine Technical University of Munich Munich Germany Faculty of Engineering of Systems Informatics and Sciences of Computing Galileo University Guatemala City Guatemala Department of Biostatistics and Informatics Colorado School of Public Health University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus AuroraCO United States Department of Medicine Women’s College Research Institute University of Toronto Toronto Canada Universitat Pompeu Fabra BarcelonaBeta Brain Research Center Barcelona Spain Department of Computing Imperial College London London United Kingdom School of Biomedical & Allied Health Sciences University of Ghana Accra Ghana Department of Midwifery & Radiography School of Health & Psychological Sciences City University of London United Kingdom Kathmandu Nepal European Heart Network Brussels Belgium Department of Thoracic Imaging University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center Houston United States IBM Research Africa Nairobi Kenya Departments of Radiology Medicine and Biomedical Data Science Stanford University School of Medicine Stanford United States Institute for AI and Informatics in Medicine Klinikum rechts der Isar Technical University Munich Munich Germany Department of Computing Imperial College London London United Kingdom Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences Dar es Salaam Tanzania United Republic of Ioannina Greece Almaty AI Lab Almaty Kazakhstan

Background: Despite major advances in artificial intelligence (AI) research for healthcare, the deployment and adoption of AI technologies remain limited in clinical practice. In recent years, concerns have been raised about the clinical, technical, ethical and legal risks associated with healthcare AI. To increase adoption in the real world, it is essential that AI technologies are trusted and accepted by patients, clinicians, health organisations and authorities. This paper describes the FUTURE-AI framework as the first international consensus guideline for trustworthy AI in healthcare. Methods: The FUTURE-AI consortium was founded in 2021 and now comprises 117 interdisciplinary experts from 50 countries representing all continents, including AI scientists, clinical researchers, biomedical ethicists, and social scientists. Over a two-year period, the consortium established guiding principles and best practices for trustworthy and deployable AI through an iterative process comprising an in-depth literature review, a modified Delphi survey, and online consensus meetings. Findings: The FUTURE-AI framework was established based on six guiding principles for trustworthy AI in healthcare, i.e. Fairness, Universality, Traceability, Usability, Robustness and Explainability. Through consensus, a set of 30 best practices were defined, addressing technical, clinical, socio-ethical and legal dimensions of trustworthy AI. The recommendations cover the entire lifecycle of healthcare AI, from design, development and validation to regulation, deployment, and monitoring. Interpretation: FUTURE-AI is a structured, risk-informed framework which provides guidance for constructing healthcare AI tools that will be trusted, deployed and adopted in real-world clinical practice. Researchers are encouraged to take the recommendations into account in proof-of-concept stages to facilitate future translation towards clinical practice of healthcare AI. Copyright © 2023, The Authors. All rights

关键词： Clinical research

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Corrigendum to “Biological Evaluation of the Effect of Galvanic Coupling Intrabody Communication on Human Skin Fibroblast Cells”

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Wireless Communications and Mobile computing 2018年第1期2018卷

作者： Shi Lin Yue-Ming Gao Juan Cai Željka Lučev Vasić Mang-I Vai Min Du Mario Cifrek Sio-Hang Pun College of Physics and Information Engineering Fuzhou University Fuzhou *** Key Lab of Medical Instrumentation & Pharmaceutical Technology of Fujian Province Fuzhou China Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computing University of Zagreb Zagreb Croatiaunizg.hr State Key Laboratory of Analog and Mixed-Signal VLSI University of Macau Macau Chinaumac.mo Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty of Science and Technology University of Macau Macau Chinaumac.mo Key Lab of Eco-Industrial Green Technology of Fujian Province Nanping China

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NTIRE 2023 Quality Assessment of Video Enhancement Challenge

arXiv

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arXiv 2023年

作者： Liu, Xiaohong Min, Xiongkuo Sun, Wei Zhang, Yulun Zhang, Kai Timofte, Radu Zhai, Guangtao Gao, Yixuan Cao, Yuqin Kou, Tengchuan Dong, Yunlong Jia, Ziheng Li, Yilin Wu, Wei Hu, Shuming Deng, Sibin Xiao, Pengxiang Chen, Ying Li, Kai Zhao, Kai Yuan, Kun Sun, Ming Cong, Heng Wang, Hao Fu, Lingzhi Zhang, Yusheng Zhang, Rongyu Shi, Hang Xu, Qihang Xiao, Longan Ma, Zhiliang Agarla, Mirko Celona, Luigi Rota, Claudio Schettini, Raimondo Huang, Zhiwei Li, Yanan Wang, Xiaotao Lei, Lei Liu, Hongye Hong, Wei Chuang, Ironhead Lin, Allen Guan, Drake Chen, Iris Lou, Kae Huang, Willy Tasi, Yachun Kao, Yvonne Fan, Haotian Kong, Fangyuan Zhou, Shiqi Liu, Hao Lai, Yu Chen, Shanshan Wang, Wenqi Wu, Haoning Chen, Chaofeng Zhu, Chunzheng Guo, Zekun Zhao, Shiling Yin, Haibing Wang, Hongkui Meftah, Hanene Brachemi Fezza, Sid Ahmed Hamidouche, Wassim Déforges, Olivier Shi, Tengfei Mansouri, Azadeh Motamednia, Hossein Bakhtiari, Amir Hossein Aznaveh, Ahmad Mahmoudi Shanghai Jiao Tong University China ETH Zürich Switzerland University of Würzburg Germany Department of Tao Technology Alibaba Group China Kuaishou Technology China Interactive Entertainment Group of Netease Inc Guangzhou China Transsion China Vrobotit Lab Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications China Hefei University of Technology China Department of Informatics Systems and Communication University of Milano - Bicocca Italy Xiaomi Inc. China China Ji Liang University China FreeTech China Advanced Research Center KKCompany Taiwan ByteDance China MGTV China Fuzhou University China Shopee Information Technology Co. Ltd. China S-Lab Nanyang Technological University Singapore Hunan University China Hangzhou Dianzi University China INSA Rennes CNRS IETR - UMR 6164 Rennes France National Higher School of Telecommunications and ICT Oran Algeria BUAA China Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty of Engineering Kharazmi University Tehran Iran High Performance Computing Laboratory School of Computer Science Institute for Research in Fundamental Sciences Tehran Iran Cyberspace Research Institute Shahid Beheshti University Tehran Iran

This paper reports on the NTIRE 2023 Quality Assessment of Video Enhancement Challenge, which will be held in conjunction with the New Trends in Image Restoration and Enhancement Workshop (NTIRE) at CVPR 2023. This challenge is to address a major challenge in the field of video processing, namely, video quality assessment (VQA) for enhanced videos. The challenge uses the VQA Dataset for Perceptual Video Enhancement (VDPVE), which has a total of 1211 enhanced videos, including 600 videos with color, brightness, and contrast enhancements, 310 videos with deblurring, and 301 deshaked videos. The challenge has a total of 167 registered participants. 61 participating teams submitted their prediction results during the development phase, with a total of 3168 submissions. A total of 176 submissions were submitted by 37 participating teams during the final testing phase. Finally, 19 participating teams submitted their models and fact sheets, and detailed the methods they used. Some methods have achieved better results than baseline methods, and the winning methods have demonstrated superior prediction performance. Copyright © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Image enhancement

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Resistive memory-based zero-shot liquid state machine for multimodal event data learning

arXiv

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arXiv 2023年

作者： Lin, Ning Wang, Shaocong Li, Yi Wang, Bo Shi, Shuhui He, Yangu Zhang, Woyu Yu, Yifei Zhang, Yue Zhang, Xinyuan Wong, Kwunhang Wang, Songqi Chen, Xiaoming Jiang, Hao Zhang, Xumeng Lin, Peng Xu, Xiaoxin Qi, Xiaojuan Wang, Zhongrui Shang, Dashan Liu, Qi Liu, Ming Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering the University of Hong Kong Hong Kong Key Lab of Fabrication Technologies for Integrated Circuits and Key Laoratory of Microelectronic Devices and Integrated Technology Institute of Microelectronics the Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100029 China The School of Microelectronics Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen518055 China ACCESS – AI Chip Center for Emerging Smart Systems InnoHK Centers Hong Kong Science Park Hong Kong University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100049 China Frontier Institute of Chip and System Fudan University Shanghai200433 China College of Computer Science and Technology Zhejiang University Hangzhou310027 China Institute of Computing Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100190 China

The human brain is a complex spiking neural network (SNN), capable of learning multimodal signals in a zero-shot manner by generalizing existing knowledge. Remarkably, it maintains minimal power consumption through event-based signal propagation. However, replicating the human brain in neuromorphic hardware presents both hardware and software challenges. Hardware limitations, such as the slowdown of Moore’s law and Von Neumann bottleneck, hinder the efficiency of digital computers. Additionally, SNNs are characterized by their software training complexities. To this end, we propose a hardware-software co-design on a 40 nm 256 Kb in-memory computing macro that physically integrates a fixed and random liquid state machine (LSM) SNN encoder with trainable artificial neural network (ANN) projections. We showcase the zero-shot LSM-based learning of multimodal events on the N-MNIST and N-TIDIGITS datasets, including visual and audio data association, as well as neural and visual data alignment for brain-machine interfaces. Our co-design achieves classification accuracy comparable to fully optimized software models, resulting in a 152.83 and 393.07-fold reduction in training costs compared to SOTA contrastive language-image pre-training (CLIP) and Prototypical networks, and a 23.34 and 160-fold improvement in energy efficiency compared to cutting-edge digital hardware, respectively. These proof-of-principle prototypes demonstrate zero-shot multimodal events learning capability for emerging efficient and compact neuromorphic hardware. © 2023, CC BY-NC-SA.

关键词： Image enhancement

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Metrics Reloaded: Recommendations for image analysis validation

arXiv

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arXiv 2022年

作者： Maier-Hein, Lena Reinke, Annika Godau, Patrick Tizabi, Minu D. Buettner, Florian Christodoulou, Evangelia Glocker, Ben Isensee, Fabian Kleesiek, Jens Kozubek, Michal Reyes, Mauricio Riegler, Michael A. Wiesenfarth, Manuel Emre Kavur, A. Sudre, Carole H. Baumgartner, Michael Eisenmann, Matthias Heckmann-Nötzel, Doreen Rädsch, Tim Acion, Laura Antonelli, Michela Arbel, Tal Bakas, Spyridon Benis, Arriel Blaschko, Matthew B. Jorge Cardoso, M. Cheplygina, Veronika Cimini, Beth A. Collins, Gary S. Farahani, Keyvan Ferrer, Luciana Galdran, Adrian Ginneken, Bram Van Haase, Robert Hashimoto, Daniel A. Hoffman, Michael M. Huisman, Merel Jannin, Pierre Kahn, Charles E. Kainmueller, Dagmar Kainz, Bernhard Karargyris, Alexandros Karthikesalingam, Alan Kenngott, Hannes Kofler, Florian Kopp-Schneider, Annette Kreshuk, Anna Kurc, Tahsin Landman, Bennett A. Litjens, Geert Madani, Amin Maier-Hein, Klaus Martel, Anne L. Mattson, Peter Meijering, Erik Menze, Bjoern Moons, Karel G.M. Müller, Henning Nichyporuk, Brennan Nickel, Felix Petersen, Jens Rajpoot, Nasir Rieke, Nicola Saez-Rodriguez, Julio Sánchez, Clara I. Shetty, Shravya Smeden, Maarten Van Summers, Ronald M. Taha, Abdel A. Tiulpin, Aleksei Tsaftaris, Sotirios A. Calster, Ben Van Varoquaux, Gaël Jäger, Paul F. Heidelberg Division of Intelligent Medical Systems and HI Helmholtz Imaging Germany Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science and Medical Faculty Heidelberg University Heidelberg Germany NCT Heidelberg a partnership between DKFZ University Medical Center Heidelberg Germany Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science Heidelberg University Heidelberg Germany Heidelberg Division of Intelligent Medical Systems Germany partner site Frankfurt/Mainz a partnership between DKFZ and UCT Frankfurt-Marburg Germany Heidelberg Goethe University Frankfurt Germany Department of Medicine Goethe University Frankfurt Germany Department of Informatics Frankfurt Cancer Insititute Germany Department of Computing Imperial College London London United Kingdom Heidelberg Division of Medical Image Computing and HI Applied Computer Vision Lab Germany Institute for AI in Medicine University Medicine Essen Essen Germany Centre for Biomedical Image Analysis Faculty of Informatics Masaryk University Brno Czech Republic ARTORG Center for Biomedical Engineering Research University of Bern Bern Switzerland Department of Radiation Oncology University Hospital Bern University of Bern Bern Switzerland Simula Metropolitan Center for Digital Engineering Oslo Norway UiT The Arctic University of Norway Romsø Norway Heidelberg Division of Biostatistics Germany Heidelberg Division of Intelligent Medical Systems Division of Medical Image Computing HI Applied Computer Vision Lab Germany MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing UCL Centre for Medical Image Computing Department of Computer Science University College London London United Kingdom School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Science King’s College London London United Kingdom Heidelberg Division of Medical Image Computing Germany Instituto de Cálculo CONICET – Universidad de Buenos Aires Buenos Aires Argentina Centre for Medical Image Computing University College London London United Kingdom McGill University Montréal

Increasing evidence shows that flaws in machine learning (ML) algorithm validation are an underestimated global problem. Particularly in automatic biomedical image analysis, chosen performance metrics often do not reflect the domain interest, thus failing to adequately measure scientific progress and hindering translation of ML techniques into practice. To overcome this, we created Metrics Reloaded, a comprehensive framework guiding researchers in the problem-aware selection of metrics. It was developed by a large international consortium in a multi-stage Delphi process and is based on the novel concept of a problem fingerprint – a structured representation of the given problem that captures all aspects that are relevant for metric selection, from the domain interest to the properties of the target structure(s), data set and algorithm output. Based on the problem fingerprint, users are guided through the process of choosing and applying appropriate validation metrics while being made aware of potential pitfalls. Metrics Reloaded targets image analysis problems that can be interpreted as a classification task at image, object or pixel level, namely image-level classification, object detection, semantic segmentation, and instance segmentation tasks. To improve the user experience, we implemented the framework in the Metrics Reloaded online tool. Following the convergence of ML methodology across application domains, Metrics Reloaded fosters the convergence of validation methodology. Its applicability is demonstrated for various biomedical use cases. © 2022, CC BY.

关键词： Semantic Segmentation

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The medical segmentation decathlon

arXiv

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arXiv 2021年

作者： Antonelli, Michela Reinke, Annika Bakas, Spyridon Farahani, Keyvan Kopp-Schneider, Annette Landman, Bennett A. Litjens, Geert Menze, Bjoern Ronneberger, Olaf Summers, Ronald M. van Ginneken, Bram Bilello, Michel Bilic, Patrick Christ, Patrick F. Do, Richard K.G. Gollub, Marc J. Heckers, Stephan H. Huisman, Henkjan Jarnagin, William R. McHugo, Maureen K. Napel, Sandy Golia Pernicka, Jennifer S. Rhode, Kawal Tobon-Gomez, Catalina Vorontsov, Eugene Hulsmon, Hankan Meakin, James A. Ourselin, Sebastien Wiesenfarth, Manuel Arbeláez, Pablo Bae, Byeonguk Chen, Sihong Daza, Laura Feng, Jianjiang He, Baochun Isensee, Fabian Ji, Yuanfeng Jia, Fucang Kim, Namkug Kim, Ildoo Merhof, Dorit Pai, Akshay Park, Beomhee Perslev, Mathias Rezaiifar, Ramin Rippel, Oliver Sarasua, Ignacio Shen, Wei Son, Jaemin Wachinger, Christian Wang, Liansheng Wang, Yan Xia, Yingda Xu, Daguang Xu, Zhanwei Zheng, Yefeng Simpson, Amber L. Maier-Hein, Lena Cardoso, M. Jorge School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences King’s College London London United Kingdom Heidelberg Germany Heidelberg Germany Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science University of Heidelberg Heidelberg Germany University of Pennsylvania PhiladelphiaPA United States BethesdaMD United States Heidelberg Germany Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Vanderbilt University NashvilleTN United States Radboud University Medical Center Radboud Institute for Health Sciences Nijmegen Netherlands Quantitative Biomedicine University of Zurich Zurich Switzerland DeepMind London United Kingdom School of Computing Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences Queen’s University KingstonON Canada Department of Surgery Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center New YorkNY United States BethesdaMD United States Department of Informatics Technische Universität München Germany Department of Radiology Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center New YorkNY United States Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences Vanderbilt University Medical Center NashvilleTN United States Department of Radiology Stanford University StanfordCA United States Department of Computer Science and Software Engineering École Polytechnique de Montréal Department of Radiology Perelman School of Medicine University of Pennsylvania PhiladelphiaPA United States Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Perelman School of Medicine University of Pennsylvania PhiladelphiaPA United States Medical Faculty University of Heidelberg Heidelberg Germany VUNO Inc. Seoul Korea Republic of Universidad de los Andes Colombia Department of Automation Tsinghua University Beijing China Heidelberg Germany Department of Computer Science Xiamen University Xiamen361005 China Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences Shenzhen China Kakao Brain Korea Republic of Institute of Imaging & Computer Vision RWTH Aachen University Aachen Germany Cere

International challenges have become the de facto standard for comparative assessment of image analysis algorithms given a specific task. Segmentation is so far the most widely investigated medical image processing task, but the various segmentation challenges have typically been organized in isolation, such that algorithm development was driven by the need to tackle a single specific clinical problem. We hypothesized that a method capable of performing well on multiple tasks will generalize well to a previously unseen task and potentially outperform a custom-designed solution. To investigate the hypothesis, we organized the Medical Segmentation Decathlon (MSD)—a biomedical image analysis challenge, in which algorithms compete in a multitude of both tasks and modalities. The underlying data set was designed to explore the axis of difficulties typically encountered when dealing with medical images, such as small data sets, unbalanced labels, multi-site data and small objects. The MSD challenge confirmed that algorithms with a consistent good performance on a set of tasks preserved their good average performance on a different set of previously unseen tasks. Moreover, by monitoring the MSD winner for two years, we found that this algorithm continued generalizing well to a wide range of other clinical problems, further confirming our hypothesis. Three main conclusions can be drawn from this study: (1) state-of-the-art image segmentation algorithms are mature, accurate, and generalize well when retrained on unseen tasks;(2) consistent algorithmic performance across multiple tasks is a strong surrogate of algorithmic generalizability;(3) the training of accurate AI segmentation models is now commoditized to non AI *** Codes 68T07. © 2021, CC BY-NC-SA.

关键词： Image segmentation

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Common Limitations of Image Processing Metrics: A Picture Story

arXiv

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arXiv 2021年

作者： Reinke, Annika Tizabi, Minu D. Sudre, Carole H. Eisenmann, Matthias Rädsch, Tim Baumgartner, Michael Acion, Laura Antonelli, Michela Arbel, Tal Bakas, Spyridon Bankhead, Peter Benis, Arriel Blaschko, Matthew Buettner, Florian Cardoso, M. Jorge Chen, Jianxu Cheplygina, Veronika Christodoulou, Evangelia Cimini, Beth A. Collins, Gary S. Engelhardt, Sandy Farahani, Keyvan Ferrer, Luciana Galdran, Adrian van Ginneken, Bram Glocker, Ben Godau, Patrick Haase, Robert Hamprecht, Fred Hashimoto, Daniel A. Heckmann-Nötzel, Doreen Hirsch, Peter Hoffman, Michael M. Huisman, Merel Isensee, Fabian Jannin, Pierre Kahn, Charles E. Kainmueller, Dagmar Kainz, Bernhard Karargyris, Alexandros Karthikesalingam, Alan Kavur, A. Emre Kenngott, Hannes Kleesiek, Jens Kleppe, Andreas Koehler, Sven Kofler, Florian Kopp-Schneider, Annette Kooi, Thijs Kozubek, Michal Kreshuk, Anna Kurc, Tahsin Landman, Bennett A. Litjens, Geert Madani, Amin Maier-Hein, Klaus Martel, Anne L. Mattson, Peter Meijering, Erik Menze, Bjoern Moher, David Moons, Karel G.M. Müller, Henning Nichyporuk, Brennan Nickel, Felix Noyan, M. Alican Petersen, Jens Polat, Gorkem Rafelski, Susanne M. Rajpoot, Nasir Reyes, Mauricio Rieke, Nicola Riegler, Michael A. Rivaz, Hassan Saez-Rodriguez, Julio Sánchez, Clara I. Schroeter, Julien Saha, Anindo Selver, M. Alper Sharan, Lalith Shetty, Shravya Smeden, Maarten V.A.N. Stieltjes, Bram Summers, Ronald M. Taha, Abdel A. Tiulpin, Aleksei Tsaftaris, Sotirios A. Calster, Ben V.A.N. Varoquaux, Gaël Wiesenfarth, Manuel Yaniv, Ziv R. Jäger, Paul Maier-Hein, Lena Division of Intelligent Medical Systems and HI Helmholtz Imaging Heidelberg Germany Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science Heidelberg University Heidelberg Germany Division of Intelligent Medical Systems Heidelberg Germany NCT Heidelberg DKFZ University Medical Center Heidelberg Germany MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing UCL Centre for Medical Image Computing Department of Computer Science University College London London United Kingdom School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Science King’s College London London United Kingdom Division of Medical Image Computing Heidelberg Germany Instituto de Cálculo CONICET – Universidad de Buenos Aires Buenos Aires Argentina Centre for Medical Image Computing University College London London United Kingdom McGill University Montréal Canada Division of Computational Pathology Dept of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine Indiana University School of Medicine IU Health Information and Translational Sciences Building Indianapolis United States University of Pennsylvania Richards Medical Research Laboratories FL7 PhiladelphiaPA United States Institute of Genetics and Cancer University of Edinburgh Edinburgh United Kingdom Department of Digital Medical Technologies Holon Institute of Technology Holon Israel European Federation for Medical Informatics Le Mont-sur-Lausanne Switzerland Center for Processing Speech and Images Department of Electrical Engineering KU Leuven Kasteelpark Arenberg 10 - box 2441 Leuven3001 Belgium Frankfurt/Mainz DKFZ UCT Frankfurt-Marburg Germany Heidelberg Germany Goethe University Frankfurt Department of Medicine Germany Goethe University Frankfurt Department of Informatics Germany Frankfurt Cancer Insititute Germany Leibniz-Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften – ISAS – e.V. Dortmund Germany Department of Computer Science IT University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark Imaging Platform Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard CambridgeMA United States Centre for St

While the importance of automatic image analysis is continuously increasing, recent meta-research revealed major flaws with respect to algorithm validation. Performance metrics are particularly key for meaningful, objective, and transparent performance assessment and validation of the used automatic algorithms, but relatively little attention has been given to the practical pitfalls when using specific metrics for a given image analysis task. These are typically related to (1) the disregard of inherent metric properties, such as the behaviour in the presence of class imbalance or small target structures, (2) the disregard of inherent data set properties, such as the non-independence of the test cases, and (3) the disregard of the actual biomedical domain interest that the metrics should reflect. This living dynamically document has the purpose to illustrate important limitations of performance metrics commonly applied in the field of image analysis. In this context, it focuses on biomedical image analysis problems that can be phrased as image-level classification, semantic segmentation, instance segmentation, or object detection task. The current version is based on a Delphi process on metrics conducted by an international consortium of image analysis experts from more than 60 institutions worldwide. © 2021, CC BY.

关键词： Medical imaging

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26th Annual Computational Neuroscience Meeting (CNS*2017): Part 3 Antwerp, Belgium. 15-20 July 2017 Abstracts

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BMC NEUROSCIENCE 2017年第SUPPL 1期18卷 95-176页

作者： [Anonymous] Department of Neuroscience Yale University New Haven CT 06520 USA Department Physiology & Pharmacology SUNY Downstate Brooklyn NY 11203 USA NYU School of Engineering 6 MetroTech Center Brooklyn NY 11201 USA Departament de Matemàtica Aplicada Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya Barcelona 08028 Spain Institut de Neurobiologie de la Méditerrannée (INMED) INSERM UMR901 Aix-Marseille Univ Marseille France Center of Neural Science New York University New York NY USA Aix-Marseille Univ INSERM INS Inst Neurosci Syst Marseille France Laboratoire de Physique Théorique et Modélisation CNRS UMR 8089 Université de Cergy-Pontoise 95300 Cergy-Pontoise Cedex France Department of Mathematics and Computer Science ENSAT Abdelmalek Essaadi’s University Tangier Morocco Laboratory of Natural Computation Department of Information and Electrical Engineering and Applied Mathematics University of Salerno 84084 Fisciano SA Italy Department of Medicine University of Salerno 84083 Lancusi SA Italy Dipartimento di Fisica Università degli Studi Aldo Moro Bari and INFN Sezione Di Bari Italy Data Analysis Department Ghent University Ghent Belgium Coma Science Group University of Liège Liège Belgium Cruces Hospital and Ikerbasque Research Center Bilbao Spain BIOtech Department of Industrial Engineering University of Trento and IRCS-PAT FBK 38010 Trento Italy Department of Data Analysis Ghent University Ghent 9000 Belgium The Wellcome Trust Centre for Neuroimaging University College London London WC1N 3BG UK Department of Electronic Engineering NED University of Engineering and Technology Karachi Pakistan Blue Brain Project École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne Lausanne Switzerland Departement of Mathematics Swansea University Swansea Wales UK Laboratory for Topology and Neuroscience at the Brain Mind Institute École polytechnique fédérale de Lausanne Lausanne Switzerland Institute of Mathematics University of Aberdeen Aberdeen Scotland UK Department of Integrativ

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How does the primate brain combine generative and discriminative computations in vision?

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Peters, Benjamin DiCarlo, James J. Gureckis, Todd Haefner, Ralf Isik, Leyla Tenenbaum, Joshua Konkle, Talia Naselaris, Thomas Stachenfeld, Kimberly Tavares, Zenna Tsao, Doris Yildirim, Ilker Kriegeskorte, Nikolaus Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute Columbia University United States School of Psychology & Neuroscience University of Glasgow United Kingdom Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences MIT United States McGovern Institute for Brain Research MIT United States NSF Center for Brains Minds and Machines MIT United States Quest for Intelligence Schwarzman College of Computing MIT United States Department of Psychology New York University United States Brain and Cognitive Sciences University of Rochester United States Center for Visual Science University of Rochester United States Department of Cognitive Science Johns Hopkins University United States Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory MIT United States Department of Psychology Harvard University United States Center for Brain Science Harvard University United States Kempner Institute for Natural and Artificial Intelligence Harvard University United States Department of Neuroscience University of Minnesota United States DeepMind United Kingdom Data Science Institute Columbia University United States Dept of Molecular & Cell Biology University of California Berkeley United States Howard Hughes Medical Institute United States Department of Psychology Yale University United States Department of Statistics and Data Science Yale University United States Department of Psychology Columbia University United States Department of Neuroscience Columbia University United States Department of Electrical Engineering Columbia University United States

Vision is widely understood as an inference problem. However, two contrasting conceptions of the inference process have each been influential in research on biological vision as well as the engineering of machine vision. The first emphasizes bottom-up signal flow, describing vision as a largely feedforward, discriminative inference process that filters and transforms the visual information to remove irrelevant variation and represent behaviorally relevant information in a format suitable for downstream functions of cognition and behavioral control. In this conception, vision is driven by the sensory data, and perception is direct because the processing proceeds from the data to the latent variables of interest. The notion of "inference" in this conception is that of the engineering literature on neural networks, where feedforward convolutional neural networks processing images are said to perform inference. The alternative conception is that of vision as an inference process in Helmholtz's sense, where the sensory evidence is evaluated in the context of a generative model of the causal processes that give rise to it. In this conception, vision inverts a generative model through an interrogation of the sensory evidence in a process often thought to involve top-down predictions of sensory data to evaluate the likelihood of alternative hypotheses. The authors include scientists rooted in roughly equal numbers in each of the conceptions and motivated to overcome what might be a false dichotomy between them and engage the other perspective in the realm of theory and experiment. The primate brain employs an unknown algorithm that may combine the advantages of both conceptions. We explain and clarify the terminology, review the key empirical evidence, and propose an empirical research program that transcends the dichotomy and sets the stage for revealing the mysterious hybrid algorithm of primate vision. © 2024, CC BY.

关键词： Feedforward neural networks

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Exploration of Differentiability in a Proton Computed Tomography Simulation Framework

arXiv

引用

arXiv 2022年

作者： Aehle, Max Alme, Johan Barnaföldi, Gergely Gábor Blühdorn, Johannes Bodova, Tea Borshchov, Vyacheslav van den Brink, Anthony Eikeland, Viljar Feofilov, Gregory Garth, Christoph Gauger, Nicolas R. Grøttvik, Ola Helstrup, Håvard Igolkin, Sergey Keidel, Ralf Kobdaj, Chinorat Kortus, Tobias Kusch, Lisa Leonhardt, Viktor Mehendale, Shruti Mulawade, Raju Ningappa Odland, Odd Harald O’Neill, George Papp, Gábor Peitzmann, Thomas Pettersen, Helge Egil Seime Piersimoni, Pierluigi Pochampalli, Rohit Protsenko, Maksym Rauch, Max Rehman, Attiq Ur Richter, Matthias Röhrich, Dieter Sagebaum, Max Santana, Joshua Schilling, Alexander Seco, Joao Songmoolnak, Arnon Sudár, Ákos Tambave, Ganesh Tymchuk, Ihor Ullaland, Kjetil Varga-Kofarago, Monika Volz, Lennart Wagner, Boris Wendzel, Steffen Wiebel, Alexander Xiao, RenZheng Yang, Shiming Zillien, Sebastian Chair for Scientific Computing University of Kaiserslautern-Landau Kaiserslautern67663 Germany Department of Physics and Technology University of Bergen Bergen5007 Norway Wigner Research Centre for Physics Budapest Hungary Kharkiv Ukraine Institute for Subatomic Physics Utrecht University/Nikhef Utrecht Netherlands St. Petersburg University St. Petersburg Russia Scientific Visualization Lab University of Kaiserslautern-Landau Kaiserslautern67663 Germany Department of Computer Science Electrical Engineering and Mathematical Sciences Western Norway University of Applied Sciences Bergen5020 Norway University of Applied Sciences Worms Worms Germany Institute of Science Suranaree University of Technology Nakhon Ratchasima Thailand Department of Oncology and Medical Physics Haukeland University Hospital Bergen5021 Norway Institute for Physics Eötvös Loránd University 1/A Pázmány P. Sétány BudapestH-1117 Hungary FSN Department ENEA Frascati Research Center Frascati00044 Italy Department of Physics University of Oslo Oslo0371 Norway Department of Biomedical Physics in Radiation Oncology DKFZ—German Cancer Research Center Heidelberg Germany Department of Physics and Astronomy Heidelberg University Heidelberg Germany Bhubaneswar India Biophysics GSI Helmholtz Center for Heavy Ion Research GmbH Darmstadt Germany Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering University College London London United Kingdom College of Mechanical & Power Engineering China Three Gorges University Yichang China

Objective. Algorithmic differentiation (AD) can be a useful technique to numerically optimize design and algorithmic parameters by, and quantify uncertainties in, computer simulations. However, the effectiveness of AD depends on how "well-linearizable" the software is. In this study, we assess how promising derivative information of a typical proton computed tomography (pCT) scan computer simulation is for the aforementioned applications. Approach. This study is mainly based on numerical experiments, in which we repeatedly evaluate three representative computational steps with perturbed input values. We support our observations with a review of the algorithmic steps and arithmetic operations performed by the software, using debugging techniques. Main results. The model-based iterative reconstruction (MBIR) subprocedure (at the end of the software pipeline) and the Monte Carlo (MC) simulation (at the beginning) were piecewise differentiable. Jumps in the MBIR function arose from the discrete computation of the set of voxels intersected by a proton path. Jumps in the MC function likely arose from changes in the control flow that affect the amount of consumed random numbers. The tracking algorithm solves an inherently non-differentiable problem. Significance. The MC and MBIR codes are ready for the integration of AD, and further research on surrogate models for the tracking subprocedure is necessary. Copyright © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Monte Carlo methods

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