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IEEE Transactions on Artificial Intelligence 2024年第7期5卷 3535-3550页

作者： Li, Yuenan Tian, Xin Zhu, Qiang Wu, Min University of Maryland College ParkMD20742 United States Tianjin University School of Electrical and Information Engineering Tianjin300072 China University of Maryland Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering College ParkMD20742 United States Meta Inc. Menlo ParkCA94025 United States University of Maryland Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Institute for Advanced Computer Studies College ParkMD20742 United States

This article presents a computational solution that enables continuous cardiac monitoring through cross-modality inference of electrocardiogram (ECG). While some smartwatches now allow users to obtain a 30-s ECG test by tapping a built-in bio-sensor, these short-term ECG tests often miss intermittent and asymptomatic abnormalities of cardiac functions. It is also infeasible to expect persistently active user participation for long-term continuous cardiac monitoring in order to capture these and other types of cardiac abnormalities. To alleviate the need for continuous user attention and active participation, we design a lightweight neural network that infers ECG from the photoplethysmogram (PPG) signal sensed at the skin surface by a wearable optical sensor. We also develop a diagnosis-oriented training strategy to enable the neural network to capture the pathological features of ECG, aiming to increase the utility of reconstructed ECG signals for screening cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). We also leverage model interpretation to obtain insights from data-driven models, for example, to reveal some associations between CVDs and ECG/PPG and to demonstrate how the neural network copes with motion artifacts in the ambulatory application. The experimental results on three datasets demonstrate the feasibility of inferring ECG from PPG, achieving a high fidelity of ECG reconstruction with only about 40 000 parameters. © 2020 IEEE.

关键词： Electrocardiograms

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Anisotropic leaky-like perturbation with subwavelength gratings enables zero crosstalk

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Light(Science & Applications) 2023年第6期12卷 1153-1161页

作者： Md Faiyaz Kabir Md Borhan Mia Ishtiaque Ahmed Nafiz Jaidye Syed Z.Ahmed Sangsik Kim Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Texas Tech UniversityLubbockTX 79409USA Department of Physics and Astronomy Texas Tech UniversityLubbockTX 79409USA School of Electrical Engineering Korea Advanced Institute of Science and TechnologyDaejeon 34141South Korea

Electromagnetic coupling via an evanescent field or radiative wave is a primary characteristic of light,allowing optical signal/power transfer in a photonic circuit but limiting integration density.A leaky mode,which combines both evanescent field and radiative wave,causes stronger coupling and is thus considered not ideal for dense *** we show that a leaky oscillation with anisotropic perturbation rather can achieve completely zero crosstalk realized by subwavelength grating(SWG)*** oscillating fields in the SWGs enable coupling coefficients in each direction to counteract each other,resulting in completely zero *** experimentally demonstrate such an extraordinarily low coupling between closely spaced identical leaky SWG waveguides,suppressing the crosstalk by≈40 dB compared to conventional strip waveguides,corresponding to≈100 times longer coupling *** leaky-SWG suppresses the crosstalk of transverse–magnetic(TM)mode,which is challenging due to its low confinement,and marks a novel approach in electromagnetic coupling applicable to other spectral regimes and generic devices.

关键词： crosstalk coupling enable

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Investigation of operation and degradation mechanisms in ZnTeSe blue quantum-dot light-emitting diodes by identifying recombination zone

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Nano Research 2024年第7期17卷 6527-6533页

作者： Oul Cho Sujin Park Hogeun Chang Jiwhan Kim Jaekwon Kim Sungwoo Kim Taehyung Kim Jeonghun Kwak Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Inter-university Semiconductor Research Centerand Soft Foundry InstituteSeoul National UniversitySeoul 08826Republic of Korea Material Research Center Samsung Advanced Institute of TechnologySuwonGyeonggi-do 16419Republic of Korea

ZnTeSe quantum dots(QDs),recognized as promising eco-friendly blue electroluminescent emitters,remain under-explored in light-emitting diode(LED)***,to elucidate the operation and degradation mechanisms of ZnTeSe blue QD-LEDs,stacked ZnTeSe QD layers with discernable luminescence are designed by varying Te doping concentrations,and the recombination zones(RZs)of the blue QD-LEDs are *** RZs are identified near the hole-transport layer(HTL),confirmed by angular-dependent electroluminescence measurements and optical *** addition,in order to investigate carrier dynamics in the process of recombination,the transient electroluminescence(tr-EL)signals of the dichromatic QD-LEDs are *** a result,it is inferred that the RZ initially formed near the electron-transport layer(ETL)due to the high injection barriers of ***,due to the fast electron mobility,the RZ shifts toward the HTL as the operating current *** the device lifetime tests,the RZ remains stationary while the photoluminescence(PL)corresponding to the RZ undergoes a substantial decrease,indicating that the degradation is accelerated by the concentrated *** this study contributes to a deeper understanding of the operational mechanisms of ZnTeSe blue QD-LEDs.

关键词： quantum dots light-emitting diodes degradation recombination zones carrier dynamics

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Faithful geometric measures for genuine tripartite entanglement

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Physical Review A 2024年第1期110卷 L010402-L010402页

作者： Xiaozhen Ge Lijun Liu Yong Wang Yu Xiang Guofeng Zhang Li Li Shuming Cheng Department of Control Science and Engineering Department of Applied Mathematics The Department of Mathematics and Computer Science State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics School of Physics Frontiers Science Center for Nano-optoelectronics and Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter Shanghai Institute of Intelligent Science and Technology Institute for Advanced Study

We present a faithful geometric picture for genuine tripartite entanglement of discrete, continuous, and hybrid quantum systems. We first find that the triangle relation Ei|jkα≤Ej|ikα+Ek|ijα holds for all subadditive bipartite entanglement measure E, all permutations under parties i,j,k, all α∈[0,1], and all pure tripartite states. Then, we rigorously prove that the nonobtuse triangle area, enclosed by side Eα with 0<α≤1/2, is a measure for genuine tripartite entanglement. Finally, it is significantly strengthened for qubits that given a set of subadditive and nonsubadditive measures, some state is always found to violate the triangle relation for any α>1, and the triangle area is not a measure for any α>1/2. Our results pave the way to study discrete and continuous multipartite entanglement within a unified framework.

关键词： Entanglement measures Quantum correlations in quantum information Quantum correlations, foundations & formalism Resource theories

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Analysis on unit maximum capacity of orthogonal multiple watermarking for multimedia signals in B5G wireless communications

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Digital Communications and Networks 2024年第1期10卷 38-44页

作者： Mianjie Li Senfeng Lai Jiao Wang Zhihong Tian Nadra Guizani Xiaojiang Du Chun Shan School of Electronics and Information Guangdong Polytechnic Normal UniversityGuangzhou510665China Cyberspace Institute of Advanced Technology Guangzhou UniversityGuangzhou510006China Schoolof Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Washington State UniversityPullmanWA99164USA Department of Computer and Information Science Temple UniversityPhiladelphiaPA19122USA

Beyond-5G(B5G)aims to meet the growing demands of mobile traffic and expand the communication *** that intelligent applications to B5G wireless communications will involve security issues regarding user data and operational data,this paper analyzes the maximum capacity of the multi-watermarking method for multimedia signal hiding as a means of alleviating the information security problem of *** multiwatermarking process employs spread transform dither *** the watermarking procedure,Gram-Schmidt orthogonalization is used to obtain the multiple spreading ***,multiple watermarks can be simultaneously embedded into the same position of a multimedia ***,the multiple watermarks can be extracted without affecting one another during the extraction *** analyze the effect of the size of the spreading vector on the unit maximum capacity,and consequently derive the theoretical relationship between the size of the spreading vector and the unit maximum capacity.A number of experiments are conducted to determine the optimal parameter values for maximum robustness on the premise of high capacity and good imperceptibility.

关键词： B5G Multimedia information security Spread transform dither modulation Spreading vector measurement Unit maximum capacity

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Object Detection Enhancement Based on Super-Resolution Mapping 31

Object Detection Enhancement Based on Super-Resolution Mappi...

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31st International Conference on electrical engineering, ICEE 2023

作者： Abyazi, Danial Abyazi, Dadfar Yazdi, Mehran Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Science University Department of Computer Engineering Zanjan Iran Shiraz University Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Shiraz Iran School of Electrical and Computer Engineering Shiraz Uniersity Shiraz Iran

ISBN: (纸本)9798350312560

Object detection, while being a key step in many applications, has remained challenging, mainly due to the different resolutions of objects in an image. On the other hand, Super-Resolution (SR) approaches have recently been developed to improve the resolution of an image. In this paper, we utilize SR to enhance the quality of images before applying them to a detection model and propose a structure where the detection performance is improved. Furthermore, we remove the image noises by SR methods. Comparisons depict the superior visual performance of the proposed method compared to the conventional detection models. We evaluate our proposed method for detection of solar panels in two countries. To this aim, we created a dataset of satellite images needed for implementing detection models. As a result, we can simply evaluate the usage of solar panels in countries. © 2023 IEEE.

关键词： Object detection

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Capacitor voltage unbalance minimization for three-phase five-level diode-clamped inverter using hexagonal hysteresis space vector modulation

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MULTISCALE AND MULTIDISCIPLINARY MODELING EXPERIMENTS AND DESIGN 2024年第2期7卷 661-671页

作者： Ramkumar, R. Singh, Manmohan Ramkumar, R. Usha, S. Thentral, T. M. Thamizh Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering SRM Institute of Science and Technology Chengalpattu India Department of Computer Engineering and Application GLA University Mathura India Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering School of Engineering and Technology Dhanalakshmi Srinivasan University Trichy India Department of Renewable Energy University of Maroua National Advanced School of Engineering of Maroua Maroua Cameroon

This article suggests a method for diminishing the voltage unbalance in a three-phase five-level diode-clamped inverter (DCI) through the use of hexagonal hysteresis space vector modulation (HHSVM). Capacitor voltage balancing leads to enhanced system efficiency, reduced stress on components, enhanced performance, abridged electromagnetic interference, and reduced total harmonic distortion. The proposed modulation technique and its implementation are thoroughly examined in this study, along with modeling and experiment data that show how efficient the method is at lowering the capacitor voltage unbalance in the proposed five-level DCI. Capacitor voltage unbalance is reduced with the use of this HHSVM approach to 0.95%, which is a superior reduction compared to traditional PWM methods. The paper also discusses the advantages of the proposed method over other existing methods, making it a promising solution for practical applications in power electronics systems.

关键词： Diode-clamped inverter (DCI) Capacitor voltage balancing Hexagonal hysteresis space vector modulation (HHSVM) Total harmonic distortion

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Integrating Visual Geometry and Mask Region CNN for Enhanced UAV Detection and Identification 100

Integrating Visual Geometry and Mask Region CNN for Enhanced...

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100th IEEE Vehicular Technology Conference, VTC 2024-Fall

作者： Ahmad, Ishtiaq Narmeen, Ramsha Alawad, Mohamad A. Alkhrijah, Yazeed Ho, Pin-Han Czech Technical University Faculty of Electrical Engineering Prague Czech Republic Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University Department of Electrical Engineering Saudi Arabia University of Waterloo Electrical and Computer Engineering Canada Uestc Shenzhen Institute for Advanced Study China

ISBN: (纸本)9798331517786

Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) have been adopted in various applications, including agriculture, public safety, surveillance, and crucial military missions. However, alongside their advantageous nature, UAVs have also been employed for malicious activities, leading to an increased requirement for timely detection and identification. Despite significant progress in UAV detection, challenges persist, particularly concerning various types of UAVs, the payload carried by UAVs, and the traits of their flight. Employing single machine learning for detection and identification has limitations due to the inability to handle diverse datasets and acquire complex relationships. Therefore, in this paper, we introduce a novel integration of the Visual Geometry Group-based convolutional neural network (VGG-CNN) framework employed for detection with the Mask Region-based convolutional neural network (MR-CNN) for identification of UAVs (jointly termed MR-DCNN). For efficient deployment of MR-DCNN, we add diversity to the dataset by performing data augmentation of new images in the training dataset for the detection of various types of UAVs, payload categories, and flight characteristics. The performance evaluation of the MR-DCNN approach was conducted via simulations, revealing superior detection capabilities for malicious UAVs compared to existing methods. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Convolutional neural networks

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FMCW Monopulse Radar with an Orthogonally Polarized Dual-Beam Dielectric Resonator Antenna

FMCW Monopulse Radar with an Orthogonally Polarized Dual-Bea...

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2024 International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation, ISAP 2024

作者： Lee, Chanhee Shin, Kyeong-Han Lee, Ji-Hoon Lee, Hyo-Won Kim, Jeong-Wook Yu, Jong-Won School of Electrical Engineering Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology Daejeon Korea Republic of Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Ajou University Suwon Korea Republic of

ISBN: (纸本)9798350364774

In this paper, frequency-modulated continuous-wave (FMCW) radar system using dielectric resonator antenna (DRA), which has two beams with orthogonal linear polarization to each other, is introduced to function as a monopulse radar. The DRA operates at 24.3 GHz with a 16.8% bandwidth and provides over 40 dB isolation between V-pol and H-pol ports. Simulations demonstrate effective target detection and advanced directional information extraction, similar to monopulse radar, using a signal processing technique to address overlapping beam regions. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Monopulse radar

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Knowledge-Empowered,Collaborative,and Co-Evolving AI Models:The Post-LLM Roadmap

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工程（英文） 2025年第1期44卷 87-100页

作者： Fei Wu Tao Shen Thomas Bäck Jingyuan Chen Gang Huang Yaochu Jin Kun Kuang Mengze Li Cewu Lu Jiaxu Miao Yongwei Wang Ying Wei Fan Wu Junchi Yan Hongxia Yang Yi Yang Shengyu Zhang Zhou Zhao Yueting Zhuang Yunhe Pan College of Computer Science and Technology Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310027China Leiden Institute of Advanced Computer Science Leiden UniversityLeiden 2333 CCNetherlands College of Electrical Engineering Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310027China School of Engineering Westlake UniversityHangzhou 310024China Department of Computer Science and Engineering Hong Kong University of Science and TechnologyHong Kong 999077China Department of Computer Science and Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China School of Cyber Science and Technology Sun Yat-Sen UniversityShenzhen 518107China Department of Computing The Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHong Kong 999077China

Large language models(LLMs)have significantly advanced artificial intelligence(AI)by excelling in tasks such as understanding,generation,and reasoning across multiple *** these achieve-ments,LLMs have inherent limitations including outdated information,hallucinations,inefficiency,lack of interpretability,and challenges in domain-specific *** address these issues,this survey explores three promising directions in the post-LLM era:knowledge empowerment,model collaboration,and model ***,we examine methods of integrating external knowledge into LLMs to enhance factual accuracy,reasoning capabilities,and interpretability,including incorporating knowledge into training objectives,instruction tuning,retrieval-augmented inference,and knowledge ***,we discuss model collaboration strategies that leverage the complementary strengths of LLMs and smaller models to improve efficiency and domain-specific performance through techniques such as model merging,functional model collaboration,and knowledge ***,we delve into model co-evolution,in which multiple models collaboratively evolve by sharing knowledge,parameters,and learning strategies to adapt to dynamic environments and tasks,thereby enhancing their adaptability and continual *** illustrate how the integration of these techniques advances AI capabilities in science,engineering,and society—particularly in hypothesis development,problem formulation,problem-solving,and interpretability across various *** conclude by outlining future pathways for further advancement and applications.

关键词： Artificial intelligence Large language models Knowledge empowerment Model collaboration Model co-evolution

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