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The joint automated repository for various integrated simulations (JARVIS) for data-driven materials design

npj Computational Materials 2020年第1期6卷 234-246页

作者： Kamal Choudhary Kevin F.Garrity Andrew C.E.Reid Brian DeCost Adam J.Biacchi Angela R.Hight Walker Zachary Trautt Jason Hattrick-Simpers A.Gilad Kusne Andrea Centrone Albert Davydov Jie Jiang Ruth Pachter Gowoon Cheon Evan Reed Ankit Agrawal Xiaofeng Qian Vinit Sharma Houlong Zhuang Sergei V.Kalinin Bobby G.Sumpter Ghanshyam Pilania Pinar Acar Subhasish Mandal Kristjan Haule David Vanderbilt Karin Rabe Francesca Tavazza Materials Measurement Laboratory National Institute of Standards and TechnologyGaithersburgMD 20899USA Theiss Research La JollaCA 92037USA Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of MarylandCollege ParkMD 20742USA Physical Measurement Laboratory National Institute of Standards and TechnologyGaithersburgMD 20899USA Materials and Manufacturing Directorate Air Force Research LaboratoryWright–Patterson Air Force BaseDaytonOH 45433USA Department of Materials Science and Engineering Stanford UniversityStanfordCA 94305USA Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Northwestern UniversityEvanstonIL 60208USA Department of Materials Science and Engineering Texas A&M UniversityTexasTX 77843USA Joint Institute for Computational Sciences University of TennesseeKnoxvilleTN 37996USA National Institute for Computational Sciences Oak Ridge National LaboratoryOak RidgeTN 37831USA School for Engineering of Matter Transport and Energy Arizona State UniversityTempeAZ 85287USA Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences Oak Ridge National LaboratoryOak RidgeTN 37831USA Materials Science and Technology Division Los Alamos National LabLos AlamosNM 87545USA Department of Mechanical Engineering Virginia TechBlacksburgVA 24061USA Department of Physics and Astronomy Rutgers UniversityPiscatawayNJ 08901USA

The Joint Automated Repository for Various Integrated Simulations(JARVIS)is an integrated infrastructure to accelerate materials discovery and design using density functional theory(DFT),classical force-fields(FF),and machine learning(ML)*** is motivated by the Materials Genome Initiative(MGI)principles of developing open-access databases and tools to reduce the cost and development time of materials discovery,optimization,and deployment.

关键词： automated JAR databases

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All-solid Polymer Waveguide for Fiber Interconnection

All-solid Polymer Waveguide for Fiber Interconnection

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Asia Communications and Photonics Conference and Exhibition (ACP)

作者： Yuxing Chen Cong Xiong Jie Zhu Caoyuan Wang Ruowei Yu Hanbing Yue Zhende Zhai Yuzhi Shi Aiqun Liu Limin Xiao Advanced Fiber Devices and Systems Group Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Photonic Structures (MoE) Key Laboratory for Information Science of Electromagnetic Waves (MoE) Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Ultra-Precision Optical Manufacturing School of Information Science and Technology Fudan University Shanghai China Shenzhen Sublime Photonics Co. Ltd Shenzhen China Department of Micro/Nano Electronics National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Micro/Nano Fabrication Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai China School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Nanyang Technological University Singapore Yiwu Research Institute of Fudan University Yiwu China Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering Shenzhen University Shenzhen China

Here we first demonstrate the fabrication of an all-solid light-induced self-writing waveguide using the photopolymer material to interconnect two fibers. The waveguide provides a new scheme for interconnecting of optical fibers, and the strategy may also be extended for fiber-waveguide interconnection and photonic chip integration.

关键词： optical fibers Bridges optical losses Couplings Wavelength measurement optical device fabrication Solids

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Self-cleaning and self-cooling paper

arXiv

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arXiv 2020年

作者： Tian, Yanpei Shao, Hong Liu, Xiaojie Chen, Fangqi Li, Yongsheng Tang, Changyu Zheng, Yi Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering Northeastern University BostonMA United States Chengdu Green Energy and Green Manufacturing Technology R&D Center Chengdu Development Center of Science and Technology Sichuan China Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Northeastern University BostonMA United States

The technique of passive daytime radiative cooling (PDRC) is used to cool an object down by simultaneously reflecting sunlight and thermally radiating heat to the cold outer space through the Earth’s atmospheric window. However, for practical applications, current PDRC materials are facing unprecedented challenges such as complicated and expensive fabrication approaches and performance degradation arising from surface contamination. Here, we develop a scalable paper-based material with excellent self-cleaning and self-cooling capabilities, through air-spraying ethanolic polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) microparticles suspensions embedded within the micropores of the paper. The formed superhydrophobic PTFE coating not only protects the paper from water wetting and dust contamination for real-life applications but also reinforces its solar reflectance by sunlight backscattering. The paper fibers, when enhanced with PTFE particles, efficiently reflect sunlight and strongly radiate heat through the atmospheric window, resulting in a sub-ambient cooling performance of 5◦C and radiative cooling power of 104 W/m2 under direct solar irradiance of 834 W/m2 and 671 W/m2, respectively. The self-cleaning surface of the cooling paper extends its lifespan and keep its good cooling performance for outdoor applications. Additionally, dyed papers are experimentally studied for broad engineering applications. They can absorb appropriate visible wavelengths to display specific colors and effectively reflect near-infrared lights to reduce solar heating, which synchronously achieves effective radiative cooling and aesthetic varieties in a cost-effective, scalable, and energy-efficient way. Copyright © 2020, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Cost effectiveness

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Calibration of Flux Crosstalk in Large-Scale Flux-Tunable Superconducting Quantum Circuits

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PRX Quantum 2021年第4期2卷 040313-040313页

作者： X. Dai D.M. Tennant R. Trappen A.J. Martinez D. Melanson M.A. Yurtalan Y. Tang S. Novikov J.A. Grover S.M. Disseler J.I. Basham R. Das D.K. Kim A.J. Melville B.M. Niedzielski S.J. Weber J.L. Yoder D.A. Lidar A. Lupascu Institute for Quantum Computing and Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Waterloo Waterloo Ontario N2L 3G1 Canada Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Waterloo Waterloo Ontario N2L 3G1 Canada Northrop Grumman Corporation Linthicum Maryland 21090 USA MIT Lincoln Laboratory 244 Wood Street Lexington Massachusetts 02421 USA Departments of Electrical & Computer Engineering Chemistry and Physics and Center for Quantum Information Science & Technology University of Southern California Los Angeles California 90089 USA Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology University of Waterloo Waterloo Ontario N2L 3G1 Canada

Magnetic flux tunability is an essential feature in most approaches to quantum computing based on superconducting qubits. Independent control of the fluxes in multiple loops is hampered by crosstalk. Calibrating flux crosstalk becomes a challenging task when the circuit elements interact strongly. We present a novel approach to flux crosstalk calibration, which is circuit model independent and relies on an iterative process to gradually improve calibration accuracy. This method allows us to reduce errors due to the inductive coupling between loops. The calibration procedure is automated and implemented on devices consisting of tunable flux qubits and couplers with up to 27 control loops. We devise a method to characterize the calibration error, which is used to show that the errors of the measured crosstalk coefficients are all below 0.17%.

关键词： Adiabatic quantum optimization Quantum information architectures & platforms Quantum information processing Superconducting qubits

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When federated learning meets blockchain: A new distributed learning paradigm

arXiv

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arXiv 2020年

作者： Ma, Chuan Li, Jun Ding, Ming Shi, Long Wang, Taotao Han, Zhu Poor, H. Vincent The School of Electronic and Optical Engineering Nanjing University of Science and Technology Nanjing China Data61 CSIRO 2015 Australia The College of Electronics and Information Engineering Shenzhen University Shenzhen518060 China The Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Houston HoustonTX77004 United States The Department of Electrical Engineering Princeton University PrincetonNJ08544 United States

Motivated by the explosive computing capabilities at end user equipments, as well as the growing privacy concerns over sharing sensitive raw data, a new machine learning paradigm, named federated learning (FL) has emerged. By training models locally at each client and aggregating learning models at a central server, FL has the capability to avoid sharing data directly, thereby reducing privacy leakage. However, the traditional FL framework heavily relies on a single central server and may fall apart if such a server behaves maliciously. To address this single point of failure issue, this work investigates a blockchain assisted decentralized FL (BLADE-FL) framework, which can well prevent the malicious clients from poisoning the learning process, and further provides a self-motivated and reliable learning environment for clients. In detail, the model aggregation process is fully decentralized and the tasks of training for FL and mining for blockchain are integrated into each participant. In addition, we investigate the unique issues in this framework and provide analytical and experimental results to shed light on possible solutions. Copyright © 2020, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Blockchain

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"ITE Review 2019 Series (2);"Research Trend on Information Display technology" by

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Kyokai Joho Imeji Zasshi/Journal of the Institute of Image Information and Television Engineers 2019年第2期73卷 318-329页

作者： Fujisaki, Yoshihide Shimizu, Takahisa Tsuzuki, Toshimitsu Kimura, Munehiro Ishinabe, Takahiro Yamakita, Hiroyuki Maeda, Shuichi Okumura, Haruhiko Yoshida, Shigeto Hasegawa, Takuya Nakamura, Atsushi Science & Technology Research Laboratories NHK Tokyo Japan Department of Electrical Electronics and Information Engineering Nagaoka University of Technology Nagaoka Japan Department of Electronic Engineering Graduate School of Engineering Tohoku University Sendai Japan Kyoto Technology Development Center JOLED Inc. Tokyo Japan Optical and Imaging Science & Technology Tokai University Hiratsuka Japan Corporate Research & Development Center Toshiba Corp. Kawasaki Japan Telecommunication and Image Technology Laboratories Corporate Research & Development Business Unit Sharp Corporation Nara Japan Department of Marine Resources Science Faculty of Agriculture and Marine Science Kochi University Kochi Japan Graduate School of Integrated Science and Technology Shizuoka University Hamamatsu Japan

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Visualizing the out-of-plane electronic dispersions in an intercalated transition metal dichalcogenide

arXiv

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arXiv 2022年

作者： Yang, Xian P. LaBollita, Harrison Cheng, Zi-Jia Bhandari, Hari Cochran, Tyler A. Yin, Jia-Xin Hossain, Md Shafayat Belopolski, Ilya Zhang, Qi Jiang, Yuxiao Shumiya, Nana Multer, Daniel Liskevich, Maksim Usanov, Dmitry A. Dang, Yanliu Strocov, Vladimir N. Davydov, Albert V. Ghimire, Nirmal J. Botana, Antia S. Hasan, M. Zahid Department of Physics Princeton University Princeton NJ United States Department of Physics Arizona State University TempeAZ United States Department of Physics and Astronomy George Mason University FairfaxVA United States Quantum Science and Engineering Center George Mason University FairfaxVA United States Swiss Light Source Paul Scherrer Institute Villigen Switzerland GaithersburgMD United States Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Purdue University West LafayetteIN United States Princeton Institute for Science and Technology of Materials Princeton University Princeton NJ United States Materials Sciences Division Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory BerkeleyCA United States

Layered transition metal dichalcogenides have rich phase diagram and they feature two dimensionality on numerous physical properties. Co1/3NbS2 is one of the newest members of this family where Co atoms are intercalated into the Van der Waals gaps between NbS2 layers. We study the three-dimensional electronic band structure of Co1/3NbS2 using both surface and bulk sensitive angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy. We show that the electronic bands don't fit into the rigid-band-shift picture after the Co intercalation. Instead, Co1/3NbS2 displays a different orbital character near the Fermi level compared to the pristine NbS2 compound and has a clear band dispersion in kz direction despite its layered structure. Our photoemission study demonstrates the out-of-plane electronic correlations introduced by the Co intercalation, thus offering a new perspective on this compound. Finally, we propose how Fermi level tuning could lead to exotic phases such as spin density wave instability. © 2022, CC BY.

关键词： Van der Waals forces

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"Hall" transport of liquid crystal solitons in Couette flow

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Coelho, Rodrigo C.V. Zhao, Hanqing Amaral, Guilherme N.C. Smalyukh, Ivan I. Telo da Gama, Margarida M. Tasinkevych, Mykola Centro de Física Teórica e Computacional Faculdade de Ciências Universidade de Lisboa Lisboa1749-016 Portugal Departamento de Física Faculdade de Ciências Universidade de Lisboa LisboaP-1749-016 Portugal Department of Physics and Soft Materials Research Center University of Colorado BoulderCO80309 United States Department of Electrical Computer and Energy Engineering Materials Science and Engineering Program University of Colorado BoulderCO80309 United States Renewable and Sustainable Energy Institute National Renewable Energy Laboratory University of Colorado BoulderCO80309 United States International Institute for Sustainability Knotted Chiral Meta Matter Hiroshima University Higashihiroshima739-8511 Japan SOFT Group School of Science and Technology Nottingham Trent University Clifton Lane NottinghamNG11 8NS United Kingdom

Topology establishes a unifying framework for a diverse range of scientific areas including particle physics, cosmology, and condensed matter physics. One of the most fascinating manifestations of topology in the context of condensed matter is the topological Hall effect, and its relative: the Skyrmion Hall effect. Skyrmions are stable vortex-like spin configurations in certain chiral magnets, and when subject to external electric currents can drift in the transverse direction to the current. These quasi-particles are characterised by a conserved topological charge which in the Skyrmion Hall effect plays the role of electric charges in the ordinary Hall effect. Recently, it has been shown that liquid crystals endowed with chiral properties serve as an ideal testbed for the fundamental investigation of topological solitons, including their two- and three-dimensional realisations. Here, we show experimentally and numerically that three-dimensional solitons aka"torons" exhibit a Hall-like effect when driven by shear flows: the torons are deflected in the direction perpendicular to the shear plane. The experimental results are rationalised in terms of the dynamic Ericksen-Leslie equations, which predict the emergence of the transverse component of the net mass flow, the magnitude of which scales as the 3rd power of the shear rate. The perturbation analysis highlights an interplay of the viscous and chiral elastic torques as the mechanism for the emergence of net transverse currents. Numerical simulations demonstrate, however, that torons are not merely dragged by the flow but move with their own transverse speed, much larger than the average flow velocity in the transverse direction. Our findings may enable responsive microfluidic applications relying on soft topological solitons. Copyright © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Liquid crystals

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Quantum Logic Enhanced Sensing in Solid-State Spin Ensembles

arXiv

引用

arXiv 2022年

作者： Arunkumar, Nithya Olsson, Kevin S. Oon, Jner Tzern Hart, Connor Bucher, Dominik B. Glenn, David Lukin, Mikhail D. Park, Hongkun Ham, Donhee Walsworth, Ronald L. Department of Physics Harvard University CambridgeMA02138 United States John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences Harvard University CambridgeMA02138 United States Quantum Technology Center University of Maryland College ParkMD20742 United States Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Maryland College ParkMD20742 United States Intelligence Community Postdoctoral Research Fellowship Program University of Maryland College ParkMD20742 United States Department of Physics University of Maryland College ParkMD20742 United States Department of Chemistry Technical University of Munich Germany Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology Harvard University CambridgeMA02138 United States

We demonstrate quantum logic enhanced sensitivity for a macroscopic ensemble of solid-state, hybrid two-qubit sensors. We achieve a factor of 30 improvement in signal-to-noise ratio, translating to a sensitivity enhancement exceeding an order of magnitude. Using the electronic spins of nitrogen vacancy (NV) centers in diamond as sensors, we leverage the on-site nitrogen nuclear spins of the NV centers as memory qubits, in combination with homogeneous bias and control fields, ensuring that all of the ∼109 two-qubit sensors are sufficiently identical to permit global control of the NV ensemble spin states. We find quantum logic sensitivity enhancement for multiple measurement protocols with varying optimal sensing intervals, including XY8 dynamical decoupling and correlation spectroscopy, using a synthetic AC magnetic field. The results are independent of the nature of the target signal and broadly applicable to metrology using NV centers and other solid-state ensembles. This work provides a benchmark for macroscopic ensembles of quantum sensors that employ quantum logic or quantum error correction algorithms for enhanced sensitivity. © 2022, CC BY.

关键词： Spin dynamics

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The NOVO project - hybrid neutron/gamma-ray imaging for range verification in particle therapy

The NOVO project - hybrid neutron/gamma-ray imaging for rang...

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IEEE Symposium on Nuclear Science (NSS/MIC)

作者： J. A.B. Turko I. Meric E. Alagoz L. Hysing D. Lathouwers W. Lionheart J. Obhodas G. Pausch H. Pettersen H. Ratliff K. E. Roemer S. M. Schellhammer L. Setterdahl D. Sudac A. Wagner K. Ytre-Hauge T. J. Kögler Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf Institute of Radiation Physics Dresden Saxony Germany Department of Computer Science Electrical Engineering and Mathematical Sciences Western Norway University of Applied Sciences Bergen Norway University of Bergen Bergen Norway Haukeland University Hospital Bergen Norway Delft University of Technology Delft Netherlands University of Manchester Manchester United Kingdom Ruder Bošković Institute Zagreb Croatia Target Systemelektronik Wuppertal North Rhine-Westphalia Germany OncoRay – National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology Dresden Saxony Germany Institute of Radiooncology Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf Dresden Saxony Germany

Particle therapy has proven highly sensitive range uncertainties, making online range verification essential. Here we present a status update on work by the NOVO collaboration investigating range verification through simultaneous imaging of prompt gamma-rays and fast neutrons. The proposed system is designed to offer high detection sensitivity to range shifts with a smaller footprint and cost than current state-of-the art systems, where the proton range can be calculated by imaging elastically scattered neutrons and gamma-rays emitted from patient tissues during treatment. Both the detector design and feasibility of the NOVO concept were investigated using Monte Carlo particle transport simulations, supported by an experimental characterization of candidate scintillator materials. The detector design was chosen to maximize the number of image-able detected events under clinical treatment conditions. The feasibility of the method was demonstrated using a real patient case chosen from the Cancer Imaging Archive. Results show that a range-shift sensitivity of 1 mm per spot is attainable for clinical proton intensities with detector resolution effects included. Our findings demonstrate the potential of particle treatment verification through simultaneous fast neutron and prompt gamma-ray imaging, present a design for such a system, and reinforce its suitability in clinical application.

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