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Anomaly detection in collider physics via factorized observables

physical Review D 2024年第5期110卷 055012页

作者： Eric M. Metodiev Jesse Thaler Raymond Wynne Center for Theoretical Physics USA Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Division of Physics Mathematics and Astronomy

To maximize the discovery potential of high-energy colliders, experimental searches should be sensitive to unforeseen new physics scenarios. This goal has motivated the use of machine learning for unsupervised anomaly detection. In this paper, we introduce a new anomaly detection strategy called force: factorized observables for regressing conditional expectations. Our approach is based on the inductive bias of factorization, which is the idea that the physics governing different energy scales can be treated as approximately independent. Assuming factorization holds separately for signal and background processes, the appearance of nontrivial correlations between low- and high-energy observables is a robust indicator of new physics. Under the most restrictive form of factorization, a machine-learned model trained to identify such correlations will in fact converge to the optimal new physics classifier. We test force on a benchmark anomaly detection task for the Large Hadron Collider involving collimated sprays of particles called jets. By teasing out correlations between the kinematics and substructure of jets, our method can reliably extract percent-level signal fractions. This strategy for uncovering new physics adds to the growing toolbox of anomaly detection methods for collider physics with a complementary set of assumptions.

关键词： Search strategy Signatures with jets Deep learning Machine learning

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Adaptive Sampling of Algal Blooms Using an Autonomous Underwater Vehicle and Satellite Imagery

Adaptive Sampling of Algal Blooms Using an Autonomous Underw...

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2023 IEEE Conference on Control Technology and Applications, CCTA 2023

作者： Fonseca, Joana Rocha, Alexandre Aguiar, Miguel Johansson, Karl H. Kth Royal Institute of Technology Division of Decision and Control Systems School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science and Digital Futures StockholmSE-100 44 Sweden

ISBN: (纸本)9798350335446

This paper proposes a method that uses satellite data to improve adaptive sampling missions. We find and track algal bloom fronts using an autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) equipped with a sensor that measures the concentration of chlorophyll a. Chlorophyll a concentration indicates the presence of algal blooms. The proposed method learns the kernel parameters of a Gaussian process model using satellite images of chlorophyll a from previous days. The AUV estimates the chlorophyll a concentration online using locally collected data. The algal bloom front estimate is fed to the motion control algorithm. The performance of this method is evaluated through simulations using a real dataset of an algal bloom front in the Baltic. We consider a real-world scenario with sensor and localization noise and with a detailed AUV model. © 2023 IEEE.

关键词： Autonomous underwater vehicles

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A Via-Less Fully Screen-Printed Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface for 5G Millimeter Wave Communication

A Via-Less Fully Screen-Printed Reconfigurable Intelligent S...

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2023 IEEE International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation and USNC-URSI Radio science Meeting, AP-S/URSI 2023

作者： Yang, Yiming Wang, Ruiqi Vaseem, Mohammad Makki, Behrooz Shamim, Atif King Abdullah University of Science and Technology Computer Electrical and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering Division Thuwal Saudi Arabia Ericsson Research Gothenburg417 56 Sweden

ISBN: (纸本)9781665442282

In this paper, we propose a via-less fully screen-printed reconfigurable intelligent surface which can establish a second line-of-sight communication from 23.5GHz to 29.5GHz. By serially connecting the H shaped resonator along the H field of the incident wave, we minimize the effect of the biasing lines and make a via-less design, which reduces the fabrication difficulty and cost. The unit-cell simulation of the array with screen-printed VO2 switches shows a 215° to 160° phase shift difference between the ON and OFF states within bandwidth. During the field testing of the ideal arrays, we verify that the array can redirect the 45° incident wave to 0° reflection with a signal enhancement of at least 10 dB as compared to the array which has all unit cells in the OFF condition. © 2023 IEEE.

关键词： Vanadium dioxide

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Applying Deep-Learning-Based computer Vision to Wireless Communications: Methodologies, Opportunities, and Challenges

IEEE Open Journal of the Communications Society

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IEEE Open Journal of the Communications Society 2021年 2卷 132-143页

作者： Tian, Yu Pan, Gaofeng Alouini, Mohamed-Slim Computer Electrical and Mathematical Science and Engineering Division King Abdullah University of Science and Technology Thuwal Saudi Arabia

Deep learning (DL) has seen great success in the computer vision (CV) field, and related techniques have been used in security, healthcare, remote sensing, and many other areas. As a parallel development, visual data has become universal in daily life, easily generated by ubiquitous low-cost cameras. Therefore, exploring DL-based CV may yield useful information about objects, such as their number, locations, distribution, motion, etc. Intuitively, DL-based CV can also facilitate and improve the designs of wireless communications, especially in dynamic network scenarios. However, so far, such work is rare in the literature. The primary purpose of this article, then, is to introduce ideas about applying DL-based CV in wireless communications to bring some novel degrees of freedom to both theoretical research and engineering applications. To illustrate how DL-based CV can be applied in wireless communications, an example of using a DL-based CV with a millimeter-wave (mmWave) system is given to realize optimal mmWave multiple-input and multiple-output (MIMO) beamforming in mobile scenarios. In this example, we propose a framework to predict future beam indices from previously observed beam indices and images of street views using ResNet, 3-dimensional ResNext, and a long short-term memory network. The experimental results show that our frameworks achieve much higher accuracy than the baseline method, and that visual data can significantly improve the performance of the MIMO beamforming system. Finally, we discuss the opportunities and challenges of applying DL-based CV in wireless communications. © 2020 IEEE.

关键词： computer vision

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Hydrodynamic parameter estimation using statistical machine learning for dynamic radiography

Hydrodynamic parameter estimation using statistical machine ...

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2023 Computational Optical Sensing and Imaging, COSI 2023 in Optica Imaging Congress - Part of Imaging and Applied Optics Congress 2023

作者： De, Soumi Klasky, Marc Korobkin, Oleg Sidharth, G.S. Xu, Xiaojian Computer Computational and Statistical Sciences Division Los Alamos National Laboratory United States Theoretical Division Los Alamos National Laboratory United States Department of Aerospace Engineering Iowa State University United States Department of Electrical Engineering & Computer Science University of Michigan United States

Characterization of material properties of objects undergoing strong deformations is an important task in material science. Using neural networks with dynamic features extracted from radiographic projections we obtain... 详细信息

ISBN: (纸本)9781957171289

关键词： Parameter estimation

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Visible Light Communications via Intelligent Reflecting Surfaces: Metasurfaces vs Mirror Arrays

IEEE Open Journal of the Communications Society

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IEEE Open Journal of the Communications Society 2021年 2卷 1-20页

作者： Abdelhady, Amr M. Salem, Ahmed K. Sultan Amin, Osama Shihada, Basem Alouini, Mohamed-Slim Computer Electrical and Mathematical Science and Engineering Division King Abdullah University of Science and Technology Thuwal Saudi Arabia

We propose two types of intelligent reflecting systems based on programmable metasurfaces and mirrors to focus the incident optical power towards a visible light communication receiver. We derive the required phase gradients for the metasurface array reflector and the required orientations of each mirror in the mirrors array reflector to achieve power focusing. Based on which, we derive the irradiance expressions for the two systems in the detector plane to characterize their performance in terms of aiming and focusing capabilities. We show analytically that the number of reflecting elements along with the relative source - reflector dimensions determine the system power focusing capability. Moreover, we quantify analytically the received power gain compared with reflector-free systems. In addition, we introduce a new simple metric to assess the relative reflectors' performance for a given source, detector, reflector layout. Finally, we verify the analytical findings regarding absolute and relative reflectors' performance via numerical simulations. © 2020 IEEE.

关键词： Focusing

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Silicon-Based Charge Trapping Memory Devices for Next-Generation Flexible Electronics Application

IEEE Journal on Flexible Electronics

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IEEE Journal on Flexible Electronics 2023年第5期2卷 408-413页

作者： Das, Uttam Kumar Aslam, Nabeel Hussain, Muhammad Mustafa El-Atab, Nazek Program of ECE Computer Electrical Mathematical Science and Engineering Division Thuwal23955 Saudi Arabia KAUST Core Labs Thuwal23955 Saudi Arabia Purdue University Elmore Family School of ECE West LafayetteIN47907 United States

Silicon-based charge trapping memory (CTM) devices currently dominate the nonvolatile memory (NVM) technology due to their excellent reliability, scalability, and maturity of the manufacturing process;however, they are rigid, which limits their potential in futuristic applications, such as wearables and flexible displays, among many others;moreover, the majority of previously reported studies on flexible NVM have been limited to either nonsilicon-based CTM or to emerging NVM technologies, such as ferroelectric random access memory and memristors, among others, which still need to overcome different challenges, including, but not limited to, reliability issues and complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) compatibility. In this article, a flexible silicon-based CTM device is developed using a volumetric reduction process. A MOS memory structure with a 7-nm thin Si3N4 layer embedded between 5-nm tunneling (SiO2) and 9-nm blocking oxides (Al2O3) is first fabricated. Next, a backside sequential etching process transforms the rigid die into an ultrathin (20μm) flexible Si die for future application in flexible electronics. The fabricated two-terminal device exhibits a 2.32 V memory window in both rigid and bent states, as observed using capacitance-voltage measurements. A three-terminal version of the device was also developed, where the source and drain terminals were activated using an in situ doped plasma-enhanced CVD (PECVD) process. The flexible encapsulated chip was tested using current-voltage measurements, and the performance was compared at different mechanical bending conditions. The electrical characterization confirms that the flexible devices show similar endurance (104 cycles) and retention (105s) performances to their rigid counterparts. © 2022 IEEE.

关键词： Aluminum oxide

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Modeling and Analysis of Dynamic Charging for EVs: A Stochastic Geometry Approach

IEEE Open Journal of Vehicular Technology

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IEEE Open Journal of Vehicular Technology 2021年 2卷 17-44页

作者： Nguyen, Duc Minh Kishk, Mustafa A. Alouini, Mohamed-Slim Computer Electrical and Mathematical Science and Engineering Division King Abdullah University of Science and Technology Thuwal Saudi Arabia

With the increasing demand for greener and more energy efficient transportation solutions, electric vehicles (EVs) have emerged to be the future of transportation across the globe. However, currently, one of the biggest bottlenecks of EVs is the battery. Small batteries limit the EVs driving range, while big batteries are expensive and not environmentally friendly. One potential solution to this challenge is the deployment of charging roads, i.e., dynamic wireless charging systems installed under the roads that enable EVs to be charged while driving. In this paper, we use tools from stochastic geometry to establish a framework that enables evaluating the performance of charging roads deployment in metropolitan cities. We first present the course of actions that a driver should take when driving from a random source to a random destination in order to maximize dynamic charging during the trip. Next, we analyze the distribution of the distance to the nearest charging road. This distribution is vital for studying multiple performance metrics such as the trip efficiency, which we define as the fraction of the total trip spent on charging roads. Next, we derive the probability that a given trip passes through at least one charging road. The derived probability distributions can be used to assist urban planners and policy makers in designing the deployment plans of dynamic wireless charging systems. In addition, they can also be used by drivers and automobile manufacturers in choosing the best driving routes given the road conditions and level of energy of EV battery. © 2020 IEEE.

关键词： Electric vehicles

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DualGFL: Federated Learning with a Dual-Level Coalition-Auction Game

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Chen, Xiaobing Zhou, Xiangwei Zhang, Songyang Sun, Mingxuan Division of Electrical and Computer Engineering Louisiana State University United States Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Louisiana Lafayette United States Division of Computer Science and Engineering Louisiana State University United States

Despite some promising results in federated learning using game-theoretical methods, most existing studies mainly employ a one-level game in either a cooperative or competitive environment, failing to capture the complex dynamics among participants in practice. To address this issue, we propose DualGFL, a novel Federated Learning framework with a Dual-level Game in cooperative-competitive environments. DualGFL includes a lower-level hedonic game where clients form coalitions and an upper-level multi-attribute auction game where coalitions bid for training participation. At the lower-level DualGFL, we introduce a new auction-aware utility function and propose a Pareto-optimal partitioning algorithm to find a Pareto-optimal partition based on clients’ preference profiles. At the upper-level DualGFL, we formulate a multi-attribute auction game with resource constraints and derive equilibrium bids to maximize coalitions’ winning probabilities and profits. A greedy algorithm is proposed to maximize the utility of the central server. Extensive experiments on real-world datasets demonstrate DualGFL’s effectiveness in improving both server utility and client utility. © 2024, CC BY-SA.

关键词： Federated learning

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Advanced technologies in InGaN micro-LED fabrication to mitigate the sidewall effect

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光：科学与应用（英文版） 2025年第2期14卷 307-332页

作者： Zhiyuan Liu Haicheng Cao Xiao Tang Tingang Liu Yi Lu Zixian Jiang Na Xiao Xiaohang Li Advanced Semiconductor Laboratory Electrical and Computer Engineering ProgramCEMSE DivisionKing Abdullah University of Science and Technology(KAUST)Thuwal 23955-6900Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

The size of InGaN micro-LEDs is continuously decreasing to meet the demands of various emerging applications,especially in tiny micro-displays such as AR/***,the conventional pixel definition based on plasma etching significantly damages the mesa sidewalls,leading to a severe reduction in efficiency as the micro-LED size *** seriously impedes the development and application of *** this work,we comprehensively explain the origin of micro-LED sidewall effects and corresponding physical ***,we systematically review recent progress in micro-LED fabrication aiming at suppressing sidewall ***,we discuss advancements in micro-LED fabrication with"damage-free"techniques,which hold the potential to fundamentally address the issue of plasma damage in the micro-LED *** believe this review will deepen the understanding of micro-LED sidewall effects and provide a better insight into the latest associated fabrication technologies for high-efficient InGaN micro-LEDs.

关键词： technologies micro-led advanced ingan effect fabrication mitigate sidewall

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