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38th International Conference on High Performance Computing, ISC High Performance 2023

作者： Ltaief, Hatem Hong, Yuxi Dabah, Adel Alomairy, Rabab Abdulah, Sameh Goreczny, Chris Gepner, Pawel Ravasi, Matteo Gratadour, Damien Keyes, David Division of Computer Electrical and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering Extreme Computing Research Center King Abdullah University of Science and Technology Thuwal Jeddah23955 Saudi Arabia Division of Physical Sciences and Engineering Extreme Computing Research Center King Abdullah University of Science and Technology Thuwal Jeddah23955 Saudi Arabia Graphcore Gdańsk Poland Warsaw University of Technology Warsaw Poland Paris Observatory Paris France

ISBN: (纸本)9783031320408

AI hardware technologies have revolutionized computational science. While they have been mostly used to accelerate deep learning training and inference models for machine learning, HPC scientific applications do not seem to directly benefit from these specific hardware features unless AI-based components are introduced into their simulation workflows, for instance, as a replacement of their numerical solvers. This paper proposes to take another direction in an attempt to democratize customized AI architectures for HPC scientific computing. The main idea consists in demonstrating how legacy applications can leverage these AI engines after a necessary algorithmic redesign. It is critical that the resulting software implementations map onto the underlying memory-austere hardware architectures to extract the expected performance. To facilitate this process, we promote the matricization technique for restructuring codes (1) by exploiting data sparsity via algebraic compression and (2) by expressing the critical computational phases in terms of tile low-rank matrix-vector multiplications (TLR-MVM) and batch matrix-matrix multiplications (batch GEMM). Algebraic compression enables to reduce memory footprint and to fit into small local cache/memory, while batch execution ensures high occupancy. We highlight how we can steer the Graphcore AI-focused Wafer-on-Wafer Intelligence Processing Units (IPUs) to deliver high performance for both operations. We conduct a performance benchmarking campaign of these two matrix operations that account for most of the elapsed times of four real applications in computational astronomy, seismic imaging, wireless communications, and climate/weather predictions. We report bandwidth and execution rates with speedup factors up to 150X/14X/25X/40X, respectively, on IPUs compared to other systems. © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.

关键词： Benchmarking

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Spin Orbit Torque Tunable Skyrmion Neuromorphic Devices

Spin Orbit Torque Tunable Skyrmion Neuromorphic Devices

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International Conference on Emerging Electronics (ICEE)

作者： Aijaz H. Lone Xuecui Zou Glen Isaac Maciel Garcia Xiaohang Li Hossein Fariborzi Electrical and Computer Engineering Division King Abdullah University of Science and Technology Saudi Physical Science and Engineering Division King Abdullah University of Science and Technology Saudi Arabia Electrical and Computer Engineering Division and Physical Science and Engineering Division King Abdullah University of Science and Technology Saudi Arabia

Skyrmionic devices are promising candidates for energy efficient and highly integrated data storage and computing applications, owing to their small size, topological protection, and low drive current. In this abstract we propose novel spin orbit torque (SOT) controlled skyrmion device structures and their application in neuromorphic computing. We propose a spin orbit torque-driven SOT skyrmion magnetic tunnel junction (MTJ) device showing Leaky Integrate and Fire (LIF) neuron behaviour, and a SOT-controlled MTJ synaptic device in which the skyrmion size depends on the thickness of the free layer. Furthermore, we implement the spiking neural network and artificial neural network based on these devices for MNIST data classification.

关键词： Torque Neuromorphic engineering Neurons Memory Artificial neural networks Orbits Micromagnetics

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Design and Analysis of SiN Optical Waveguide for 2D Beam Steering of small angle

Design and Analysis of SiN Optical Waveguide for 2D Beam Ste...

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OptoElectronics and Communications Conference, OECC

作者： Zhiwei Zhou Yoshikazu Shimeno Shotaro Kawai Takeo Maruyama Sicheng Lu Division of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Kanazawa University Kanazawa Japan

The purpose of this research is to address the issue of optical deflection angle in small magnetic devices, which can limit their effectiveness in various applications. To overcome this challenge, we propose using grating couplers to control the direction of light propagation. Specifically, we have developed a system that consists of 16 phase array grating couplers and 8 multimode interferometers (MMIs) that work together to achieve 2D beam steering. The researchers found that changing the wavelength by 50nm was enough to achieve 6.06° of 1D beam steering. By carefully manipulating the phase of the grating couplers, we were able to deflect the light from 0° to 1.75° of 2D beam steering, which could greatly enhance the performance of small magnetic devices.

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Push-Pull based Grid tied Micro inverter for Photovoltaic Applications

Push-Pull based Grid tied Micro inverter for Photovoltaic Ap...

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2023 IEEE International Conference on Power Electronics, Smart Grid, and Renewable Energy, PESGRE 2023

作者： Paul, Preenu Jose, Babita R Shahana, T.K. Abraham, Chikku Mathew, Jimson Sandeep, J. Cochin University of Science and Technology Division of Electronics School of Engineering Cochin India Muthoot Institute of Technology and Science Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering Ernakulam India Indian Institute of Technology Department of Computer Science and Engineering Patna India Sfo Technologies R & D Solutions Power Electronics Cochin India

ISBN: (纸本)9798350310573

This paper presents the harnessing of solar energy using a two-stage grid-tied micro inverter with an isolated high gain DC-DC converter as first stage and a single-phase grid tied inverter as second stage. High gain converter is implemented using a quasi-switched boost network, switched capacitor topology and push-pull circuit. High frequency transformer in first stage improves gain and provides isolation between solar Photovoltaic (PV) circuit and grid connection which add safety margins. Micro inverter topology, control logic for Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) and H - bridge inverter is presented. The operation of a 250 V micro inverter is verified using MATLAB Simulink tool. © 2023 IEEE.

关键词： Grid tied inverter Isolated DC-DC converters MPPT One cycle control Switched boost topology Switched capacitor

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Investigation on Structures of Axial Gap Type Magnetic Multiple Spur Gear for In-Wheel Motor System of Electric Vehicle

Investigation on Structures of Axial Gap Type Magnetic Multi...

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2023 IEEE Transportation Electrification Conference and Expo, Asia-Pacific, ITEC Asia-Pacific 2023

作者： Kamijo, Taiga Aiso, Kohei Akatsu, Kan Aoyama, Yasuaki Shibaura Institute of Technology Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Tokyo Japan Shibaura Institute of Technology Department of Electrical Engineering Tokyo Japan Yokohama National University Division of Intelligent Systems Engineering Department of Faculty of Engineering Yokohama Japan Center for Technology Innovation - Materials Hitachi Ltd. Research & Development Group Ibaraki Japan

ISBN: (纸本)9798350314274

A novel drive system using Magnetic Multiple Spur Gear (MMSG) and multiple high-speed motors is characterized by small size, lightweight, and high efficiency even at high-speed region, it is expected to apply to in-wheel motor systems. However, there is a risk of contact between the rotors when applied to in-wheel motor system. In this study, a novel axial-gap MMSG is proposed to solve this problem, stabilize the air gap between the high-speed and low-speed rotors, and effectively utilize the magnets, and its performance is evaluated by finite element analysis. © 2023 IEEE.

关键词： Electric vehicles

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SHIS: secure healthcare intelligent scheme in internet of multimedia vehicular environment

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Multimedia Tools and Applications 2024年第40期83卷 87781-87800页

作者： Mangla, Cherry Rani, Shalli Dhiman, Gaurav Chitkara University Institute of Engineering and Technology Chitkara University Punjab Rajpura140401 India Bikram Government College Punjab Patiala India Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Lebanese American University Byblos Lebanon Centre of Research Impact and Outcome Chitkara University Punjab Rajpura140417 India Division of Research and Development Lovely Professional University Phagwara144411 India Department of Computer Science and Engineering Graphic Era Deemed to be University Dehradun248002 India MEU research Unit Middle East University Amman Jordan

For providing a safe and secure healthcare environment in vehicular multimedia networks has been emerged as a promising area because of data exchange in multimedia format. Because of properties of Long Term Evolution (LTE) with low delay, high data rate, high mobility, an efficient safe environment can be provided to the in healthcare environment for multimedia content (images, audio, text, video). Despite these benefits, due to the high mobility and data transmission using an open channel, i.e., Internet, multimedia vehicular networks are facing many security breaches in recent years. The Internet of Multimedia Vehicular Environment calls for the establishment of a safe and intelligent healthcare system, and the proposed work problem lays the groundwork for those requirements. One of the security breaches is the Denial of Service (DoS) attack in healthcare. To mitigate this issue, in this paper, we propose, SHIS, a model for detection of Imposter location using two parameters (i) packet counter and (ii) average ratio of packet delivery. It helps to detect attacks faster in comparison to the existing approach (MEC-DoS) for healthcare data. We proposed SHIS to detect denial of service attack to find the location of malicious nodes in the multimedia network. Simulation results showed that SHIS outperformed the existing techniques as it has 20% improvement in detection of attacks as compared to the existing techniques. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2024.

关键词： Denial-of-service attack

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DrugEL: Ensemble Learning Model for Identification of Druggable Proteins

DrugEL: Ensemble Learning Model for Identification of Drugga...

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IEEE International Conference on Bioinformatics and Biomedicine (BIBM)

作者： Md. Mamun Ali Kawsar Ahmed Francis M. Bui Fang-Xiang Wu Division of Biomedical Engineering University of Saskatchewan Saskatoon Canada Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Saskatchewan Saskatoon Canada Department of Mechanical Engineering and Department of Computer Science Division of Biomedical Engineering University of Saskatchewan Saskatoon Canada

ISBN: (数字)9798350386226

ISBN: (纸本)9798350386233

Druggable proteins are defined as proteins that can interact with drugs to modulate certain biological activity. The identification of druggable proteins holds significant clinical importance, directly impacting the development of targeted therapies for diseases like cancer and metabolic disorders. Identifying druggable proteins involves various methods, including computational prediction models, mass spectrometry (MS), and biochemical assays, but achieving high accuracy remains a challenge. This study proposes DrugEL, an ensemble learning model that uses Bayesian inference to integrate predictions from multiple algorithms: Random Forest (RF), K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN), LightGBM (LGBM), and Decision Tree (DT) with seven feature extraction methods (LSA, AAC, PAAC, GAAC, NMBroto, AAIndex, and KNN). The results show that DrugEL outperforms existing models in terms of accuracy (0.9758), MCC (0.9515), AUC (0.9758), sensitivity (0.9742) and specificity (0.9774), particularly excelling with the LSA method.

关键词： Proteins Analytical models Accuracy Sensitivity Biological system modeling Computational modeling Nearest neighbor methods Predictive models Ensemble learning Random forests

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Multi-color solitons and frequency combs in microresonators

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Optics Express 2025年第10期33卷 21824-21835页

作者： Menyuk, Curtis R. Shandilya, Pradyoth Courtright, Logan Moille, Grégory Srinivasan, Kartik Computer Science and Electrical Engineering Department University of Maryland Baltimore County BaltimoreMD21250 United States Joint Quantum Institute NIST University of Maryland College ParkMD20742 United States Microsystems and Nanotechnology Division National Institute of Standards and Technology GaithersburgMD20899 United States

Multi-color solitons that are parametrically created in dual-pumped microresonators generate interleaved frequency combs that can be used to obtain combs at new frequencies and, when synchronized, can be used for low-noise microwave generation and potentially as an element in a chip-scale clockwork. Here, we first derive three-wave equations that describe multi-color solitons that appear in microresonators with a nearly quartic dispersion profile. These solitons are characterized by a single angular group velocity and different angular phase velocities. We then use these equations to explain the interleaved frequency combs that are observed at the output of the microresonator. Finally, we used these equations to describe the experimentally-observed soliton-OPO effect. In this effect, the pump frequency color interacts nonlinearly with a signal frequency color to create an idler frequency color in a new frequency range, somewhat analogous to an optical parametric oscillation (OPO) process, but in which the Kerr nonlinearity plays a role in matching the angular group velocity, analogous to soliton formation. These three colors then create an interleaved frequency comb in the output waveguide. We determine the conditions under which we expect this effect to occur. We anticipate that the three-wave equations and their extensions will be of use in designing new frequency comb systems and determining their stability and noise performance. © 2025 Optica Publishing Group under the terms of the Optica Open Access Publishing Agreement.

关键词： Solitons

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Efficient Service Differentiation and Energy Management in Hybrid WiFi/LiFi Networks

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Ihsan, Asim Asif, Muhammad Safi, Hossein Tavakkolnia, Iman Haas, Harald Electrical Engineering Division Department of Engineering University of Cambridge Cambridge United Kingdom School of Computer Science and Communication Engineering Jiangsu University Zhenjiang China

In this paper, we propose an innovative predict-and-optimize algorithm designed for hybrid WiFi/LiFi networks, aiming to achieve service differentiation while maximizing energy efficiency (EE). The proposed framework utilizes multi-access technology real-time intelligent controller (mATRIC) to dynamically predict the appropriate network slice for each user based on historically monitored key performance indicators (KPIs). This prediction is facilitated by a deep learning model trained using the resilient backpropagation algorithm, with training conducted on KPIs data at the universal non-real time RAN intelligent controller (non-RT RIC). This trained model enables real-time slice selection by mATRIC. In the subsequent phase, the algorithm focuses on optimizing EE of hybrid network as a function of precoding vectors for the predicted slices by employing techniques from sequential convex approximation and the inner approximation method. We introduce novel approximations to convert non-convex objective functions and constraints into convex forms, and develop an iterative algorithm to achieve sub-optimal solutions. Additionally, the EE maximization problem, ensures alignment with end-to-end latency requirements. It also addresses the various constraints inherent to hybrid systems, such as input signal limitations for LiFi LEDs, data rate restrictions, and power budget considerations. Simulation results validate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm, demonstrating significant improvements in EE while ensuring service differentiation within hybrid network environments. © 2025, CC BY.

关键词： Budget control

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Assessing aerosol effects on solar irradiance in the NEOM region with the WRF-solar model

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Bulletin of Atmospheric science and Technology 2025年第1期6卷 1-24页

作者： Choudhury, Devanil Computer Electrical Mathematical Sciences and Engineering Division King Abdullah University of Science and Technology Mecca Province Thuwal 23955 - 6900 Saudi Arabia National Centre for Medium Range Weather Forecasting A-50 Institutional Area Sector-62 Uttar Pradesh Noida 201309 India

This study demonstrates the usability of the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF)-Solar model, in predicting solar irradiance in the NEOM region of Saudi Arabia across different sky conditions. This research aims to enhance the accuracy of solar radiation forecasting by systematically evaluating the model's responses to external time-varying two-dimensional (2-D) aerosol optical depth (AOD) data at 550 nm under scenarios with varying cloud cover and aerosol levels. Through experiments representing distinct sky conditions, this study demonstrates consistent trends, with the control experiment (CTRL) consistently producing the highest Global Horizontal Irradiance (GHI) and Direct Normal Irradiance (DNI) due to lower representation of AOD in the model. Notably, experiments incorporating time-varying 2-D AOD from the Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service (CAMS) reanalysis outperform other experiments with NASA’s Modern-Era Retrospective Analysis for Research and Applications, version 2 (MERRA- 2) analysis, and climatological AOD datasets, particularly on overcast days. Model validation against observations from the Tabuk University station further substantiates these findings. Furthermore, experimental results highlight the importance of dynamic aerosol data over the climatological or no-aerosol data in improving the solar energy predictions, emphasizing the need for accurate representation of aerosol-cloud-radiation interactions in numerical models for precise solar irradiance forecasting. © The Author(s) 2025.

关键词： Aerosol-cloud-radiation interaction AOD CAMS MERRA- 2 Solar irradiance WRF-Solar

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