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IEEE Transactions on Artificial Intelligence 2024年第11期5卷 5733-5745页

作者： Tivive, Fok Hing Chi Bouzerdoum, Abdesselam Phung, Son Lam Le, Hoang Thanh Baali, Hamza University of Wollongong School of Electrical Computer and Telecommunications Engineering WollongongNSW2522 Australia Hamad Bin Khalifa University Information and Computing Technology Division College of Science and Engineering Doha Qatar

Image-based crowd counting has gained significant attention due to its widespread applications in security and surveillance. Recent advancements in deep learning have led to the development of numerous methods that have achieved remarkable success in accurately counting crowds. However, many of the existing deep learning methods, which have large model sizes, are unsuitable for deployment on edge devices. This article introduces a novel network architecture and processing element designed to create an efficient and compact deep learning model for crowd counting. The processing element, referred to as the shunting inhibitory neuron, generates complex decision boundaries, making it more powerful than the traditional perceptron. It is employed in both the encoder and decoder modules of the proposed model for feature extraction. Furthermore, the decoder includes alternating convolutional and transformer layers, which provide local receptive fields and global self-attention, respectively. This design captures rich contextual information that is used for generating accurate segmentation and density maps. The self-attention mechanism is implemented using convolution modulation instead of matrix multiplication to reduce computational costs. Experiments conducted on three challenging crowd counting datasets demonstrate that the proposed deep learning network, which comprises a small model size, achieves crowd counting performance comparable to that of state-of-the-art techniques. Codes are available at https://***/ftivive/SINet. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Deep learning

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Wide bandgap semiconductor-based integrated circuits

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Chip 2023年第4期2卷 105-132页

作者： Saravanan Yuvaraja Vishal Khandelwal Xiao Tang Xiaohang Li Advanced Semiconductor Laboratory(ASL) Electrical and Computer Engineering ProgramComputerElectrical and Mathematical Science&Engineering(CEMSE)DivisionKing Abdullah University of Science andTechnology(KAUST)Thuwal 23955-6900Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

Wide-bandgap semiconductors exhibit much larger energybandgaps than traditional semiconductors such as silicon,rendering them very promising to be applied in the fields of electronics and *** examples of semiconductors include SiC,GaN,ZnO,and diamond,which exhibitdistinctive characteristics such as elevated mobility and *** characteristics facilitate the operation of awide range of devices,including energy-efficient bipolar junctiontransistors(BJTs)and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effecttransistors(MOSFETs),as well as high-frequency high-electronmobility transistors(HEMTs)and optoelectronic components suchas light-emitting diodes(LEDs)and *** semiconductorsare used in building integrated circuits(ICs)to facilitate theoperation of power electronics,computer devices,RF systems,andother optoelectronic *** breakthroughs includevarious applications such as imaging,optical communication,*** them,the field of power electronics has witnessedtremendous progress in recent years with the development of widebandgap(WBG)semiconductor devices,which is capable ofswitching large currents and voltages rapidly with low ***,it has been proven challenging to integrate these deviceswith silicon complementary metal oxide semiconductor(CMOS)logic circuits required for complex control *** monolithic integration of silicon CMOS with WBG devices increases thecomplexity of fabricating monolithically integrated smart integrated circuits(ICs).This review article proposes implementingCMOS logic directly on the WBG platform as a ***,achieving the CMOS functionalities with the adoption of WBGmaterials still remains a significant *** article summarizesthe research progress in the fabrication of integrated circuitsadopting various WBG materials ranging from SiC to diamond,with the goal of building future smart power ICs.

关键词： Wide bandgap semiconductors Integrated circuits Transistors Power electronics

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Predicate encryption with selective-opening security for receivers: formal definition, generic construction, and concrete instantiations for several primitives

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Designs, Codes, and Cryptography 2024年第6期92卷 1477-1500页

作者： Tseng, Yi-Fan Liu, Zi-Yuan Tso, Raylin Department of Computer Science National Chengchi University Zhinan Rd. Taipei116011 Taiwan Division of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Kanazawa University Kakumamachi Ishikawa Kanazawa920-1192 Japan

With the rise of cloud computing, multi-user scenarios have become a common setting for data sharing nowadays. The conservative security notion might not be sufficient for such a data sharing model. As a response to this challenge, there has been significant research targeting security against receiver selective-opening (RSO) attacks. However, we found that none of these studies discuss RSO security specifically for predicate encryption (PE)—an encryption mechanism naturally designed for multi-user data sharing. This manuscript first formalizes the RSO security for PE. We then present a generic PE construction that achieves RSO security based on the simulation-based definition. Our work also features several instantiations for various predicate families, including attribute-based encryption for the monotone span program, which is known as one of the most expressive PE. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2024.

关键词： Access control

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Cache Allocation in Multi-Tenant Edge Computing: An Online Model-Based Reinforcement Learning Approach

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IEEE Transactions on Cloud Computing 2025年第2期13卷 459-472页

作者： Ben-Ameur, Ayoub Araldo, Andrea Chahed, Tijani Dán, György Institut Polytechnique de Paris SAMOVAR Telecom SudParis Palaiseau91120 France KTH Royal Institute of Technology Division of Network and Systems Engineering School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Stockholm11428 Sweden

We consider a Network Operator (NO) that owns Edge Computing (EC) resources, virtualizes them and lets third party Service Providers (SPs) run their services, using the allocated slice of resources. We focus on one specific resource, i.e., cache space, and on the problem of how to allocate it among several SPs in order to minimize the backhaul traffic. Due to confidentiality guarantees, the NO cannot observe the nature of the traffic of SPs, which is encrypted. Allocation decisions are thus challenging, since they must be taken solely based on observed monitoring information. Another challenge is that not all the traffic is cacheable. We propose a data-driven cache allocation strategy, based on Reinforcement Learning (RL). Unlike most RL applications, in which the decision policy is learned offline on a simulator, we assume no previous knowledge is available to build such a simulator. We thus apply RL in an online fashion, i.e., the model and the policy are learned by directly perturbing and monitoring the actual system. Since perturbations generate spurious traffic, we thus need to limit perturbations. This requires learning to be extremely efficient. To this aim, we devise a strategy that learns an approximation of the cost function, while interacting with the system. We then use such an approximation in a Model-Based RL (MB-RL) to speed up convergence. We prove analytically that our strategy brings cache allocation boundedly close to the optimum and stably remains in such an allocation. We show in simulations that such convergence is obtained within few minutes. We also study its fairness, its sensitivity to several scenario characteristics and compare it with a method from the state-of-the-art. © 2013 IEEE.

关键词： Contrastive Learning

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Perovskite Nanocrystal Based Plastic Optical Fiber Amplifier via Two-Photon Excitation

Perovskite Nanocrystal Based Plastic Optical Fiber Amplifier...

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2024 IEEE Photonics Conference, IPC 2024

作者： Wang, Yue Kang, Chun Hong Maity, Partha Ng, Tien Khee Mohammed, Omar F. Ooi, Boon S. Photonics Laboratory Division of Computer Electrical and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering Thuwal23955-6900 Saudi Arabia Advanced Membranes and Porous Materials Center Division of Physical Science and Engineering Thuwal23955-6900 Saudi Arabia

ISBN: (纸本)9798350361957

A plastic optical fiber amplifier coated with CsPbBr3 nanocrystals and pumped by an 800-nm Ti:Sapphire laser exhibited two-photon-excited amplified spontaneous emission with a 7.4-mJ/cm2 threshold and >10-dB optical gain in the green spectral range (520-540 nm) when incorporating a continuous-wave broadband signal. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Perovskite

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Adaptive Traffic Signal Control System Using Object Detection Based Approach 4

Adaptive Traffic Signal Control System Using Object Detectio...

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4th International Conference on Robotics, electrical and Signal Processing Techniques, ICREST 2025

作者： Khan, Irfan Hasan, Mehedi Islam, Shamsul Reza, Suman Reza, Tuhin Efaz, Erteza Tawsif Faridpur Engineering College Department of Computer Science & Engineering Faridpur Bangladesh Louisiana State University Division of Electrical & Computer Engineering Baton RougeLA United States

ISBN: (纸本)9798331530938

In Bangladesh, most four-legged intersections use a static-timed or manually-controlled traffic signaling approach, which creates irrefutable congestion and requires human involvement. This paper proposes an adaptive traffic control system utilizing the YOLO object detection framework within CNNs to address this issue. The system captures and frames images using cameras facing every road at a roundabout to detect and count vehicles in real-time for providing lights based on the traffic conditions, prioritizing emergency vehicles such as ambulances, firetrucks, and police-car while also maintaining queues. It sets the signal duration considering road condition. Using a dataset of 10,462 images across 12 classifications of automobiles and a transfer learning approach in YOLOv8, the model achieved a mAP50 score of 0.90. This automated method reasonably enhances traffic flow management by dynamically adjusting signal lights without human intervention. © 2025 IEEE.

关键词： Adaptive control systems

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Bayes and Biased Estimators Without Hyper-Parameter Estimation: Comparable Performance to the Empirical-Bayes-Based Regularized Estimator

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IEEE Control Systems Letters 2025年 9卷 294-299页

作者： Ju, Yue Wahlberg, Bo Hjalmarsson, Håkan KTH Royal Institute of Technology Division of Decision and Control Systems School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Stockholm 10044 Sweden

Regularized system identification has become a significant complement to more classical system identification. It has been numerically shown that kernel-based regularized estimators often perform better than the maximum likelihood estimator in terms of minimizing mean squared error (MSE). However, regularized estimators often require hyper-parameter estimation. This paper focuses on ridge regression and the regularized estimator by employing the empirical Bayes hyper-parameter estimator. We utilize the excess MSE to quantify the MSE difference between the empirical-Bayes-based regularized estimator and the maximum likelihood estimator for large sample sizes. We then exploit the excess MSE expressions to develop both a family of generalized Bayes estimators and a family of closed-form biased estimators. They have the same excess MSE as the empirical-Bayes-based regularized estimator but eliminate the need for hyper-parameter estimation. Moreover, we conduct numerical simulations to show that the performance of these new estimators is comparable to the empirical-Bayes-based regularized estimator, while computationally, they are more efficient. © 2017 IEEE.

关键词： asymptotic theory Bayes estimator biased estimator empirical Bayes hyper-parameter estimator ridge regression

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Photodiode and Analog-Front-End Circuit Design for Wearable Vital Sensing System with Fiber-Bragg-Grating Sensor

Photodiode and Analog-Front-End Circuit Design for Wearable ...

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2023 International Symposium on Devices, Circuits and Systems, ISDCS 2023

作者： Kano, Kaede Johguchi, Koh Graduare School of Science and Technology Shinshu University Electrical and Computer Engineering Division Department of Engineering Nagano Japan Shinshu University Electrical and Computer Engineering Division Faculty of Engineering Nagano Japan

ISBN: (纸本)9798350315042

A prototype of wearable vital sensing system has been developed with Fiber-Bragg-Gratings senor and 180-nm CMOS image sensor process chip. The system can acquire vital signs by capturing reflecting light with a photodiode. The designed test chip contains two types analog-front-end circuit. The feasibility for a vital sensing was verified with measurements with both of current-voltage conversion type and integral analog-to-digital convertor type. © 2023 IEEE.

关键词： Photodiodes

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Design and Analysis of SiN Optical Waveguide for 2D Beam Steering of small angle

Design and Analysis of SiN Optical Waveguide for 2D Beam Ste...

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2023 Opto-Electronics and Communications Conference, OECC 2023

作者： Zhou, Zhiwei Shimeno, Yoshikazu Kawai, Shotaro Maruyama, Takeo Lu, Sicheng Kanazawa University Division of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Kanazawa Japan

ISBN: (纸本)9781665462136

The purpose of this research is to address the issue of optical deflection angle in small magnetic devices, which can limit their effectiveness in various applications. To overcome this challenge, we propose using grating couplers to control the direction of light propagation. Specifically, we have developed a system that consists of 16 phase array grating couplers and 8 multimode interferometers (MMIs) that work together to achieve 2D beam steering. The researchers found that changing the wavelength by 50nm was enough to achieve 6.06° of 1D beam steering. By carefully manipulating the phase of the grating couplers, we were able to deflect the light from 0° to 1.75° of 2D beam steering, which could greatly enhance the performance of small magnetic devices. © 2023 IEEE.

关键词： Silicon nitride

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DrugEL: Ensemble Learning Model for Identification of Druggable Proteins

DrugEL: Ensemble Learning Model for Identification of Drugga...

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2024 IEEE International Conference on Bioinformatics and Biomedicine, BIBM 2024

作者： Ali, Md. Mamun Ahmed, Kawsar Bui, Francis M. Wu, Fang-Xiang University of Saskatchewan Division of Biomedical Engineering Saskatoon Canada University of Saskatchewan Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Saskatoon Canada University of Saskatchewan Division of Biomedical Engineering Department of Mechanical Engineering Department of Computer Science Saskatoon Canada

ISBN: (纸本)9798350386226

Druggable proteins are defined as proteins that can interact with drugs to modulate certain biological activity. The identification of druggable proteins holds significant clinical importance, directly impacting the development of targeted therapies for diseases like cancer and metabolic disorders. Identifying druggable proteins involves various methods, including computational prediction models, mass spectrometry (MS), and biochemical assays, but achieving high accuracy remains a challenge. This study proposes DrugEL, an ensemble learning model that uses Bayesian inference to integrate predictions from multiple algorithms: Random Forest (RF), K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN), LightGBM (LGBM), and Decision Tree (DT) with seven feature extraction methods (LSA, AAC, PAAC, GAAC, NMBroto, AAIndex, and KNN). The results show that DrugEL outperforms existing models in terms of accuracy (0.9758), MCC (0.9515), AUC (0.9758), sensitivity (0.9742) and specificity (0.9774), particularly excelling with the LSA method. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Contrastive Learning

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