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arXiv 2025年

作者： Khan, Nasir Abdallah, Asmaa Celik, Abdulkadir Eltawil, Ahmed M. Coleri, Sinem Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering Koc University Istanbul Turkey Computer Electrical and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering Division King Abdullah University of Science and Technology Thuwal23955 Saudi Arabia

Artificial intelligence (AI) is expected to significantly enhance radio resource management (RRM) in sixth-generation (6G) networks. However, the lack of explainability in complex deep learning (DL) models poses a challenge for practical implementation. This paper proposes a novel explainable AI (XAI)based framework for feature selection and model complexity reduction in a model-agnostic manner. Applied to a multi-agent deep reinforcement learning (MADRL) setting, our approach addresses the joint sub-band assignment and power allocation problem in cellular vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communications. We propose a novel two-stage systematic explainability framework leveraging feature relevance-oriented XAI to simplify the DRL agents. While the former stage generates a state feature importance ranking of the trained models using Shapley additive explanations (SHAP)-based importance scores, the latter stage exploits these importance-based rankings to simplify the state space of the agents by removing the least important features from the model’s input. Simulation results demonstrate that the XAI-assisted methodology achieves ∼97% of the original MADRL sum-rate performance while reducing optimal state features by ∼28%, average training time by ∼11%, and trainable weight parameters by ∼46% in a network with eight vehicular pairs. Copyright © 2025, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Deep reinforcement learning

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A 270 fJ/op 5.8 GHz MOS Current Mode Logic D-Latch for High-Speed Application

A 270 fJ/op 5.8 GHz MOS Current Mode Logic D-Latch for High-...

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Ph.D. Research in Microelectronics and Electronics (PRIME)

作者： Abdullah Alshehri Abdullah Alqarni Kuilian Yang Hossein Fariborzi Computer Electrical and Mathematical Science & Engineering Division King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) Thuwal Saudi Arabia Computer Electrical and Mathematical Science & Engineering Division Electronics and Communication Engineering Umm Al-Qura University Al-Leith Saudi Arabia

In this paper, we present the design of a new low-power, high-performance MOS Current Mode Logic (MCML) D-Latch. The proposed design consists of cross-coupled transistors which dynamically control the load resistance and eliminate static power dissipation. The performance of the design was improved by reducing the threshold voltage of the input transistors at the critical phase to switch them ON faster using the clocked-driven forward body biasing technique. The proposed design achieves an energy improvement of 54% and 49% and a performance improvement of 20% and 43% compared to the Folded and Folded (DTMOS) D-Latches, respectively. The designs were simulated on Cadence Virtuoso ADE tool using 40 nm technology TSMC PDK. Moreover, the proposed design provides higher output voltage swing and is less sensitive to the change of load capacitance compared to the other designs.

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Efficient Multiparty Entanglement Distribution with DODAG-X Protocol

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Negrin, Roberto Dirnegger, Nicolas Munizzi, William Talukdar, Jugal Narang, Prineha Division of Physical Sciences College of Letters and Science University of California Los Angeles United States Electrical and Computer Engineering Department University of California Los Angeles United States

In this work we introduce the DODAG-X protocol for multipartite entanglement distribution in quantum networks. Leveraging the power of Destination Oriented Directed Acyclic Graphs (DODAGs), our protocol optimizes resource consumption and enhances robustness to noise in dynamic and lossy networks. Implementing a variation on the X-protocol within the DODAG, we minimize graph verification and path-finding calculations, significantly reducing computational overhead when compared to other entanglement routing schemes. Additionally, our benchmarks on grid lattice and small-world topologies reveal substantial measurement reduction compared to existing protocols. We demonstrate the success of DODAG-X for generating maximal three-party entanglement in arbitrary networks, and describe the potential for scaling to generic n-party entanglement. The DODAG-X protocol provides a scalable and efficient solution for entanglement routing, advancing current techniques for reliable quantum communication and network applications. © 2024, CC BY.

关键词： Quantum communication

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POLITE: Preferences Combined with Highlights in Reinforcement Learning

POLITE: Preferences Combined with Highlights in Reinforcemen...

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IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation (ICRA)

作者： Simon Holk Daniel Marta Iolanda Leite Division of Robotics Perception and Learning School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science KTH Royal Institute of Technology Stockholm Sweden

ISBN: (数字)9798350384574

ISBN: (纸本)9798350384581

Many solutions to address the challenge of robot learning have been devised, namely through exploring novel ways for humans to communicate complex goals and tasks in reinforcement learning (RL) setups. One way that experienced recent research interest directly addresses the problem by considering human feedback as preferences between pairs of trajectories (sequences of state-action pairs). However, when simply attributing a single preference to a pair of trajectories that contain many agglomerated steps, key pieces of information are lost in the process. We amplify the initial definition of preferences to account for highlights: state-action pairs of relatively high information (high/low reward) within a preferred trajectory. To include the additional information, we design novel regularization methods within a preference learning framework. To this extent, we present our method which is able to greatly reduce the necessary amount of preferences, by permitting the highlighting of favoured trajectories, in order to reduce the entropy of the credit assignment. We show the effectiveness of our work in both simulation and a user study, which analyzes the feedback given and its implications. We also use the total collected feedback to train a robot policy for socially compliant trajectories in a simulated social navigation environment. We release code and video examples at https://***/view/rl-polite

关键词： Codes Shape Navigation Design methodology Reinforcement learning Robot learning Entropy

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A Multi-Armed Bandit Approach for User-Target Pairing in NOMA-Aided ISAC

A Multi-Armed Bandit Approach for User-Target Pairing in NOM...

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IEEE International Symposium on Personal, Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications (PIMRC)

作者： Ahmed Nasser Abdulkadir Celik Ahmed M. Eltawil Computer Electrical and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering (CEMSE) Division at King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) Thuwal KSA

ISBN: (数字)9798350362244

ISBN: (纸本)9798350362251

In this paper, we propose a robust interference management approach for the integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) system that employs non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) for multiplexing. Our proposed approach effectively addresses interference challenges by optimizing the pairing of communication users (CUs) and radar targets (RTs) while simultaneously designing receiving beamformers. These optimizations aim to maximize the combined utility of communication rates and the radar estimation information rate (REIR), inherently constituting a challenging non-convex combinatorial problem. To tackle this intricate problem, we employ the upper confidence bound (UCB) algorithm, a powerful online learning technique rooted in multi-armed bandit (MAB) theory. Along with UCB, we harness zeroforcing beamforming to optimize the receiving beamformer. The numerical results underscore the importance of CU-RT pairing, with a $65 \%$ average performance improvement over traditional NOMA-ISAC and OMA-ISAC, close to the exhaustive search performance by only $2 \%$. It also substantially reduces complexity, with about $90 \%$ less computational complexity than exhaustive search.

关键词： Multiplexing NOMA Simulation Interference Radar Integrated sensing and communication Copper Optimization Land mobile radio Information rates

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Bayesian hypergame approach to equilibrium stability and robustness in moving target defense 63

Bayesian hypergame approach to equilibrium stability and rob...

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63rd IEEE Conference on Decision and Control, CDC 2024

作者： Zhang, Hanzheng Cheng, Zhaoyang Chen, Guanpu Johansson, Karl Henrik Shanghai Research Institute for Autonomous Intelligent Systems Tongji University Shanghai China University of Chinese Academy of Science Academy of Mathematics and System Science Chinese Academy of Science Beijing China Kth Royal Institute of Technology and the Digital Futures Division of Decision and Control Systems School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Stockholm Sweden

ISBN: (纸本)9798350316339

We investigate the equilibrium stability and robustness in a class of moving target defense problems, in which players have both incomplete information and asymmetric cognition. We first establish a Bayesian Stackelberg game model for incomplete information and then employ a hypergame reformulation to address asymmetric cognition. With the core concept of the hyper Bayesian Nash equilibrium (HBNE), a condition for achieving both the strategic and cognitive stability in equilibria can be realized by solving linear equations. Moreover, to deal with players' underlying perturbed knowledge, we study the equilibrium robustness by presenting a condition of robust HBNE under the given configuration. Experiments evaluate our theoretical results. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Hierarchical systems

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Approximation of arbitrarily high-order PDEs by first-order hyperbolic relaxation

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Ketcheson, David I. Biswas, Abhijit Computer Electrical and Mathematical Sciences & Engineering Division King Abdullah University of Science and Technology Thuwal23955 Saudi Arabia

We present a framework for constructing a first-order hyperbolic system whose solution approximates that of a desired higher-order evolution equation. Constructions of this kind have received increasing interest in recent years, and are potentially useful as either analytical or computational tools for understanding the corresponding higher-order equation. We perform a systematic analysis of a family of linear model equations and show that for each member of this family there is a stable hyperbolic approximation whose solution converges to that of the model equation in a certain limit. We then show through several examples that this approach can be applied successfully to a very wide range of nonlinear PDEs of practical interest. Copyright © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

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Non-Smooth Control Barrier Functions for Stochastic Dynamical Systems

Non-Smooth Control Barrier Functions for Stochastic Dynamica...

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European Control Conference (ECC)

作者： Matti Vahs Jana Tumova Division of Robotics Perception and Learning School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science KTH Royal Institute of Technology Stockholm Sweden

ISBN: (数字)9783907144107

ISBN: (纸本)9798331540920

Uncertainties arising in various control systems, such as robots that are subject to unknown disturbances or environmental variations, pose significant challenges for ensuring system safety, such as collision avoidance. At the same time, safety specifications are getting more and more complex, e.g., by composing multiple safety objectives through Boolean operators resulting in non-smooth descriptions of safe sets. Control Barrier Functions (CBFs) have emerged as a control technique to provably guarantee system safety. In most settings, they rely on an assumption of having deterministic dynamics and smooth safe sets. This paper relaxes these two assumptions by extending CBFs to encompass control systems with stochastic dynamics and safe sets defined by non-smooth functions. By explicitly considering the stochastic nature of system dynamics and accommodating complex safety specifications, our method enables the design of safe control strategies in uncertain and complex systems. We provide formal guarantees on the safety of the system by leveraging the theoretical foundations of stochastic CBFs and non-smooth safe sets. Numerical simulations demonstrate the effectiveness of the approach in various scenarios.

关键词： Uncertainty System dynamics Design methodology Europe Control systems Numerical simulation Safety

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Real-time Hybrid System Identification with Online Deterministic Annealing

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Mavridis, Christos N. Johansson, Karl Henrik Division of Decision and Control Systems School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science KTH Royal Institute of Technology Stockholm Sweden

We introduce a real-time identification method for discrete-time state-dependent switching systems in both the input-output and state-space domains. In particular, we design a system of adaptive algorithms running in two timescales;a stochastic approximation algorithm implements an online deterministic annealing scheme at a slow timescale and estimates the mode-switching signal, and an recursive identification algorithm runs at a faster timescale and updates the parameters of the local models based on the estimate of the switching signal. We first focus on piece-wise affine systems and discuss identifiability conditions and convergence properties based on the theory of two-timescale stochastic approximation. In contrast to standard identification algorithms for switched systems, the proposed approach gradually estimates the number of modes and is appropriate for real-time system identification using sequential data acquisition. The progressive nature of the algorithm improves computational efficiency and provides real-time control over the performance-complexity trade-off. Finally, we address specific challenges that arise in the application of the proposed methodology in identification of more general switching systems. Simulation results validate the efficacy of the proposed methodology. © 2024, CC BY.

关键词： Stochastic systems

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Quantum Hardware Roofline: Evaluating the Impact of Gate Expressivity on Quantum Processor Design

Quantum Hardware Roofline: Evaluating the Impact of Gate Exp...

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Quantum Computing and engineering (QCE), IEEE International Conference on

作者： Justin Kalloor Mathias Weiden Ed Younis John Kubiatowicz Bert De Jong Costin Iancu Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science University of California Berkeley Computational Research Division Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory

ISBN: (数字)9798331541378

ISBN: (纸本)9798331541385

The design space of current quantum computers is expansive, with no obvious winning solution, leaving practitioners with a crucial question: “What is the optimal system configuration to run an algorithm?” This paper explores hardware design trade-offs across NISQ systems to better guide algorithm and hardware development. Algorithmic workloads and fidelity models drive the evaluation to appropriately capture architectural features such as gate expressivity, fidelity, and crosstalk. As a result of our analysis, we extend the criteria for gate design and selection from only maximizing average fidelity to a more comprehensive approach that additionally considers expressivity with respect to algorithm structures. A custom synthesis-driven compilation workflow that produces minimal circuit representations for a given system configuration drives our methodology and allows us to analyze any gate set effectively. In this work, we focus on native entangling gates (CNOT, ECR, CZ, ZZ, XX, Sycamore, √iSWAP), proposed gates (B Gate, 4 √CNOT, - 8 √CNOT), as well as parameterized gates (FSim, XY). By providing a method to evaluate the suitability of algorithms for hardware platforms, this work emphasizes the importance of hardware-software codesign for quantum computing.

关键词： Quantum system Quantum computing Computational modeling Logic gates Parallel processing Benchmark testing Hardware Circuit synthesis Topology Integrated circuit modeling

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