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Being practical (review of "practical microwave circuits;mass,s.a.;2014" [book/software reviews]

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IEEE Microwave Magazine 2015年第5期16卷 108-110页

作者： Alfy Riddle Computer Electrical and Mathematical Science and Engineering (CEMSE) Division King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) Makkah Province Saudi Arabia

This book is about the experiences of the author in the area of microwave circuit design. The eight chapters progress logically from transmission line basics to active circuits with quadrature coupling or balanced operation. The first chapter begins with the basic equations of voltages and currents propagating on a transmission line. The second chapter is a tour of modes, focusing on coupled lines. The third chapter is about S-parameters. The book contains many jewels of understanding, and the discussion of internal versus external stability is very helpful. The next two chapters focus on circuit analysis and element modeling. These two chapters explain the fundamentals of modern computer analysis and the The final two chapters of the book cover active two ports and circuits coupled by hybrid networks.

关键词： Book reviews Microwave circuits Integrated circuit modeling Microwave imaging Microwave amplifiers

TeV emission of Galactic plane sources with HAWC and H.E.S.S

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arXiv 2021年

作者： Abdalla, H. Aharonian, F. Ait Benkhali, F. Anguner, E.O. Arcaro, C. Armand, C. Armstrong, T. Ashkar, H. Backes, M. Baghmanyan, V. Barbosa Martins, V. Barnacka, A. Barnard, M. Becherini, Y. Berge, D. Bernlohr, K. Bi, B. Bottcher, M. Boisson, C. Bolmont, J. De Lavergne, M. de Bony Breuhaus, M. Brose, R. Brun, F. Brun, P. Bryan, M. Buchele, M. Bulik, T. Bylund, T. Caroff, S. Carosi, A. Chand, T. Chandra, S. Chen, A. Cotter, G. Curylo, M. Damascene Mbarubucyeye, J. Davids, I.D. Davies, J. Deil, C. Devin, J. Dirson, L. Djannati-Atai, A. Dmytriiev, A. Donath, A. Doroshenko, V. Dreyer, L. Duffy, C. Dyks, J. Egberts, K. Eichhorn, F. Einecke, S. Emery, G. Ernenwein, J.-P. Feijen, K. Fegan, S. Fiasson, A. De Clairfontaine, G. Fichet Fontaine, G. Funk, S. Fuyling, M. Gabici, S. Gallant, Y.A. Giavitto, G. Giunti, L. Glawion, D. Glicenstein, J.F. Gottschall, D. Grondin, M.-H. Hahn, J. Haupt, M. Hermann, G. Hinton, J.A. Hofmann, W. Hoischen, C. Holch, T.L. Holler, M. Horbe, M. Horns, D. Huber, D. Jamrozy, M. Jankowsky, D. Jankowsky, F. Jung-Richardt, I. Kasai, E. Kastendieck, M.A. Katarzynski, K. Katz, U. Khangulyan, D. Khelifi, B. Klepser, S. Kluzniak, W. Komin, Nu. Konno, R. Kosack, K. Kostunin, D. Kreter, M. Lamanna, G. Lemiere, A. Lemoine-Goumard, M. Lenain, J.-P. Leuschner, F. Levy, C. Lohse, T. Lypova, I. Mackey, J. Majumdar, J. Malyshev, D. Marandon, V. Marchegiani, P. Marcowith, A. Mares, A. Marti-Devesa, G. Marx, R. Maurin, G. Meintjes, P.J. Meyer, M. Mitchell, A.M.W. Moderski, R. Mohrmann, L. Montanari, A. Moore, C. Morris, P. Moulin, E. Muller, J. Murach, T. Nakashima, K. Nayerhoda, A. De Naurois, M. Ndiyavala, H. Niemiec, J. Oakes, L. O'Brien, P. Odaka, H. Ohm, S. Olivera-Nieto, L. De Ona Wilhelmi, E. Ostrowski, M. Panny, S. Panter, M. Parsons, R.D. Peron, G. Peyaud, B. Piel, Q. Pita, S. Poireau, V. Priyana Noel, A. Prokhorov, D.A. Prokoph, H. Puhlhofer, G. Punch, M. Quirrenbach, A. Raab, S. Rauth, R. Reichherzer, P. Reimer, A. University of Namibia Department of Physics Private Bag 13301 Windhoek10005 Namibia Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies 31 Fitzwilliam Place Dublin 2 Ireland Max-Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics HeidelbergD-69117 Germany High Energy Astrophysics Laboratory RAU 123 Hovsep Emin Street Yerevan0051 Armenia Aix Marseille Université CNRS/IN2P3 CPPM Marseille France Centre for Space Research North-West University Potchefstroom2520 South Africa Laboratoire d'Annecy de Physique des Particules Université Grenoble Alpes Université Savoie Mont Blanc CNRS LAPP AnnecyF-74000 France University of Oxford Department of Physics Denys Wilkinson Building Keble Road OxfordOX1 3RH United Kingdom IRFU CEA Université Paris-Saclay Gif-sur-YvetteF-91191 France Instytut Fizyki Jądrowej PAN ul. Radzikowskiego 152 Kraków31-342 Poland DESY ZeuthenD-15738 Germany Obserwatorium Astronomiczne Uniwersytet Jagiellonski ul. Orla 171 Kraków30-244 Poland Department of Physics and Electrical Engineering Linnaeus University Växjö351 95 Sweden Institut für Astronomie und Astrophysik Universität Tübingen Sand 1 TübingenD-72076 Germany Laboratoire Univers et Théories Observatoire de Paris Université PSL CNRS Université de Paris MeudonF-92190 France Sorbonne Université Université Paris Diderot Sorbonne Paris Cité CNRS/IN2P3 Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies LPNHE 4 Place Jussieu ParisF-75252 France GRAPPA Anton Pannekoek Institute for Astronomy University of Amsterdam Science Park 904 Amsterdam1098 XH Netherlands Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics Erwin-Rommel-Straße 1 ErlangenD-91058 Germany Astronomical Observatory The University of Warsaw Al. Ujazdowskie 4 Warsaw00-478 Poland School of Physics University of the Witwatersrand 1 Jan Smuts Avenue Braamfontein Johannesburg2050 South Africa Université de Paris CNRS Astroparticule et Cosmologie ParisF-75013 France Univers

The High Altitude Water Cherenkov (HAWC) observatory and the High Energy Stereoscopic System (H.E.S.S.) are two leading instruments in the ground-based very-high-energy gamma-ray domain. HAWC employs the water Cherenkov detection (WCD) technique, while H.E.S.S. is an array of Imaging Atmospheric Cherenkov Telescopes (IACTs). The two facilities therefore differ in multiple aspects including their observation strategy, the size of their field of view and their angular resolution, leading to different analysis approaches. Until now, it has been unclear if the results of observations by both types of instruments are consistent: several of the recently discovered HAWC sources have been followed up by IACTs, resulting in a confirmed detection only in a minority of cases. With this paper, we go further and try to resolve the tensions between previous results by performing a new analysis of the H.E.S.S. Galactic plane survey data, applying an analysis technique comparable between H.E.S.S. and HAWC. Events above 1 TeV are selected for both datasets, the point spread function of H.E.S.S. is broadened to approach that of HAWC, and a similar background estimation method is used. This is the first detailed comparison of the Galactic plane observed by both instruments. H.E.S.S. can confirm the γ-ray emission of four HAWC sources among seven previously undetected by IACTs, while the three others have measured fluxes below the sensitivity of the H.E.S.S. dataset. Remaining differences in the overall γ-ray flux can be explained by the systematic uncertainties. Therefore, we confirm a consistent view of the γ-ray sky between WCD and IACT techniques. © 2021, CC BY.

关键词： Gamma rays

Search for low-mass dark matter with CDMSlite using a profile likelihood fit

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arXiv 2018年

作者： Agnese, R. Aralis, T. Aramaki, T. Arnquist, I.J. Azadbakht, E. Baker, W. Banik, S. Barker, D. Bauer, D.A. Binder, T. Bowles, M.A. Brink, P.L. Bunker, R. Cabrera, B. Calkins, R. Cameron, R.A. Cartaro, C. Cerdeño, D.G. Chang, Y.-Y. Cooley, J. Cornell, B. Cushman, P. de Brienne, F. Doughty, T. Fascione, E. Figueroa-Feliciano, E. Fink, C.W. Fritts, M. Gerbier, G. Germond, R. Ghaith, M. Golwala, S.R. Harris, H.R. Herbert, N. Hong, Z. Hoppe, E.W. Hsu, L. Huber, M.E. Iyer, V. Jardin, D. Jastram, A. Jena, C. Kelsey, M.H. Kennedy, A. Kubik, A. Kurinsky, N.A. Lawrence, R.E. Loer, B. Lopez Asamar, E. Lukens, P. MacDonell, D. Mahapatra, R. Mandic, V. Mast, N. Miller, E. Mirabolfathi, N. Mohanty, B. Morales Mendoza, J.D. Nelson, J. Neog, H. Orrell, J.L. Oser, S.M. Page, W.A. Partridge, R. Pepin, M. Ponce, F. Poudel, S. Pyle, M. Qiu, H. Rau, W. Reisetter, A. Ren, R. Reynolds, T. Roberts, A. Robinson, A.E. Rogers, H.E. Saab, T. Sadoulet, B. Sander, J. Scarff, A. Schnee, R.W. Scorza, S. Senapati, K. Serfass, B. Speller, D. Stanford, C. Stein, M. Street, J. Tanaka, H.A. Toback, D. Underwood, R. Villano, A.N. von Krosigk, B. Watkins, S.L. Wilson, J.S. Wilson, M.J. Winchell, J. Wright, D.H. Yellin, S. Young, B.A. Zhang, X. Zhao, X. Division of Physics Mathematics & Astronomy California Institute of Technology PasadenaCA91125 United States Department of Physics Durham University DurhamDH1 3LE United Kingdom Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory BataviaIL60510 United States Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory BerkeleyCA94720 United States School of Physical Sciences National Institute of Science Education and Research HBNI Jatni752050 India Department of Physics & Astronomy Northwestern University EvanstonIL60208-3112 United States Pacific Northwest National Laboratory RichlandWA99352 United States Department of Physics Queen’s University KingstonONK7L 3N6 Canada Department of Physics Santa Clara University Santa ClaraCA95053 United States SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology Menlo ParkCA94025 United States SNOLAB Creighton Mine #9 1039 Regional Road 24 SudburyONP3Y 1N2 Canada Department of Physics South Dakota School of Mines and Technology Rapid CitySD57701 United States Department of Physics Southern Methodist University DallasTX75275 United States Department of Physics Stanford University StanfordCA94305 United States Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Texas A&M University College StationTX77843 United States Department of Physics and Astronomy Mitchell Institute for Fundamental Physics and Astronomy Texas A&M University College StationTX77843 United States Instituto de Física Teórica UAM/CSIC Universidad Autónoma de Madrid Madrid28049 Spain Département de Physique Université de Montréal MontréalQCH3C 3J7 Canada Department of Physics & Astronomy University of British Columbia VancouverBCV6T 1Z1 Canada Department of Physics University of California BerkeleyCA94720 United States Department of Physics University of Colorado Denver DenverCO80217 United States Department of Electrical Engineering University of Colorado Denver DenverCO80217 United States Department

The Cryogenic Dark Matter Search low ionization threshold experiment (CDMSlite) searches for interactions between dark matter particles and germanium nuclei in cryogenic detectors. The experiment has achieved a low energy threshold with improved sensitivity to low-mass (2) dark matter particles. We present an analysis of the final CDMSlite data set, taken with a different detector than was used for the two previous CDMSlite data sets. This analysis includes a data "salting" method to protect against bias, improved noise discrimination, background modeling, and the use of profile likelihood methods to search for a dark matter signal in the presence of backgrounds. We achieve an energy threshold of 70 eV and significantly improve the sensitivity for dark matter particles with masses between 2.5 and 10 GeV/c2 compared to previous analyses. We set an upper limit on the dark matter-nucleon scattering cross section in germanium of 5.4×10−42 cm2 at 5 GeV/c2, a factor of ∼2.5 improvement over the previous CDMSlite result. Copyright © 2018, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Cryogenics

Production rate measurement of tritium and other cosmogenic isotopes in germanium with CDMslite

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arXiv 2018年

作者： Agnese, R. Aralis, T. Aramaki, T. Arnquist, I.J. Azadbakht, E. Baker, W. Banik, S. Barker, D. Bauer, D.A. Binder, T. Bowles, M.A. Brink, P.L. Bunker, R. Cabrera, B. Calkins, R. Cartaro, C. Cerdeño, D.G. Chang, Y.-Y. Cooley, J. Cornell, B. Cushman, P. Doughty, T. Fascioneo, E. Figueroa-Feliciano, E. Fink, C.W. Fritts, M. Gerbier, G. Germond, R. Ghaith, M. Golwala, S.R. Harris, H.R. Hong, Z. Hoppe, E.W. Hsu, L. Huber, M.E. Iyer, V. Jardin, D. Jastram, A. Jena, C. Kelsey, M.H. Kennedy, A. Kubik, A. Kurinsky, N.A. Lawrence, R.E. Loer, B. Asamar, E. Lopez Lukens, P. MacDonell, D. Mahapatra, R. Mandic, V. Mast, N. Miller, E. Mirabolfathi, N. Mohanty, B. Mendoza, J.D. Morales Nelson, J. Orrell, J.L. Oser, S.M. Page, W.A. Partridge, R. Pepin, M. Ponce, F. Poudel, S. Pyle, M. Qiu, H. Rau, W. Reisetter, A. Ren, R. Reynolds, T. Roberts, A. Robinson, A.E. Rogers, H.E. Saab, T. Sadoulet, B. Sander, J. Scarff, A. Schnee, R.W. Scorza, S. Senapati, K. Serfass, B. Speller, D. Stein, M. Street, J. Tanaka, H.A. Toback, D. Underwood, R. Villano, A.N. von Krosigk, B. Watkins, S.L. Wilson, J.S. Wilson, M.J. Winchell, J. Wright, D.H. Yellin, S. Young, B.A. Zhang, X. Zhao, X. Department of Physics University of Florida GainesvilleFL32611 United States Division of Physics Mathematics & Astronomy California Institute of Technology PasadenaCA91125 United States SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology Menlo ParkCA94025 United States Pacific Northwest National Laboratory RichlandWA99352 United States Department of Physics and Astronomy Mitchell Institute for Fundamental Physics and Astronomy Texas A&M University College StationTX77843 United States School of Physical Sciences National Institute of Science Education and Research HBNI Jatni752050 India School of Physics & Astronomy University of Minnesota MinneapolisMN55455 United States Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory BataviaIL60510 United States Department of Physics University of South Dakota VermillionSD57069 United States Department of Physics South Dakota School of Mines and Technology Rapid CitySD57701 United States Department of Physics Stanford University StanfordCA94305 United States Department of Physics Southern Methodist University DallasTX75275 United States Department of Physics Durham University DurhamDH1 3LE United Kingdom Instituto de Física Teórica UAM CSIC Universidad Autónoma de Madrid Madrid28049 Spain Department of Physics Queen’s University KingstonONK7L 3N6 Canada Department of Physics University of California BerkeleyCA94720 United States Department of Physics & Astronomy Northwestern University EvanstonIL60208-3112 United States Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Texas A&M University College StationTX77843 United States Department of Physics University of Colorado Denver DenverCO80217 United States Department of Electrical Engineering University of Colorado Denver DenverCO80217 United States Department of Physics & Astronomy University of British Columbia VancouverBCV6T 1Z1 Canada TRIUMF VancouverBCV6T 2A3 Canada Department of Physics

Future direct searches for low-mass dark matter particles with germanium detectors, such as SuperCDMS SNOLAB, are expected to be limited by backgrounds from radioactive isotopes activated by cosmogenic radiation inside the germanium. There are limited experimental data available to constrain production rates and a large spread of theoretical predictions. We examine the calculation of expected production rates, and analyze data from the second run of the CDMS low ionization threshold experiment (CDMSlite) to estimate the rates for several isotopes. We model the measured CDMSlite spectrum and fit for contributions from tritium and other isotopes. Using the knowledge of the detector history, these results are converted to cosmogenic production rates at sea level. The production rates in atoms/(kg·day) are 74 ±9 for 3H, 1.5 ±0.7 for 55Fe, 17 ±5 for 65Zn, and 30 ±18 for 68Ge. Copyright © 2018, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Tritium

Multi-port characterization of vias using indirect contact probing method

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Multi-port characterization of vias using indirect contact p...

Asia-Pacific Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility (APEMC)

作者： Jongwoo Jeong Jingook Kim No-Weon Kang Ki Jin Han School of Electrical and Computer Engineering Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology Ulsan Korea Division of Physical Metrology Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science Daejeon Korea

In this paper, an indirect contact probing method is presented to characterize vertical interconnects. By adopting a dielectric contactor, the indirect contact probing protects interconnects from the direct-contact of probe tips. Also, the dielectric contactor improves the measurement sensitivity. Moreover, providing the constant gap of the contactor omits additional control and sensor electronics. The procedure for the proposed method starts with one-port calibration enabling the dielectric contactor between the probe pads and the device-under-tests (DUT) characterized. Next, the indirect-contact measurement on the DUT is conducted. The DUT is finally extracted from de-embedding the dielectric contactor layer. We extend the proposed method from a single pair of vias to multiple vias, and multi-port network extraction to obtain coupling between vias is also carried out. In simulations the proposed method for a single pair of vias characterizes the vias from 0.8 GHz to 30 GHz, and for multi-via testing and multi-port extraction from 0.8 GHz to around 25 GHz. We have verified all via defects can be successfully identified from the indirect contact probing method.

关键词： Dielectrics Calibration Dielectric measurement Couplings Testing Contacts Sockets

QDB: A new database of plasma chemistries and reactions

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arXiv 2017年

作者： Tennyson, Jonathan Rahimi, Sara Hill, Christian Tse, Lisa Vibhakar, Anuradha Akello-Egwel, Dolica Brown, Daniel B. Dzarasova, Anna Hamilton, James R. Jaksch, Dagmar Mohr, Sebastian Wren-Little, Keir Bruckmeier, Johannes Agarwal, Ankur Bartschat, Klaus Bogaerts, Annemie Booth, Jean-Paul Goeckner, Matthew J. Hassouni, Khaled Itikawa, Yukikazu Braams, Bastiaan J. Krishnakumar, E. Laricchiuta, Annarita Mason, Nigel J. Pandey, Sumeet Petrovic, Zoran Lj. Pu, Yi-Kang Ranjan, Alok Rauf, Shahid Schulze, Julian Turner, Miles M. Ventzek, Peter Whitehead, J. Christopher Yoon, Jung-Sik Department of Physics and Astronomy University College London Gower St. LondonWC1E 6BT United Kingdom Quantemol Ltd. University College London Gower St. LondonWC1E 6BT United Kingdom Infineon Technologies AG Applied Materials Inc. 974 E. Arques Avenue SunnyvaleCA94085 United States Department of Physics and Astronomy Drake University IA50311 United States Research group PLASMANT University of Antwerp Belgium Laboratoire de Physique des Plasmas Ecole Polytechnique Palaiseau France Department of Physics University of Texas at Dallas RichardsonTX78080 United States CNRS-INSIS France Institute of Space and Astronautical Science Sagamihara Japan Atomic and Molecular Data Unit Division of Physical and Chemical Sciences International Atomic Energy Agency Vienna Austria Natural Sciences Faculty Tata Institute of Fundamental Research Mumbai India PLASMI Lab CNR NANOTEC Bari Italy Department of Physical Sciences Open University United Kingdom Micron Technology Inc. United States Institute of Physics University of Belgrade Serbia Department of Engineering Physics Tsinghua University Beijing China TEL Technology Center America LLC United States Applied Materials Inc. United States Institute for Electrical Engineering Ruhr-University Bochum Germany Department of Physics West Virginia University United States National Centre for Plasma Science Technology Dublin City University Dublin Ireland School of Chemistry University of Manchester United Kingdom Plasma Technology Research Division National Fusion Research Institute Gunsan Korea Republic of

One of the most challenging and recurring problems when modelling plasmas is the lack of data on key atomic and molecular reactions that drive plasma processes. Even when there are data for some reactions, complete and validated datasets of chemistries are rarely available. This hinders research on plasma processes and curbs development of industrial applications. The QDB project aims to address this problem by providing a platform for provision, exchange, and validation of chemistry datasets. A new data model developed for QDB is presented. QDB collates published data on both electron scattering and heavy-particle reactions. These data are formed into reaction sets, which are then validated against experimental data where possible. This process produces both complete chemistry sets and identifies key reactions that are currently unreported in the literature. Gaps in the datasets can be filled using established theoretical methods. Initial validated chemistry sets for SF6/CF4/O2 and SF6/CF4/N2/H2 are presented as examples. Copyright © 2017, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Electron scattering

Mid-Infrared Photothermal Imaging

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Mid-Infrared Photothermal Imaging

Laser science, LS 2015

作者： Sander, Michelle Y. Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering BU Photonics Center Boston University BostonMA02215 United States Division of Materials Science and Engineering Boston University BostonMA02215 United States BU Photonics Center Boston University BostonMA02215 United States

In photothermal imaging label-free characterization of molecular vibrational bonds is combined with spatial information. A mid-infrared photothermal system with high specificity and sensitivity using a near-infrared f... 详细信息

ISBN: (纸本)9781943580033

关键词： Quantum cascade lasers

Global, regional, and national sex-specific burden and control of the HIV epidemic, 1990–2019, for 204 countries and territories: the Global Burden of Diseases Study 2019

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The Lancet HIV 2021年第10期8卷 e633-e651页

作者： Jahagirdar, Deepa Walters, Magdalene K. Novotney, Amanda Brewer, Edmond D. Frank, Tahvi D. Carter, Austin Biehl, Molly H. Abbastabar, Hedayat Abhilash, E.S. Abu-Gharbieh, Eman Abu-Raddad, Laith Jamal Adekanmbi, Victor Adeyinka, Daniel Adedayo Adnani, Qorinah Estiningtyas Sakilah Afzal, Saira Aghababaei, Soodabeh Ahinkorah, Bright Opoku Ahmad, Sajjad Ahmadi, Keivan Ahmadi, Sepideh Ahmadpour, Ehsan Ahmed, Muktar Beshir Rashid, Tarik Ahmed Salih, Yusra Ahmed Aklilu, Addis Akram, Tayyaba Akunna, Chisom Joyqueenet Al Hamad, Hanadi Alahdab, Fares Alanezi, Fahad Mashhour Aleksandrova, Ekaterina A. Alene, Kefyalew Addis Ali, Liaqat Alipour, Vahid Almustanyir, Sami Alvis-Guzman, Nelson Ameyaw, Edward Kwabena Amu, Hubert Andrei, Catalina Liliana Andrei, Tudorel Anvari, Davood Arabloo, Jalal Aremu, Olatunde Arulappan, Judie Atnafu, Desta Debalkie Quintanilla, Beatriz Paulina Ayala Ayza, Muluken Altaye Azari, Samad Darshan, B.B. Banach, Maciej Bärnighausen, Till Winfried Barra, Fabio Barrow, Amadou Basu, Sanjay Bazargan-Hejazi, Shahrzad Belay, Habtamu Gebrehana Berheto, Tezera Moshago Bezabhe, Woldesellassie Mequanint Bezabih, Yihienew Mequanint Bhagavathula, Akshaya Srikanth Bhardwaj, Nikha Bhardwaj, Pankaj Bhattacharyya, Krittika Bibi, Sadia Bijani, Ali Bisignano, Catherine Bolarinwa, Obasanjo Afolabi Boloor, Archith Boltaev, Azizbek A. Briko, Nikolay Ivanovich Buonsenso, Danilo Burkart, Katrin Butt, Zahid A. Cao, Chao Charan, Jaykaran Chatterjee, Souranshu Chattu, Soosanna Kumary Chattu, Vijay Kumar Choudhari, Sonali Gajanan Chu, Dinh-Toi Couto, Rosa A.S. Cowden, Richard G. Dachew, Berihun Assefa Dadras, Omid Dagnew, Amare Belachew Dahlawi, Saad M.A. Dai, Xiaochen Dandona, Lalit Dandona, Rakhi das Neves, José Degenhardt, Louisa Demeke, Feleke Mekonnen Desta, Abebaw Alemayehu Deuba, Keshab Dhamnetiya, Deepak Dhungana, Govinda Prasad Dianatinasab, Mostafa Diaz, Daniel Djalalinia, Shirin Doan, Linh Phuong Dorostkar, Fariba Edinur, Hisham Atan Effiong, Andem Eftekharzadeh, Sahar El Sayed Zaki, Maysaa Elayedath, Rajesh Elhadi, Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation University of Washington Seattle WA United States Department of Health Metrics Sciences School of Medicine University of Washington Seattle WA United States Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases University of Washington Seattle WA United States Department of Global Health University of Washington Seattle WA United States School of Social Work University of Washington Seattle WA United States Department of Medicine University of Washington Seattle WA United States Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeones Columbia University Medical Center New York NY United States Division of Data Analytics and Delivery for Impact WHO Geneva Switzerland Advanced Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology Research Centre Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Multiple Sclerosis Research Centre Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran School of Public Health Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Paediatric Chronic Kidney Disease Research Centre Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Department of Psychiatry Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Metabolomics and Genomics Research Centre Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Sina Trauma and Surgery Research Centre Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Research Centre for Immunodeficiencies Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Non-Communicable Diseases Research Centre Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Department of Botany Sree Narayana Guru College Chelannur Kozhikode India Clinical Sciences Department University of Sharjah Sharjah United Arab Emirates Mass Communication Department University of Sharjah Sharjah United Arab Emirates Department of Health-Care Policy and Research Weill Cornell Medical College in Qatar Doha Qatar Department of Population Medicine Ca

Background: The sustainable development goals (SDGs) aim to end HIV/AIDS as a public health threat by 2030. Understanding the current state of the HIV epidemic and its change over time is essential to this effort. This study assesses the current sex-specific HIV burden in 204 countries and territories and measures progress in the control of the epidemic. Methods: To estimate age-specific and sex-specific trends in 48 of 204 countries, we extended the Estimation and Projection Package Age-Sex Model to also implement the spectrum paediatric model. We used this model in cases where age and sex specific HIV-seroprevalence surveys and antenatal care-clinic sentinel surveillance data were available. For the remaining 156 of 204 locations, we developed a cohort-incidence bias adjustment to derive incidence as a function of cause-of-death data from vital registration systems. The incidence was input to a custom Spectrum model. To assess progress, we measured the percentage change in incident cases and deaths between 2010 and 2019 (threshold >75% decline), the ratio of incident cases to number of people living with HIV (incidence-to-prevalence ratio threshold <0·03), and the ratio of incident cases to deaths (incidence-to-mortality ratio threshold <1·0). Findings: In 2019, there were 36·8 million (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 35·1–38·9) people living with HIV worldwide. There were 0·84 males (95% UI 0·78–0·91) per female living with HIV in 2019, 0·99 male infections (0·91–1·10) for every female infection, and 1·02 male deaths (0·95–1·10) per female death. Global progress in incident cases and deaths between 2010 and 2019 was driven by sub-Saharan Africa (with a 28·52% decrease in incident cases, 95% UI 19·58–35·43, and a 39·66% decrease in deaths, 36·49–42·36). Elsewhere, the incidence remained stable or increased, whereas deaths generally decreased. In 2019, the global incidence-to-prevalence ratio was 0·05 (95% UI 0·05–0·06) and the global incidence-to-mortality ratio was

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Microstructural characteristics of GaN/AlN thin films grown on a Si (110) substrate by molecular beam epitaxy: Transmission electron microscopy study

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Microscopy and Microanalysis 2016年第S3期22卷 1576-1577页

作者： Y.H. Kim J.H. Lee S.J. Ahn Y.K. Noh M.D. Kim J.E. Oh Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science 267 Gajeong-Ro Yuseong-Gu Daejeon 34113 Republic of Korea IV Works Co. Ansan Kyungki-do 425-833 Republic of Korea Division of Electrical and Computer Engineering Hanyang University Ansan city Kyunggi-do 15588 Republic of Korea Department of Physics Chungnam National University 99 Daehak-Ro Yuseong-Gu Daejeon 34134 Republic of Korea