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Nanoscale Precision-Related Challenges in Classical and Quantum Optimization

IEEE Nanotechnology Magazine 2024年第3期18卷 31-43页

作者： Chou, Yao-Hsin Wu, Ching-Hsuan Jiang, Yu-Chi Kuo, Shu-Yu Kuo, Sy-Yen National Chi Nan University Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering Nantou545 Taiwan National Center for Theoretical Sciences Physics Division Taipei106 Taiwan Princeton University Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering PrincetonNJ08544 United States National Taiwan University Department of Physics Center for Quantum Science and Engineering Taipei106 Taiwan National Taiwan University Department of Electrical EngineeringCenter for Quantum Science and Engineering Taipei106 Taiwan

Quantum computation and optimization have recently garnered considerable attention, with a noticeable focus on their floating-point and arithmetic designs. In classical computing, numerical optimization problems are commonly employed to assess the performance of optimization algorithms before their application to real-world issues. Nevertheless, precision issues impact the performance analysis of these algorithms, and neglecting these predictable exceptions can lead to unforeseen consequences. Therefore, this study systematically organizes potential precision issues related to how the floating-point storage format impacts optimization. These issues cause the optimal solution to deviate from the theoretical value, introducing imprecision or multiple optimal values, which in turn affects the usability of optimization algorithms, the direction of the search, and the assessment of convergence levels. These analyses offer valuable insights into the practical behavior of optimization algorithms when applied to function optimization problems, aiding researchers in accurately assessing and enhancing algorithm performance. Moreover, these findings contribute to the advancement of both classical and quantum computation. © 2007-2011 IEEE.

关键词： Optimization

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Fully Inkjet-Printed Soft Wearable Strain Sensors Based on Metal/Polymer Composite Sensing Films 5

Fully Inkjet-Printed Soft Wearable Strain Sensors Based on M...

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5th IEEE International Conference on Flexible and Printable Sensors and Systems, FLEPS 2023

作者： Khan, Arshad Ali, Shawkat Nittala, Aditya Shekhar Riaz, Kashif Bermak, Amine College of Science and Engineering Hamad Bin Khalifa University Division of Information and Computing Technology Doha Qatar Computer Electrical and Mathematical Science and Engineering Division Thuwal23955-6900 Saudi Arabia University of Calgary Department of Computer Science Calgary Canada

ISBN: (纸本)9781665457330

In this paper, we present a high-performance soft strain sensor that uses composite sensing layers made of metal and polymer. This strain sensor is entirely developed by inkjet-printing the composite films on a highly stretchable thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) substrate and a textile-compatible polymer film, which makes the process easy, affordable, energy-efficient, and scalable. The sensing patches are made up of two films: a PEDOT:PSS-based conductive polymer top film and a metal bottom film composed of silver nanoparticles. The sensor has a decent sensing range (≈10% strain), high sensitivity (GF ≈ 12), and outstanding mechanical stability (>1000 cycles), making it suitable for both stretching and bending deformation detection. As application examples, the soft sensors are used to track the highly deformed human body motions, displaying excellent performance. The outcomes demonstrate the attractiveness and potential of our low-cost soft strain sensors for real-world uses, such as the wide-range tracking of human movements. © 2023 IEEE.

关键词： Polymer films

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A Discontinuous Galerkin Time-Domain Method to Simulate Metasurfaces using Generalized Sheet Transition Conditions

A Discontinuous Galerkin Time-Domain Method to Simulate Meta...

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2022 IEEE International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation and USNC-URSI Radio science Meeting, AP-S/URSI 2022

作者： Chen, Liang Ozakin, Mehmet Burak Zhao, Ran Bagci, Hakan Electrical and Computer Engineering Program Computer Electrical and Mathematical Science and Engineering Division Thuwal23955-6900 Saudi Arabia

ISBN: (数字)9781665496582

ISBN: (纸本)9781665496582

The generalized sheet transition conditions (GSTCs) are incorporated into a discontinuous Galerkin time-domain (DGTD) method to efficiently simulate metasurfaces. The numerical flux for GSTCs is derived for the first time using the Rankine-Hugoniot jump conditions. This numerical flux includes time derivatives of fields and therefore explicit time integration schemes that are traditionally used with DGTD do not yield a stable time marching method. To alleviate this bottleneck, a new time marching scheme, which solves a local matrix system for the unknowns of the elements touching the same GSTC face, is developed. Numerical results, which validate the accuracy of the proposed method against analytical solutions and demonstrate its applicability to the simulation of curved and space/time-varying metasurfaces, are presented. © 2022 IEEE.

关键词： Numerical methods

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Multiphysics Analysis of Screening Effects on Terahertz Photoconductive Devices

Multiphysics Analysis of Screening Effects on Terahertz Phot...

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2022 IEEE International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation and USNC-URSI Radio science Meeting, AP-S/URSI 2022

作者： Chen, Liang Dong, Ming Bagci, Hakan Electrical and Computer Engineering Program Computer Electrical and Mathematical Science and Engineering Division Thuwal23955-6900 Saudi Arabia

ISBN: (数字)9781665496582

ISBN: (纸本)9781665496582

Output saturation observed for high power levels of input optical pump is a well-known bottleneck in the operation of terahertz photoconductive devices (PCDs). This saturation is a result of various screening effects that stem from the interactions between electromagnetic fields and semiconductor charge carriers. To simulate these effects, this work uses a time-domain multiphysics approach that solves a coupled system of the Maxwell and the drift-diffusion equations to rigorously take into account the two-way nonlinear coupling between fields and carriers. Furthermore, an optical absorption-based model is used to correctly compute the carrier generation rate. The resulting multiphysics solver is used to simulate realistic PCDs, and excellent agreement is observed between the simulation and experimental results. © 2022 IEEE.

关键词： Multiphysics

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A Discontinuous Galerkin Scheme for Transient Multiphysics Simulation of Organic Electrochemical Transistors

A Discontinuous Galerkin Scheme for Transient Multiphysics S...

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2022 IEEE International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation and USNC-URSI Radio science Meeting, AP-S/URSI 2022

作者： Dong, Ming Chen, Liang Bagci, Hakan Computer Electrical and Mathematical Science and Engineering Division Electrical and Computer Engineering Program Thuwal23955-6900 Saudi Arabia

ISBN: (数字)9781665496582

ISBN: (纸本)9781665496582

A time domain discontinuous Galerkin (DGTD)-based framework is developed to analyze three-dimensional organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs). The proposed framework uses a local DG scheme to discretize the (non-linearly) coupled system of the Poisson equation (in electric potential) and the drift-diffusion (DD) equations (in charge densities) in space. To reduce the computational requirements, a dual-mesh scheme, which uses a dense mesh for the DD equations and a much coarser mesh for the Poisson equation, is used. Furthermore, an implicit-explicit time integration scheme, which allows for a significantly larger time-step size, is utilized to efficiently account for the extremely long response time of OECTs. Numerical results are provided to demonstrate the applicability and accuracy of the proposed solver. © 2022 IEEE.

关键词： Poisson equation

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Towards Non-Invasive Swallowing Assessment: An AI-Powered Interface for Swallowing Kinematic Analysis using High-Resolution Cervical Auscultation 46

Towards Non-Invasive Swallowing Assessment: An AI-Powered In...

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46th Annual International Conference of the IEEE engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, EMBC 2024

作者： Luo, Yuewen Anwar, Ayman Ren, Siyi Coyle, James L. Sejdic, Ervin University of Toronto Division of Engineering Science Faculty of Applied Science & Engineering TorontoON Canada University of Toronto Faculty of Applied Science & Engineering Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering TorontoON Canada University of Pittsburgh School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences Department of Communication Science and Disorders PittsburghPA United States University of Toronto North York General Hospital Faculty of Applied Science & Engineering Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering TorontoON Canada

ISBN: (纸本)9798350371499

Swallowing is a pivotal physiological function for human sustenance and hydration. Dysfunctions, termed dysphagia, necessitate prompt and precise diagnosis. Videofluoroscopic swallowing studies (VFSS) remain the gold standard for swallowing assessment but pose accessibility and radiation exposure concerns. High-resolution cervical auscultation (HRCA) presents a non-invasive alternative with comparable accuracy. Yet, existing studies have only assessed HRCA in tandem with VFSS, without applying it to clinical settings. We propose an AI-enhanced PC software deploying HRCA for real-time bedside swallowing screening. This software proficiently detects abnormalities and precisely measures key kinematic events, including upper esophageal sphincter opening and laryngeal vestibule closure duration. The system was evaluated through two studies, encompassing a VFSS comparative analysis and a usability study. Our findings underscored the software's superior operational efficiency and diagnostic accuracy, positioning our HRCA-based system as a refined and pragmatic alternative for dysphagia assessment. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： User centered design

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Time-Invariant Beampattern Design in Frequency Diverse Array Radar: Some New Results 4

Time-Invariant Beampattern Design in Frequency Diverse Array...

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4th International Conference on Digital Futures and Transformative Technologies, ICoDT2 2024

作者： Shaiza Ahmed, Obaidullah Ali, Hussain Zaib, Alam Ahmed, Sajid National University of Sciences and Technology School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Islamabad Pakistan National University of Sciences and Technology Department of Electrical Engineering Military College of Signals Islamabad Pakistan COMSATS University Islamabad Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Islamabad Abbottabad22060 Pakistan King Abdullah University of Science and Technology Computer Electrical and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering Division Thuwal23955-6900 Saudi Arabia

ISBN: (纸本)9798350391862

A new frequency diverse array (FDA) radar system is proposed for range estimation of a target using time-invariant beampattern. To illuminate a desired range, the transmit beampattern is optimized using the inverse fast Fourier transform (IFFT) technique. This allows for a longer dwell period, which improves the accuracy of weak target identification. To lessen noise effects in range estimation, the minimum power distortionless response (MPDR) beamformer is employed. The precision of range estimation is derived using the Cramér-Rao lower bound (CRLB). Based on simulation data, the FDA design that has been proposed performs better than current approaches as measured by the root-mean-squared error (RMSE). The proposed FDA radar shows superior target localization performance compared to existing techniques, achieving the CRLB at a signal-to-noise (SNR) value of -5 dB. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Mean square error

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Impact of defects on the spectral characteristics of PureB avalanche-mode light emitting diodes 29

Impact of defects on the spectral characteristics of PureB a...

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Light-Emitting Devices, Materials, and Applications XXIX 2025

作者： Jelavić, Eva Nanver, Lis K. Knežević, Tihomir Ruder Boskovic Institute Division of Materials Physics Laboratory for Semiconductors Zagreb Croatia University of Twente Faculty of Electrical Engineering Mathematics & Computer Science Enschede Netherlands

ISBN: (纸本)9781510685208

Single photon avalanche diodes (SPADs) fabricated in PureB silicon technology offer exceptional versatility, functioning both as light emitting diodes and detectors sensitive down to a single photon. In PureB technology, nanometer-thin layers of boron are deposited on the silicon surface, creating defect-free ultra-shallow junctions. In this paper, PureB diodes with a junction depth of a few tens of nanometers are studied as avalanche-mode light-emitting diodes (AMLEDs) with the advantage that optical absorption was minimal. They were systematically analyzed to investigate the impact of defects on their optical and electrical characteristics. Bulk defects were unintentionally introduced by contamination during the processing of the n+ buried layer. These defects cause the increase in dark currents and the formation of light-emitting spots, observable in light emission spectra taken at reverse biases below the breakdown voltage. An increase in relative intensity for wavelengths from 450 nm to 550 nm was observed in spectral characteristics of light emitting spots compared to the light emission of the active-region breakdown. Optical and electrical characterization was conducted on diodes with different geometry, implantation doses in the multiplication region, and distance to an implicit guard ring to examine the impact of these parameters on the light emission spectrum. Low-temperature electrical characteristics and light emission patterns of the devices were obtained by measurements at cryogenic temperatures. © 2025 SPIE.

关键词： Particle beams

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Spacecraft potential effects on low-energy ion measurements to be made by probe B1 of Comet Interceptor

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RAS Techniques and Instruments 2024年第1期3卷 333-346页

作者： Bergman, S. Kasahara, S. Stenberg Wieser, G. Division of Space and Plasma Physics School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science KTH Royal Institute of Technology Department of Earth and Planetary Science Graduate School of Science The University of Tokyo Swedish Institute of Space Physics

Spacecraft charging causes notorious issues for low-energy plasma measurements. The charged particles are accelerated towards or repelled from the spacecraft surface, affecting both their energy and travel direction. The latter results in a distortion of the effective field of view (FOV) of the instrument making the measurements. The Comet Interceptor mission, planned to be launched in 2029, will make a flyby of a long-period or interstellar comet that ideally is dynamically new. The mission comprises one main spacecraft A, developed by the European Space Agency (ESA), and two sub-probes B1 and B2, developed by the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency and ESA, respectively. The low-energy plasma measurements made by Comet Interceptor will likely be affected by the spacecraft potential in the case of low relative flyby velocities. On probe B1, the Cometary Ion Mass Spectrometer (CIMS) of the Plasma Suite is an ion mass spectrometer, capable of measuring ions with energies down to 10 eV/q. In this work, we use the Spacecraft Plasma Interaction Software to study the influence of the spacecraft potential on the low-energy ion measurements to be made by CIMS in the inner cometary magnetosphere. The results show that the effective FOV of CIMS is distorted at low energies when the flyby velocity is low. The distortion level is highly geometry dependent, and the largest distortions are caused by the magnetometer boom. Furthermore, the results show that cold ions with bulk velocities in the range 1-10 km s-1, flowing both radially away from and inward towards the nucleus, are detectable by the instrument considering the nominal observation geometry. © 2024 The Author(s).

关键词： Comets Data Methods Instrumentation Numerical Methods Plasma SPIS

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Controlled Islanding Strategy Considering Uncertainty of Renewable Energy Sources Based on Chance-constrained Model

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Journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean Energy 2022年第2期10卷 471-481页

作者： Shengyuan Liu Tianhan Zhang Zhenzhi Lin Yilu Liu Yi Ding Li Yang the School of Electrical Engineering Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310027China the Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science University of TennesseeKnoxvilleTN 37996USA the School of Electrical Engineering Shandong UniversityJinan 250061China Electrical and Electronics Systems Research Division Oak Ridge National LaboratoryOak RidgeTN 37830USA

Controlled islanding plays an essential role in preventing the blackout of power *** there are several studies on this topic in the past,no enough attention is paid to the uncertainty brought by renewable energy sources(RESs)that may cause unpredictable unbalanced power and the observabilit>T of power systems after islanding that is essential for back-up black-start ***,a novel controlled islanding model based on mixed-integer second-order cone and chance-constrained programming(MISOCCP)is proposed to address these ***,the uncertainty of RESs is characterized by their possibility distribution models with chance constraints,and the requirements,e.g.,system observability,for rapid back-up black-start measures are also ***,a law of large numbers(LLN)based method is em-ployed for converting the chance constraints into deterministic ones and reformulating the non-convex model into convex ***,case studies on the revised IEEE 39-bus and 118-bus power systems as well as the comparisons among different models are given to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed *** results show that the proposed model can result in less unbalanced power and better observability after islanding compared with other models.

关键词： Controlled islanding second-order cone chance-constrained programming renewable energy source(RES) black-start observability.

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