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125th ASEE Annual Conference and Exposition

作者： Ghorbani, Mahsa Maciejewski, Anthony A. Siller, Thomas J. Chong, Edwin K.P. Omur-Ozbek, Pinar Atadero, Rebecca A. Colorado State University Program of Systems Engineering United States Colorado State University Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering United States Colorado State University Department in Civil and Environmental Engineering United States Colorado State University Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering and of Mathematics United States Colorado State University Civil and Environmental Engineering Department United States Colorado State University Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering United States

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From light sensing to adaptive learning:hafnium diselenide reconfigurable memcapacitive devices in neuromorphic computing

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Light(Science & Applications) 2025年第1期14卷 215-226页

作者： Bashayr Alqahtani Hanrui Li Abdul Momin Syed Nazek El-Atab Electrical and Computer Engineering Program Computer Electrical Mathematical Science and Engineering DivisionKing Abdullah University of Science and Technology(KAUST)ThuwalSaudi Arabia Electrical Engineering Department College of EngineeringPrincess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University(PNU)RiyadhSaudi Arabia

Advancements in neuromorphic computing have given an impetus to the development of systems with adaptive behavior,dynamic responses,and energy efficiency *** charge-based or emerging memory technologies such as memristors have been developed to emulate synaptic plasticity,replicating the key functionality of neurons—integrating diverse presynaptic inputs to fire electrical impulses—has remained *** this study,we developed reconfigurable metal-oxide-semiconductor capacitors(MOSCaps)based on hafnium diselenide(HfSe2).The proposed devices exhibit(1)optoelectronic synaptic features and perform separate stimulus-associated learning,indicating considerable adaptive neuron emulation,(2)dual light-enabled charge-trapping and memcapacitive behavior within the same MOSCap device,whose threshold voltage and capacitance vary based on the light intensity across the visible spectrum,(3)memcapacitor volatility tuning based on the biasing conditions,enabling the transition from volatile light sensing to non-volatile optical data *** reconfigurability and multifunctionality of MOSCap were used to integrate the device into a leaky integrate-and-fire neuron model within a spiking neural network to dynamically adjust firing patterns based on light stimuli and detect exoplanets through variations in light intensity.

关键词： integrate volatile integrating

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Experimental evaluation of MIMO configurations in indoor visible light communications under the consideration of illumination

Optics Continuum

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Optics Continuum 2025年第4期4卷 789-803页

作者： Esteban Farfán-Guillén, David Camporez, Higor Silva, Jair Adriano Lima Castellano Rodriguez, Juan Camilo Pohl, Alexandre De Almeida Prado CPGEI–Graduate Program in Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Federal University of Technology Paraná Curitiba80230–901 Brazil Graduate Program in Electrical Engineering Federal University of Espírito Santo Vitória29075-960 Brazil

Visible light communications (VLC) enable wireless data transmission using existing light-emitting diode (LED) illumination. This experimental study evaluates the performance of multiple input and multiple output (MIMO) configurations in indoor VLC systems by analyzing their impact on both communication and illumination. Various MIMO setups (2 × 2, 3 × 2, and 4 × 2) are compared against single input single output (SISO), and single input multiple outputs (SIMO) schemes, using commercial LED luminaires as transmitters. While the 4 × 2 MIMO configuration demonstrates superior overall performance, intermediate configurations like 3 × 2 or 2 × 2 MIMO offer an attractive trade-off between system complexity and performance enhancement, particularly in scenarios with space or cost constraints. The results show that MIMO configurations significantly outperform SISO systems, achieving reliable communication (BER ≤ 10−3) at practical indoor distances of up to 2 meters while maintaining illumination levels above 300 lux, where conventional SISO setups do not meet these dual requirements. These findings demonstrate the practical feasibility of MIMO-VLC systems for indoor deployments. © 2025 Optica Publishing Group under the terms of the Optica Open Access Publishing Agreement.

关键词： Frequency division multiplexing Modulation techniques Multiple input multiple output Quadrature amplitude modulation Signal processing Visible light communications

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Hybrid 1D and 2D CNN-Transformer Architectures for Multilabel 12-Lead EKG Anomaly Detection 59

Hybrid 1D and 2D CNN-Transformer Architectures for Multilabe...

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59th Annual Conference on Information Sciences and Systems, CISS 2025

作者： Detore, Ian Samsundar, John Davis, Cleon Johns Hopkins University Electrical and Computer Engineering Program BaltimoreMD United States Johns Hopkins University Electrical and Computer Engineering Program LaurelMD United States

ISBN: (纸本)9798331513269

This study introduces two novel hybrid machine-learning architectures for multilabel anomaly detection in electrocardiograms (EKGs): a 1D modified ResNet combined with a transformer encoder and an equivalent 2D ResNet-Transformer hybrid. This work is among the first to utilize two separate CNN-transformer architectures tailored specifically for temporal and spatial features in multilabel EKG data. Our models address the challenges of imbalanced data and multilabel classification by leveraging the PTB-XL dataset, containing over 21,000 annotated samples across five diagnostic superclasses, namely myocardial infarction, conduction disturbances, hypertrophy, ST-T wave changes, and normal EKGs. We applied advanced data augmentation techniques to mitigate class imbalance, including the Multilabel Synthetic Minority Over-Sampling Technique (ML-SMOTE). Additionally, we employed digital signal processing to denoise the EKG signals and convert time-series data into time-frequency representations for 2D modeling. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach, with the 1D model achieving an area under the curve (AUC) of 91.5% and the 2D model achieving an AUC of 87.2%. These findings demonstrate the potential of specialized architectures for comprehensive multilabel EKG anomaly detection. © 2025 IEEE.

关键词： Anomaly detection

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Breast Cancer Diagnosis via Swarm-Optimized Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System 59

Breast Cancer Diagnosis via Swarm-Optimized Adaptive Neuro-F...

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59th Annual Conference on Information Sciences and Systems, CISS 2025

作者： Greenlee, Aidan Palumbo, Neil F. Johns Hopkins University Electrical and Computer Engineering Program BaltimoreMD United States

ISBN: (纸本)9798331513269

This paper discusses a method for classification of breast cancer imaging data through the application of an adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) and particle swarm optimization (PSO) for hyperparameter optimization of the ANFIS system. A robust parameter tuning method is used to select the optimal configuration for the ANFIS and PSO components without expert knowledge of the dataset. Using these methods, high classification accuracies can be achieved for both the original and diagnostic versions of the Wisconsin Breast Cancer Dataset. These results demonstrate the flexibility and potential of a joint ANFIS-PSO system for automated diagnosis while retaining system simplicity and linguistic interpretability to support clinical decision-making. © 2025 IEEE.

关键词： Particle swarm optimization (PSO)

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Variable-Length Feedback Codes Over Known and Unknown Channels With Non-Vanishing Error Probabilities

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IEEE Transactions on Information Theory 2025年第5期71卷 3271-3286页

作者： Yavas, Recep Can Tan, Vincent Y. F. Descartes Program CNRS@CREATE 138602 Singapore National University of Singapore Department of Computer Science Queenstown 117417 Singapore National University of Singapore Department of Mathematics Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Queenstown 119077 Singapore

We study variable-length feedback (VLF) codes with noiseless feedback for discrete memoryless channels. We present a novel non-asymptotic bound, which analyzes the average error probability and average decoding time of our modified Yamamoto-Itoh scheme. We then optimize the parameters of our code in the asymptotic regime where the average error probability ∈ remains a constant as the average decoding time N approaches infinity. Our second-order achievability bound is an improvement of Polyanskiy et al.’s (2011) achievability bound. We also develop a universal VLF code that does not rely on the knowledge of the underlying channel parameters. Our universal VLF code employs the empirical mutual information as its decoding metric and universalizes the code by Polyanskiy et al. (2011). We derive a second-order achievability bound for universal VLF codes. Our results for both VLF and universal VLF codes are extended to the additive white Gaussian noise channel with an average power constraint. The former yields an improvement over Truong and Tan’s (2017) achievability bound. The proof of our results for universal VLF codes uses a refined version of the method of types and an asymptotic expansion from the nonlinear renewal theory literature. © 1963-2012 IEEE.

关键词： White noise

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Rate Distortion Analysis of Wavefield Coding in Wireless Geophone Networks 8th

Rate Distortion Analysis of Wavefield Coding in Wireless G...

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8th EAI International Conference on Smart Grid and Innovative Frontiers in Telecommunications, SmartGIFT 2024

作者： Khan, Hamood ur Rehman Khan, Farhan Sir Syed Center for Advanced Studies in Engineering Islamabad Pakistan Electrical and Computer Engineering Program Habib University Karachi Pakistan

ISBN: (纸本)9783031788055

Current and future trends in seismic acquisition point towards higher geophone densities (forecasted to be 1M nodes per survey). The geophones’ high operating precision and a sampling rate of a few milliseconds leads to a huge aggregate data rate in the geophone array. To handle this large data rate a hierarchy of multiplexed lines (including fiber optic cables) are used, resulting in substantial deployment costs. This work considers wireless geophone networks to mitigate these costs. Because of limited bandwidth of the wireless medium, compression of acquired data is needed. We assess lossy source coding (signal compression) performance using a rate-distortion tradeoff based on a physical model of the earth. The distortion criterion used is mean squared error. The earth’s physical model considered here consists of a randomly layered subsurface structure where the acoustic impedance of the earth varies as a homogeneous spatial random process. The rate distortion performance is assessed in terms of the parameters of this physical model e.g., the speed of sound underground and correlation length of acoustic impedance process. In comparison with previous work, this paper derives a closed form expression for the autocorrelation function for the reflection process for the 3D subsurface volume. We also show from the resulting rate-distortion curves that the compression performance improves both as the coding bock length increases and as the correlation length of the medium properties increases. The rate-distortion surface as a function of normalized MSE and sound of speed underground is also computed and validated through extensive simulations. © ICST Institute for computer Sciences, Social Informatics and Telecommunications engineering 2025.

关键词： Signal distortion

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A Feasibility Study: Magnetic Field Monitoring in Cycled Lead Acid Cells for Stationary Applications

A Feasibility Study: Magnetic Field Monitoring in Cycled Lea...

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2025 IEEE electrical Energy Storage Applications and Technologies Conference, EESAT 2025

作者： Vasconcelos, Scarleth Singh, Pritpal Lee, Ross Villanova University Sustainable Engineering Program Villanova United States Villanova University Dept of Electrical and Computer Engineering Villanova United States

ISBN: (纸本)9798331524852

This research introduces a novel, real-time, non-invasive, non-destructive, and accurate method for battery mon-itoring using magnetic field mapping. This technique detects stratification in flooded Lead Acid Batteries at different states of charge, providing early notification by monitoring variations in hydrogen ion concentration during cycling. The study tracked pH and magnetic field variations across H2SO4 electrolyte specific gravities ranging from 1.07 to 1.33, showing a 17%-20% pH reduction over 12 hours, indicating acid stratification. A proof-of-concept using air-core solenoid coils demonstrated a direct correlation between secondary coil output voltage and H2SO4 concentrations, influenced by the induced magnetic field at the primary coil and electrolyte concentration changes. The optimal AC input frequency for maximizing the induced magnetic field mapping response was identified as 30-33 kHz, depending on the physical properties of the magnetic field inductors. An inverse correlation was also observed between the induced magnetic field and the distance between the coils. This approach offers a promising alternative for lead acid battery monitoring, potentially improving battery management and lifespan. The experimental tests also included monitored variations in secondary coil output voltage in a single flooded lead acid cell during cycling. The preliminary results demonstrated a decrease in the magnetic field during charge and an increase during discharge. © 2025 IEEE.

关键词： Lead acid batteries

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A Pulse Width Modulation-Based Spike Generator to Eliminate Timing Errors in Spiking Neural Networks

A Pulse Width Modulation-Based Spike Generator to Eliminate ...

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2025 International Conference on Electronics, Information, and Communication, ICEIC 2025

作者： Jo, Jungkook Sim, Keonhee Sim, Sangwoong Jun, Jaehoon Inha University Dept. of electrical and computer engineering and program in semiconductor convergence Incheon Korea Republic of Inha University Dept. of electrical engineering Incheon Korea Republic of

ISBN: (纸本)9798331510756

This paper proposes a novel spike generator for processing in memory (PIM) technology. Most of the electronics today utilize a von Neumann architecture. The von Neumann architecture suffers from the separation of memory and processor. This architecture delays data transfer between memory and processor. To overcome the issues, we utilize the spiking neural network (SNN) that combines memory and processor. SNN can be classified into voltage-based, current-based, and time-based architectures, each with its own pros and cons. Time-based SNN suffers from timing issues. To address the timing sensitivity of time-based neuron SNN, this paper proposes a PWM-based SNN. The PWM-based SNN utilizes pulse width-based logic to overcome timing sensitivity. © 2025 IEEE.

关键词： Pulse width modulation

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A generalized adder for cell size homeostasis: Effects on stochastic clonal proliferation

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Biophysical Journal 2025年第9期124卷 1376-1386页

作者： Nieto, César Vargas-García, César Augusto Singh, Abhyudai Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Delaware Newark DE United States AGROSAVIA - Corporacion Colombiana de Investigacion Agropecuaria Cundinamarca Mosquera Colombia Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Biomedical Engineering Mathematical Sciences Interdisciplinary Neuroscience Program University of Delaware Newark DE United States

Measurements of cell size dynamics have revealed phenomenological principles by which individual cells control their size across diverse organisms. One of the emerging paradigms of cell size homeostasis is the adder, where the cell cycle duration is established such that the cell size increase from birth to division is independent of the newborn cell size. We provide a mechanistic formulation of the adder, considering that cell size follows any arbitrary nonexponential growth law. Our results show that the main requirement to obtain an adder regardless of the growth law (the time derivative of cell size) is that cell cycle regulators are produced at a rate proportional to the growth law, and cell division is triggered when these molecules reach a prescribed threshold level. Among the implications of this generalized adder, we investigate fluctuations in the proliferation of single-cell-derived colonies. Considering exponential cell size growth, random fluctuations in clonal size show a transient increase and then eventually decay to zero over time (i.e., clonal populations become asymptotically more similar). In contrast, several forms of nonexponential cell size dynamics (with adder-based cell size control) yield qualitatively different results: clonal size fluctuations monotonically increase over time, reaching a nonzero value. These results characterize the interplay between cell size homeostasis at the single-cell level and clonal proliferation at the population level, explaining the broad fluctuations in clonal sizes seen in barcoded human cell lines. © 2025 Biophysical Society

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