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Nature 2025年第8059期640卷 613-622页

作者： Lanza, Mario Pazos, Sebastian Aguirre, Fernando Sebastian, Abu Le Gallo, Manuel Alam, Syed M. Ikegawa, Sumio Yang, J. Joshua Vianello, Elisa Chang, Meng-Fan Molas, Gabriel Naveh, Ishai Ielmini, Daniele Liu, Ming Roldan, Juan B. Department of Materials Science and Engineering National University of Singapore Singapore Singapore Institute for Functional Intelligent Materials National University of Singapore Singapore Singapore Centre for Advanced 2D Materials (CA2DM) National University of Singapore Singapore Singapore Materials Science and Engineering Program Physical Science and Engineering Division King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) Thuwal Saudi Arabia Intrinsic Semiconductor Technologies London United Kingdom IBM Research – Zurich Rüschlikon Switzerland Everspin Technologies Chandler AZ United States Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Southern California Los Angeles CA United States CEA-Leti Université Grenoble Alpes Grenoble France Department of Electrical Engineering National Tsing Hua University Hsinchu Taiwan Weebit Nano Hod Hasharon Israel Dipartimento di Elettronica Informazione e Bioingegneria (DEIB) Politecnico di Milano and *** Milano Italy Key Laboratory of Microelectronic Devices and Integrated Technology Institute of Microelectronics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China Departamento de Electrónica y Tecnología de Computadores Universidad de Granada Facultad de Ciencias Granada Spain

The semiconductor industry is experiencing an accelerated transformation to overcome the scaling limits of the transistor and to adapt to new requirements in terms of data storage and computation, especially driven by artificial intelligence applications and the Internet of Things. In this process, new materials, devices, integration strategies and system architectures are being developed and optimized. Among them, memristive devices and circuits—memristors are two-terminal memory devices that can also mimic some basic bioelectronic functions—offer a potential approach to create more compact, energy-efficient or better-performing systems. The memristor industry is growing quickly, raising abundant capital investment, creating new jobs and placing advanced products in the market. Here we analyse the status and prospects of the memristor industry, focusing on memristor-based products that are already commercially available, prototypes with a high technological readiness level that might affect the market in the near future, and discuss obstacles and pathways to their implementation. © Springer Nature Limited 2025.

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programMER-TRANSPARENT COORDINATION OF RECOVERING CONCURRENT PROCESSES - PHILOSOPHY AND RULES FOR EFFICIENT IMPLEMENTATION

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SOFTWARE engineering 1988年第6期14卷 810-821页

作者： KIM, KH Computer Engineering Program Department of Electrical Engineering University of California CA92717

An approach to coordination of cooperating concurrent processes, each capable of error direction and recovery, is presented. Error detection, rollback, and retry in a process are specified by a well-structured language construct called recovery block. Recovery points of processes must be properly coordinated to prevent a disastrous avalanche of process rollbacks. The approach relies on an intelligent processor system (that runs processes) capable of establishing and discarding the recovery points of interacting processes in a well coordinated manner such that a process never makes two consecutive rollbacks without making a retry between the two, and every process rollback becomes a minimum-distance rollback. Following a discussion of the underlying philosophy of the author's approach, basic rules of reducing storage and time overhead in such a processor system are discussed. Examples are drawn from the systems in which processes communicate through monitors.

关键词： PROCESSOR Philosophy concurrent process RECOVERING MONITOR

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AN APPROACH TO EXPERIMENTAL EVALUATION OF REAL-TIME FAULT-TOLERANT DISTRIBUTED COMPUTING SCHEMES

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SOFTWARE engineering 1989年第6期15卷 715-725页

作者： KIM, KH Computer Engineering Program Department of Electrical Engineering University of California Irvine CA 92717

A testbed-based approach to the evaluation of fault-tolerant distributed computing schemes is discussed. The approach is based on experimental incorporation of system structuring and design techniques into real-time distributed computing testbeds centered around tightly coupled microcomputer networks. The effectiveness of this approach has been confirmed through some experiments conducted in the author's laboratory. Primary advantages of the testbed-based approach include the relatively high accuracy of the data obtained on timing and logical complexity as well as the relatively high degree of assurance that can be obtained on the practical effectiveness of the scheme evaluated. This paper discusses various design issues encountered in the course of establishing the basic microcomputer network testbed facilities and augmenting them to support some experiments conducted. The shortcomings of the testbeds that have been recognized are also discussed together with the desired extensions of the testbeds. Some of the desired extensions are beyond the state of the art in microcomputer network implementation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

关键词： Distributed computer system distributed recovery block experimental validation fault tolerance real-time computer system recovery temporary blackout testbed

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Developing an explainable Deep Neural Network for stress detection using biosignals and human-engineered features

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Biomedical Signal Processing and Control 2025年 109卷

作者： Lee, Hyeokjong Kim, Jaewon Han, Bohyung Park, Sang Min Chang, Jooyoung Department of Biomedical Sciences Seoul National University College of Medicine Seoul03080 Korea Republic of Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Seoul National University Seoul08826 Korea Republic of Interdisciplinary Program in Artificial Intelligence Seoul National University Seoul08826 Korea Republic of XAIMED Co. Ltd. Seoul02738 Korea Republic of

Detecting stress is crucial for preventing long-term health issues, and recent research, particularly using the WESAD (WEarable Stress and Affect Detection) dataset, has made significant advances in this area. Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) demonstrate a key advantage by efficiently processing raw signals, unlike traditional machine learning methods that predominantly rely on human-engineered features. In our study, we enhance DNN capabilities by integrating both raw signals and human-engineered features altogether. Our model, augmented with attention mechanisms, significantly improves its performance. This approach yields state-of-the-art results, demonstrating high accuracies across various modalities in the stress classification task: 92.89% in Electrodermal Activity (EDA), 92.16% in Photoplethysmography (PPG), and 96.57% in all modalities. Explaining model decisions in biosignals is challenging compared to the image domain, where images are inherently more intuitive. Many Explainable AI (XAI) techniques, optimized for images, face difficulties when applied to biosignals. To address this, we employ human-engineered features for biosignals, grounded in the ‘Human Comprehensible Space’ concept, making explanations intuitively understandable. Furthermore, a survey conducted to statistically validate the comprehensibility of our XAI methods confirms their effectiveness in enhancing the accessibility of explanations. © 2025 Elsevier Ltd

关键词： Deep neural networks

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Role of high energy photons in dual spectral source rapid isothermal CVD

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JOURNAL OF ELECTRONIC MATERIALS 1997年第10期26卷 1184-1188页

作者： Singh, R Chen, Y Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Material Science and Engineering Program Clemson University Clemson Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Clemson University Clemson

The use of tungsten halogen lamps and the deuterium lamp as the source of thermal and optical energies has been exploited to deposit thin films of Ta2O5 on Si and conducting substrates, The leakage current densities are as low as 10(-10) A/cm(2) for gate voltage under 5V. Photons in visible, ultraviolet, and vacuum ultraviolet (lambda < 800 nm) regions provide higher bulk and surface diffusion coefficients as well as reduced activation energy for the chemical process involved in the chemical vapor deposition process. The low thermal mass of the substrate provides limited reaction processing capability. The photochemical and photophysical processes allow the participating atoms and molecules to adjust their bond geometries and occupy sites which result in overall reduction of stress and strain energy and provide materials with overall low microscopic defects at low processing temperature and with high throughput. New experimental results of Al-Ta2O5-Si3N4-poly Si-Al structure are presented. The leakage current-voltage characteristics are better than those reported by other researchers.

关键词： dielectrics metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) rapid isothermal processing (RIP) Ta2O5

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MULTIDATABASE SYSTEMS - AN ADVANCED CONCEPT IN HANDLING DISTRIBUTED DATA

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ADVANCES IN computerS 1991年第C期32卷 149-200页

作者： HURSON, AR BRIGHT, MW Computer Engineering Program Department of Electrical Engineering The Pennsylvania State University University Park Pennsylvania

Multidatabases integrate the data from preexisting, heterogeneous local databases into a distributed environment, and present global users with transparent methods to use the total information in the system. This chapter describes the taxonomy of global information-sharing systems, multidatabase issues, multidatabse design choices, analysis of existing multidatabase systems, and the position of multidatabase systems in the taxonomy. Multidatabase language systems have no constraints on system size, but the tradeoff for achieving this is a multiple-data-source user paradigm and a more complex user interface. Multidatabase issues, such as site autonomy, differences in data representation, and concurrency control are also discussed in the chapter. Site autonomy is a major strength of multidatabases, yet it is also a major constraint on the global system design. Differences in data representation are many and varied, and resolving these differences is a major concern of the global system design. Global updates are a major current restriction in many systems, and the focus of much current research. To make multidatabase systems more useful and efficient, some deficiencies in existing prototypes must be resolved before they can evolve into commercial products, such as global concurrency control, global security, maintenance and administration, and error control and recovery. Multidatabase systems should begin to have a larger impact in the information-processing world as more powerful systems to become generally available in the near future.

关键词： Database Systems

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Three-dimensional computation of light scattering from cells

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IEEE JOURNAL OF SELECTED TOPICS IN QUANTUM ELECTRONICS 1996年第4期2卷 898-905页

作者： Dunn, A RichardsKortum, R Biomedical Engineering Program Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Technology Austin TX USA

Using the finite-difference time-domain method, three-dimensional scattering patterns are computed for cells containing multiple organelles. The scattering cross section and average cosine of the scattering angle are computed for cells as a function of volume fraction of melanin granules and mitochondria, Results show that small organelles play a significant role in light scattering from cells, and the volume fraction of organelles affects both the total amount of scattered light and the angular distribution of scattered light.

关键词： Light scattering Optical scattering Mie scattering Electromagnetic scattering Cells (biology) Optical refraction Finite difference methods Time domain analysis Biomedical optical imaging High-resolution imaging

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An insect-based bioelectronic sensing system combining flexible dual-sided microelectrode array and insect olfactory circuitry for human lung cancer detection

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Biosensors and Bioelectronics 2025年 281卷 117356页

作者： Liu, Xiang Sanchez, Simon W. Gong, Yan Riddle, Roksana Jiang, Zebin Trevor, Stevens Contag, Christopher H. Saha, Debajit Li, Wen Neuroscience Program Department of Physiology Michigan State University East LansingMI United States East LansingMI United States Department of Biomedical Engineering Michigan State University East LansingMI United States Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Michigan State University East LansingMI United States Department of Microbiology Genetics & Immunology Michigan State University East LansingMI United States

Early detection of lung cancer significantly enhances treatment outcomes, yet current screening methods are limited by accessibility, sensitivity, and cost. This study introduces a bioelectronic sensing platform that integrates the highly sensitive locust olfactory system with a flexible dual-sided microelectrode array (MEA), for robust, noninvasive, and label-free detection of volatile lung cancer biomarkers. Using an innovative folding-annealing fabrication technique and PEDOT:PSS surface functionalization, we developed flexible, dual-sided MEAs with high electrode densities of 463, 687, and 766 channels/mm2 across prototypes, maintaining low impedance (within 4 × 104 Ω). These MEAs demonstrated mechanical flexibility and stability, enabling direct insertion into locust brain tissue without mechanical reinforcement and facilitating precise recording of neural activity in the antennal lobe triggered by lung cancer-related volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from low concentration (1 ppm). Advanced dimensionality reduction techniques applied to the electrophysiological recordings identified distinct neural response patterns to each VOC biomarker and the complex "scent" emitted from various cell lines. Using high-dimensional population neuronal response analysis with a leave-one-trial-out approach, the platform achieved a 100 % classification success rate for unknown VOCs. Additionally, varying concentrations (ppm-ppb) of individual VOC biomarkers were detected and classified with an accuracy of 86 %. The system was further tested for its ability to detect and classify human lung cancer cell lines based on the unique "scent" of cultured cells, including two non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and two small cell lung cancer (SCLC) types. Quantitative assessments demonstrated that the platform achieved a classification accuracy of 85 % across these cell lines. These results substantiate the platform's potential for enhancing clinical diagnostics through the accurate ident

关键词： Lung cancer

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Unbiased Parameter Estimation for Bayesian Inverse Problems

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Chada, Neil K. Jasra, Ajay Maama, Mohamed Tempone, Raul Department of Mathematics City University of Hong Kong China School of Data Science The Chinese University of Hong Kong Shenzhen CN Shenzhen China Applied Mathematics and Computational Science Program Computer Electrical and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering Division King Abdullah University of Science and Technology Thuwal23955-6900 Saudi Arabia

In this paper we consider the estimation of unknown parameters in Bayesian inverse problems. In most cases of practical interest, there are several barriers to performing such estimation, This includes a numerical approximation of a solution of a differential equation and, even if exact solutions are available, an analytical intractability of the marginal likelihood and its associated gradient, which is used for parameter estimation. The focus of this article is to deliver unbiased estimates of the unknown parameters, that is, stochastic estimators that, in expectation, are equal to the maximizer of the marginal likelihood, and possess no numerical approximation error. Based upon the ideas of [4] we develop a new approach for unbiased parameter estimation for Bayesian inverse problems. We prove unbiasedness and establish numerically that the associated estimation procedure is faster than the current state-of-the-art methodology for this problem. We demonstrate the performance of our methodology on a range of problems which include a PDE and ODE. Copyright © 2025, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Markov processes

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Corrections to “Comprehensive Analysis of Design and Performance Evaluation Methodologies for a High-Resolution Read-Out IC With Ultralow 1/ f Corner for DC Measurement Applications”

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IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement 2025年 74卷

作者： Junho Kang Woosol Han Suhwan Kim Jaehoon Jun Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering and the Inter-University Semiconductor Research Center (ISRC) Seoul National University Seoul South Korea Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering and Program in Semiconductor Convergence Inha University Incheon South Korea Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Seoul National University Seoul South Korea Gwanak Analog Company Ltd. Seoul South Korea Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering and the Program in Semiconductor Convergence Inha University Incheon South Korea

Presents corrections to the paper, (Corrections to “Comprehensive Analysis of Design and Performance Evaluation Methodologies for a High-Resolution Read-Out IC With Ultralow 1/ f Corner for DC Measurement Application... 详细信息

关键词： Performance evaluation

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