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2D Polynomial Regression Modeling for Predictive Analysis of Glucose Concentration in NP-Model Fractal Microwave Sensor Using Frequency and Transmission Coefficient Disparities

2D Polynomial Regression Modeling for Predictive Analysis of...

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International electrical engineering Congress (iEECON)

作者： Nutyada Nantapanich Pisit Mahatthanajatuphat Norakamon Wongsin Wilaiporn Lee Department of Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering Faculty of Engineering Rajamangala University of Technology Thanyaburi Pathum Thani Thailand Regular Program in Mathematics-Science Yothinburana School Bangkok Thailand Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty of Engineering King Mongkut's University of Technology North Bangkok Bangkok Thailand

ISBN: (数字)9798331543952

ISBN: (纸本)9798331543969

The article introduces a two-dimensional polynomial regression model for the predictive analysis of glucose concentration in a fractal microwave sensor NP model, utilizing frequency and transmission coefficient differences to examine their correlation with glucose concentration levels. The sensor employed in this investigation is fabricated on an economical FR-4 substrate to minimize costs. The sensor structure is developed with the fractal structure reduction method established by the NP model to operate at a frequency of roughly 2.97 GHz. The CST Studio software is utilized to analyze the findings from the simulation of the suggested sensor structure. Furthermore, the proposed sensor is integrated into a test apparatus comprising a sensor platform and a liquid tube constructed from PPA material. The liquid under examination is a glucose and water mixture at varying concentrations. It was analyzed using a VNA instrument to evaluate its frequency response and the magnitude of the alteration in the transmission coefficient. The values are utilized to create a two-dimensional polynomial regression model. The experiments demonstrated that the proposed sensor model possesses an Adjusted R² value of 0.99499 and an average error of approximately 3.57% for glucose concentration analysis throughout the range of 5% to 30%, with sensitivities of 0.00879 dB/% for insertion loss and 0.092 MHz/% for frequency variation, facilitating accurate glucose concentration prediction analysis.

关键词： Analytical models Adaptation models Correlation Liquids Predictive models Microwave sensors Polynomials Fractals Glucose Predictive analytics

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Effective Dimension Aware Fractional-Order Stochastic Gradient Descent for Convex Optimization Problems

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Partohaghighi, Mohammad Marcia, Roummel Chen, YangQuan Electrical Engineering and Computer Science graduate program University of California Merced United States Department of Applied Mathematics University of California Merced MercedCA United States Lab Department of Mechanical Engineering School of Engineering University of California MercedCA95343 United States

Fractional-order stochastic gradient descent (FOSGD) leverages a fractional exponent to capture long-memory effects in optimization, yet its practical impact is often constrained by the difficulty of tuning and stabilizing this exponent. In this work, we introduce 2SED Fractional-Order Stochastic Gradient Descent (2SEDFOSGD), a novel method that synergistically combines the Two-Scale Effective Dimension (2SED) algorithm with FOSGD to automatically calibrate the fractional exponent in a data-driven manner. By continuously gauging model sensitivity and effective dimensionality, 2SED dynamically adjusts the exponent to curb erratic oscillations and enhance convergence rates. Theoretically, we demonstrate how this dimension-aware adaptation retains the benefits of fractional memory while averting the sluggish or unstable behaviors frequently observed in naive fractional SGD. Empirical evaluations across multiple benchmarks confirm that our 2SED-driven fractional exponent approach not only converges faster but also achieves more robust final performance, suggesting broad applicability for fractional-order methodologies in large-scale machine learning and related domains. © 2025, CC BY.

关键词： Convex optimization

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Battling the Non-stationarity in Time Series Forecasting via Test-time Adaptation

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Kim, HyunGi Kim, Siwon Mok, Jisoo Yoon, Sungroh Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Seoul National University Korea Republic of Interdisciplinary Program in Artificial Intelligence Seoul National University Korea Republic of AIIS ASRI INMC Seoul National University Korea Republic of

Deep Neural Networks have spearheaded remarkable advancements in time series forecasting (TSF), one of the major tasks in time series modeling. Nonetheless, the non-stationarity of time series undermines the reliability of pre-trained source time series forecasters in mission-critical deployment settings. In this study, we introduce a pioneering test-time adaptation framework tailored for TSF (TSF-TTA). TAFAS, the proposed approach to TSF-TTA, flexibly adapts source forecasters to continuously shifting test distributions while preserving the core semantic information learned during pre-training. The novel utilization of partially-observed ground truth and gated calibration module enables proactive, robust, and model-agnostic adaptation of source forecasters. Experiments on diverse benchmark datasets and cutting-edge architectures demonstrate the efficacy and generality of TAFAS, especially in long-term forecasting scenarios that suffer from significant distribution shifts. The code is available at https://***/kimanki/TAFAS. © 2025, CC BY-NC-SA.

关键词： Deep neural networks

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UAV-Based Real-Time Air Quality Monitoring and Prediction Using Machine Learning Approach

引用

IEEE Internet of Things Journal 2025年

作者： Hsu, Huan-Chia Tarekegn, Getaneh Berie Getnet, Mastewal Endeshaw Yu, Kuo-Pin Tai, Li-Chia NYCU Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Hsinchu 30010 Taiwan NYCU Institute of Electrical and Control Engineering Hsinchu 30010 Taiwan NYCU Institute of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Taipei 112304 Taiwan NYCU Department of International Health Program Taipei 112304 Taiwan

Globally, air pollution has become a major problem due to the growth of the human population and rapid urbanization, posing a serious threat to the environment and human health. Currently, most monitoring systems are based on fixed monitoring stations and are inefficient due to slow response time. An accurate and real-time air quality monitoring and prediction (AQMP) system is required to prevent health problems caused by air pollution. With the swift advancement of Internet of Things (IoT) technologies such as low-cost sensors and advanced wireless communication systems capable of sensing their environment, connecting with other systems, and interacting with users. To overcome the problems of existing systems, this paper aims to develop an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)-based real-time AQMP system by integrating artificial intelligence and data science technologies. The proposed UAV is equipped with lightweight air quality sensors including particulate matter (i.e., PM_2.5 and PM₁₀), carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO₂), and ozone (O₃), and meteorological sensors. The sensors are mounted on the UAV via the microcontroller, and the sensors reading data is transmitted to the web server via a message queueing telemetry transport (MQTT) protocol using a 5G mobile network module. Practical experiments were conducted in Hsinchu City and the industrial area of Yunlin County to collect real-time air pollutant data. Then, we employed a hybrid of attention mechanism, convolutional neural network (CNN) and gated recurrent unit (GRU) algorithms to predict future air quality levels. Experimental results show that the proposed system improves prediction performance compared with baseline time series algorithms. © 2014 IEEE.

关键词： air quality monitoring deep learning lightweight sensor prediction system Unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)

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Effects of Incident Angle on Single-Event Leakage Current Degradation in Heavy-Ion Irradiated 1800 v and 4500 v SiC Power MOSFETs

引用

IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science 2025年

作者： Sengupta, A. Martinella, C. Ball, D.R. Niskanen, K. Senarath, A.S. Islam, S. Harris, P.M. Hutson, J.M. Osheroff, J.M. Sternberg, A.L. Kettunen, H. Kosier, S.L. Grossner, U. Javanainen, A. Galloway, K.F. Schrimpf, R.D. Witulski, A.F. Zürich8092 Switzerland Vanderbilt University Interdisciplinary Materials Science Program NashvilleTN37235 United States Lipscomb University Electrical and Computer Engineering Department NashvilleTN37204 United States NASA/GSFC Code 561.4 GreenbeltMD20771 United States Vanderbilt University Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Department B 351825 NashvilleTN37235 United States University of Jyväskylä Department of Physics Jyväskylä40014 Finland

Experimental heavy-ion responses of two variants of SiC power MOSFETs are evaluated. The devices have similar epitaxial thickness but different doping. The higher doping in the epitaxial region results in lower breakdown voltage, and typically leads to a lower threshold drain voltage at which single-event leakage current (SELC) occurs. Furthermore, the heavy-ion-induced SELC degradation in the drain and gate currents of the SiC MOSFETs exhibit a strong dependence on the heavy-ion's angle of incidence. The devices' behavior significantly alters when irradiated with heavy-ions at different incident angles under the same fixed bias and total fluence, as also confirmed by 3-D Technology computer Aided Design (TCAD) simulations. © 1963-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Power MOSFET

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Alignment-Free Estimation of Read to Genome Distances and Its Applications

Alignment-Free Estimation of Read to Genome Distances and...

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29th International Conference on Research in Computational Molecular Biology, RECOMB 2025

作者： Şapcı, Ali Osman Berk Mirarab, Siavash Bioinformatics and Systems Biology Graduate Program UC San Diego San DiegoCA92093 United States Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering UC San Diego San DiegoCA92093 United States

ISBN: (纸本)9783031902512

Searching reads from unknown origins in a reference database and finding evolutionarily similar genomes is central to many applications. Quantifying the similarity by estimating the distance between each read and matching references could further help downstream analyses such as taxonomic characterization or even placing the read on a reference phylogeny. Such distances can be computed using alignment. Since alignment becomes impractical for ultra-large reference databases, many use k-mer-based tools for downstream tasks, but these methods do not compute distances. We introduce krepp to compute the distance between a read and a genome using a maximum likelihood framework built around k-mers. We further introduce algorithms to place reads on a reference tree. Empirical evaluations show that krepp accurately estimates distances, scales well with large databases, and can place short reads coming from any part of the genome on a reference phylogeny. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2025.

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Evaluating the Systematic Reasoning Abilities of Large Language Models through Graph Coloring

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Heyman, Alex Zylberberg, Joel Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science York University TorontoON Canada Jules Stein Eye Institute University of California Los AngelesCA United States Learning in Machines and Brains Program CIFAR TorontoON Canada

Contemporary large language models are powerful problem-solving tools, but they exhibit weaknesses in their reasoning abilities which ongoing research seeks to mitigate. We investigate graph coloring as a means of evaluating an LLM’s capacities for systematic step-by-step reasoning and possibility space exploration, as well as effects of semantic problem framing. We test Claude 3.5 Sonnet, Llama 3.1 405B, Gemini 1.5 Pro, GPT-4o, o1-mini, and DeepSeek-R1 on a dataset of k-coloring problems with 2 ≤ k ≤ 4 and vertex count 4 ≤ n ≤ 8, using partial algorithmic solvers to further categorize problems by difficulty. In addition to substantial but varying framing effects, we find that all models except o1-mini and R1 exhibit > 60% error rates on difficult problem types in all frames (> 15% for o1-mini and > 10% for R1), and no model achieves perfect accuracy even in the simple domain of 2-coloring 4-vertex graphs. Our results highlight both the considerable recent progress in LLM systematic reasoning and the limits of its reliability, especially in relation to increasing computational costs. We expect that more complex graph coloring problems, and procedural generation of arbitrary-complexity reasoning problems more broadly, offer further untapped potential for LLM benchmarking. © 2025, CC BY.

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Contract-Inspired Contest Theory for Controllable Image Generation in Mobile Edge Metaverse

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Liu, Guangyuan Du, Hongyang Wang, Jiacheng Niyato, Dusit Kim, Dong In College of Computing and Data Science The Energy Research Institute @ NTU Interdisciplinary Graduate Program Nanyang Technological University Singapore Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering University of Hong Kong Hong Kong College of Computing and Data Science Nanyang Technological University Singapore Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Sungkyunkwan University Korea Republic of

The rapid advancement of immersive technologies has propelled the development of the Metaverse, where the convergence of virtual and physical realities necessitates the generation of high-quality, photorealistic images to enhance user experience. However, generating these images, especially through Generative Diffusion Models (GDMs), in mobile edge computing environments presents significant challenges due to the limited computing resources of edge devices and the dynamic nature of wireless networks. This paper proposes a novel framework that integrates contract-inspired contest theory, Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL), and GDMs to optimize image generation in these resource-constrained environments. The framework addresses the critical challenges of resource allocation and semantic data transmission quality by incentivizing edge devices to efficiently transmit high-quality semantic data, which is essential for creating realistic and immersive images. The use of contest and contract theory ensures that edge devices are motivated to allocate resources effectively, while DRL dynamically adjusts to network conditions, optimizing the overall image generation process. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed approach not only improves the quality of generated images but also achieves superior convergence speed and stability compared to traditional methods. This makes the framework particularly effective for optimizing complex resource allocation tasks in mobile edge Metaverse applications, offering enhanced performance and efficiency in creating immersive virtual environments. © 2025, CC BY.

关键词： Mobile edge computing

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MathReader: Text-to-Speech for Mathematical Documents

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Hyeon, Sieun Jung, Kyudan Kim, Nam-Joon Ryu, Hyun Gon Do, Jaeyoung Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Seoul National University Korea Republic of Department of Mathematics Chung-Ang University Korea Republic of NVIDIA United States Interdisciplinary Program in Artificial Intelligence Seoul National University Korea Republic of

TTS (Text-to-Speech) document reader from Microsoft, Adobe, Apple, and OpenAI have been serviced worldwide. They provide relatively good TTS results for general plain text, but sometimes skip contents or provide unsatisfactory results for mathematical expressions. This is because most modern academic papers are written in LaTeX, and when LaTeX formulas are compiled, they are rendered as distinctive text forms within the document. However, traditional TTS document readers output only the text as it is recognized, without considering the mathematical meaning of the formulas. To address this issue, we propose MathReader, which effectively integrates OCR, a fine-tuned T5 model, and TTS. MathReader demonstrated a lower Word Error Rate (WER) than existing TTS document readers, such as Microsoft Edge and Adobe Acrobat, when processing documents containing mathematical formulas. MathReader reduced the WER from 0.510 to 0.281 compared to Microsoft Edge, and from 0.617 to 0.281 compared to Adobe Acrobat. This will significantly contribute to alleviating the inconvenience faced by users who want to listen to documents, especially those who are visually impaired. The code is available at https://***/hyeonsieun/MathReader. Copyright © 2025, The Authors. All rights reserved.

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Performance of Building-Integrated Photovoltaic and Addressing the Challenges of Color, Safety, and Light-Emitting Diode Integration

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Physica Status Solidi (A) Applications and Materials Science 2025年第0期

作者： Mohammed, Shurouq Abdulqadir Yousuf, Hasnain Jony, Jaljalalul Abedin Khokhar, Muhammad Quddamah Rahman, Rafi Ur Aida, Maha Nur Alamgeer Park, Sangheon Yi, Junsin Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Sungkyunkwan University Gyeonggi-Do Suwon16419 Korea Republic of Interdisciplinary Program in Photovoltaic System Engineering Sungkyunkwan University Gyeonggi-Do Suwon16419 Korea Republic of Department of Future Energy Engineering Sungkyunkwan University Gyeonggi-Do Suwon16419 Korea Republic of College of Information and Communication Engineering Sungkyunkwan University Gyeonggi-Do Suwon16419 Korea Republic of

Building-integrated photovoltaics (BIPVs) provide a dual-purpose solution, functioning as both energy-generating systems and integral building materials. BIPV adoption has been limited due to a lack of color integration, preventing the panels from being used in building designs. However, efforts to incorporate color into the BIPV layers have been made, but they often reduce panel efficiency. BIPV implementation faces several challenges that hinder widespread adoption, such as fire safety concerns and the integration of color aesthetics and light-emitting diode technology. This article explores these challenges and recent advancements that enhance the aesthetic versatility and efficiency of BIPV systems, including the use of quantum dots, Bragg reflectors, and silver-alloyed copper indium gallium selenide cells. The study also highlights critical considerations for optimizing BIPV systems, such as energy performance and fire safety. PVsyst 7.2 simulation results for a 10 kW BIPV system installed in South Korea demonstrate effective strategies for mitigating efficiency losses through investigating the orientation of angles. Results showcase a high-performance ratio of 0.891, a high production of 14 147 kWh year−1 at a tilt angle of 30° while facing south, and a peak energy of almost 1450 kWh injected into the grid under varying conditions. © 2025 Wiley-VCH GmbH.

关键词： building-integrated photovoltaics colors efficiencies light-emitting diodes technologies

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