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Ph.D. Research in Microelectronics and Electronics (PRIME)

作者： Galo Andres Torres Sevilla Jhonathan Prieto Rojas Muhammad Mustafa Hussain Computer Electrical and Mathematical Engineering Division King Abdullah University of Science and Technology Thuwal Mekkah Saudi Arabia

Brain's stunning speed, energy efficiency and massive parallelism makes it the role model for upcoming high performance computation systems. Although human brain components are a million times slower than state of the art silicon industry components [1], they can perform 1016 operations per second while consuming less power than an electrical light bulb. In order to perform the same amount of computation with today's most advanced computers, the output of an entire power station would be needed. In that sense, to obtain brain like computation, ultra-fast devices with ultra-low power consumption will have to be integrated in extremely reduced areas, achievable only if brain folded structure is mimicked. Therefore, to allow brain-inspired computation, flexible and transparent platform will be needed to achieve foldable structures and their integration on asymmetric surfaces. In this work, we show a new method to fabricate 3D and planar FET architectures in flexible and semitransparent silicon fabric without comprising performance and maintaining cost/yield advantage offered by silicon-based electronics.

关键词： Silicon Substrates Performance evaluation Fabrication FinFETs Logic gates

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Acoustic Fano resonators

Acoustic Fano resonators

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USNC-URSI Radio science Meeting (Joint with AP-S Symposium)

作者： Muhammad Amin Mohamed Farhat Hakan Bağcı Division of Computer Electrical and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) Thuwal KSA

Summary form only given. The resonances with asymmetric Fano line-shapes were originally discovered in the context of quantum mechanics (U. Fano, Phys. Rev., 124, 1866-1878, 1961). Quantum Fano resonances were generated from destructive interference of a discrete state with a continuum one. During the last decade this concept has been applied in plasmonics where the interference between a narrowband polariton and a broader one has been used to generate electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) (M. Rahmani, et al., Laser Photon. Rev., 7, 329-349, 2013). In this work, an acoustic device, which supports a Fano-like resonance in its response to an incident sound wave, is designed. The design consists of a 2D array of sub-wavelength unit cells, each of which involves a pair of concentric stopped pipes made of rigid acoustic material. The (longitudinal) acoustic resonance frequency of a pipe depends on its length and the way it is closed. The frequencies of the fundamental resonance in a uniform and canonical pipe of length L are approximately c / (4L) and c / (2L) , respectively. Here, c is the speed of sound. The asymmetric Fano line-shape originates from the interference of two such fundamental modes associated with two pipes with different lengths. In the design proposed here this is achieved by locating a small pipe inside a wider/longer one. Acoustically induced transparency (AIT) is achieved from the destructive interference of two closely spaced (detuned) fundamental modes that decay to the same continuum. Numerical characterization of acoustic pressure wave interactions on the proposed design demonstrates that it can be used to generate novel ultrasonic functionalities such as filters, collimators, and imaging via slow sound. Additionally, the design is flexible enough to allow for generation of multi-AIT effects by using more than two pipes within th unit celll

关键词： Acoustics Interference Resonant frequency computers Educational institutions Context Quantum computing

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Nonlinear microwave imaging using Levenberg-Marquardt method with iterative shrinkage thresholding

Nonlinear microwave imaging using Levenberg-Marquardt method...

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USNC-URSI Radio science Meeting (Joint with AP-S Symposium)

作者： Abdulla Desmal Hakan Bağcı Division of Computer Electrical and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) Thuwal KSA

Summary form only given. Development of microwave imaging methods applicable in sparse investigation domains is becoming a research focus in computational electromagnetics (D.W. Winters and S.C. Hagness, IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., 58(1), 145-154, 2010). This is simply due to the fact that sparse/sparsified domains naturally exist in many applications including remote sensing, medical imaging, crack detection, hydrocarbon reservoir exploration, and see-through-the-wall imaging. In this work, for the first time, a nonlinear scheme is proposed for solving the two-dimensional inverse electromagnetic scattering problem on sparse domains. The nonlinearity and ill-posedness of the problem are tackled using LevenbergMarquardt (A. Franchois and C. Pichot, IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., 45(2), 203-215, 1997) and iterative shrinkage (I. Daubechies, et. al., Commun. Pure Appl. Math, 57(11), 1413-1457, 2004) algorithms, respectively. The Levenberg-Marquardt scheme, first, expresses the scattering equations as a nonlinear function of contrast to construct a “forward model”. Then, using this forward model and its Frechet derivative within a Newton-like iterative scheme, a sequence of linear ill-posed systems is constructed. These ill-posed systems are regularized using weighted zeroth/first penalty term. The resulting minimization problem is solved using an iterative shrinkage algorithm. However, naive application of these algorithms results in very slow convergence rates. To this end, a two-step iterative thresholding (TWIST) is used (J. M. BioucasDias and M. A. Figueiredo, IEEE Trans. Image Process., 16(12), 2992-3004, 2007). TWIST increases the convergence rate of shrinkage iterations by using updates weighted between the current iteration and the previous one. The weights are selected depending on the largest and smallest singular values of the discretized Frechet derivative. Note that TWIST applies the thresholding to the Newton step. Additionally, to maintaining the sparsi

关键词： Mathematical model Convergence Microwave imaging Microwave technology Antennas

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Minimization of decision tree depth for multi-label decision tables

Minimization of decision tree depth for multi-label decision...

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IEEE International Conference on Granular Computing (GRC)

作者： Mohammad Azad Mikhail Moshkov Computer Electrical & Mathematical Sciences & Engineering Division King Abdullah University of Science and Technology Thuwal Saudi Arabia

In this paper, we consider multi-label decision tables that have a set of decisions attached to each row. Our goal is to find one decision from the set of decisions for each row by using decision tree as our tool. Considering our target to minimize the depth of the decision tree, we devised various kinds of greedy algorithms as well as dynamic programming algorithm. When we compare with the optimal result obtained from dynamic programming algorithm, we found some greedy algorithms produces results which are close to the optimal result for the minimization of depth of decision trees.

关键词： Decision trees Heuristic algorithms Uncertainty Greedy algorithms Impurities Measurement uncertainty Entropy

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Optimized 425MHz Passive Wireless Magnetic Field Sensor

Optimized 425MHz Passive Wireless Magnetic Field Sensor

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IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Symposium

作者： Bodong Li Jürgen Kosel Computer Electrical and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering Division King Abdullah University of Science and Technology Thuwal Saudi Arabia

ISBN: (纸本)9781479938704

A passive, magnetic field sensor consisting of a 425 MHz surface acoustic wave device loaded with a giant magnetoimpedance element is developed. The GMI element with a multilayer structure composed of Ni_(80)Fe_(20)/Cu/Ni_(80)Fe_(20), is fabricated on a 128° Y-X cut LiNbO_3 LiNb03 substrate. The integrated sensor is characterized with a network analyzer through an S-parameter measurement. Upon the application of a magnetic field, a maximum magnitude change and phase shift of 7.8 dB and 27 degree, respectively, are observed. Within the linear region, the magnetic sensitivity is 1.6 dB/Oe and 5 deg/Oe.

关键词： Wireless Magnetic Sensor Passive Sensor Magnetoimpedance GMI Surface Acoustic Wave SAW

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Greedy heuristics for minimization of number of terminal nodes in decision trees

Greedy heuristics for minimization of number of terminal nod...

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IEEE International Conference on Granular Computing (GRC)

作者： Shahid Hussain Computer Electrical and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering Division King Abdullah University of Science and Technology Thuwal Saudi Arabia

This paper describes, in detail, several greedy heuristics for construction of decision trees. We study the number of terminal nodes of decision trees, which is closely related with the cardinality of the set of rules corresponding to the tree. We compare these heuristics empirically for two different types of datasets (datasets acquired from UCI ML Repository and randomly generated data) as well as compare with the optimal results obtained using dynamic programming method.

关键词： Decision trees Greedy algorithms Heuristic algorithms Impurities Uncertainty Cost function Measurement uncertainty

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Sequential decoders for large MIMO systems

Sequential decoders for large MIMO systems

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International Symposium on Modeling and Optimization in Mobile, Ad Hoc, and Wireless Networks (WiOpt)

作者： Konpal Shaukat Ali Walid Abediseid Mohamed-Slim Alouini Computer Electrical and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering Division King Abdullah University of Science and Technology KAUST Saudi Arabia

ISBN: (纸本)9781479953059

Due to their ability to provide high data rates, multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems have become increasingly popular. Decoding of these systems with acceptable error performance is computationally very demanding. In this paper, we employ the Sequential Decoder using the Fano Algorithm for large MIMO systems. A parameter called the bias is varied to attain different performance-complexity trade-offs. Low values of the bias result in excellent performance but at the expense of high complexity and vice versa for higher bias values. Numerical results are done that show moderate bias values result in a decent performance-complexity trade-off. We also attempt to bound the error by bounding the bias, using the minimum distance of a lattice. The variations in complexity with SNR have an interesting trend that shows room for considerable improvement. Our work is compared against linear decoders (LDs) aided with Element-based Lattice Reduction (ELR) and Complex Lenstra-Lenstra-Lovasz (CLLL) reduction.

关键词： Decoding Complexity theory Signal to noise ratio Lattices Vectors MIMO Receiving antennas

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A finite volume method for large-eddy simulation of shallow water equations 7

A finite volume method for large-eddy simulation of shallow ...

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7th International Symposium on Finite Volumes for Complex Applications-Problems and Perspectives, FVCA7

作者： Saad, Bilal Saad, Mazen Division of Computer Electrical and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering King Abdullah University of Science and Technology 4700 KAUST Thuwal23955-6900 Saudi Arabia Ecole Centrale de Nantes 1 rue de la Noé BP 92101 Nantes44321 France

ISBN: (纸本)9783319055909

We study the convergence of a combined finite volume nonconforming finite element scheme on general meshes for a partially miscible two-phase flow model in anisotropic porous media. This model includes capillary effects and exchange between the phase. The diffusion term,which can be anisotropic and heterogeneous, is discretized by piecewise linear nonconforming triangular finite elements. The other terms are discretized by means of a cell-centered finite volume scheme on a dual mesh. The relative permeability of each phase is decentred according the sign of the velocity at the dual interface. The convergence of the scheme is proved thanks to an estimate on the two pressures which allows to show estimates on the discrete time and compactness results in the case of degenerate relative permeabilities. A key point in the scheme is to use particular averaging formula for the dissolution function arising in the diffusion term. We show also a simulation of CO2injection in a water saturated reservoir and nuclear waste management. Numerical results are obtained by in-house numerical code. © Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2014.

关键词： Finite volume method

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Conformational Dynamics of apo‐GlnBP Revealed by Experimental and Computational Analysis

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Angewandte Chemie 2016年第45期128卷

作者： Yitao Feng Lu Zhang Shaowen Wu Zhijun Liu Xin Gao Xu Zhang Maili Liu Jianwei Liu Xuhui Huang Wenning Wang Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials Department of Chemistry and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences Fudan University Shanghai P.R. China Department of Chemistry The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Clear Water Bay Kowloon Hong Kong National Center for Protein Science Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai China King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) Computational Bioscience Research Center (CBRC) Computer Electrical and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering (CEMSE) Division Thuwal 23955 Saudi Arabia Key Laboratory of Magnetic and Resonance in Biological Systems State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics Centre for Magnetic Resonance Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics Chinese Academy of Sciences Wuhan China Division of Biomedical Engineering Center of Systems Biology and Human Health Institute for Advance Study and School of Science The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Clear Water Bay Kowloon Hong Kong

The glutamine binding protein (GlnBP) binds l ‐glutamine and cooperates with its cognate transporters during glutamine uptake. Crystal structure analysis has revealed an open and a closed conformation for apo‐ and holo‐GlnBP, respectively. However, the detailed conformational dynamics have remained unclear. Herein, we combined NMR spectroscopy, MD simulations, and single‐molecule FRET techniques to decipher the conformational dynamics of apo‐GlnBP. The NMR residual dipolar couplings of apo‐GlnBP were in good agreement with a MD‐derived structure ensemble consisting of four metastable states. The open and closed conformations are the two major states. This four‐state model was further validated by smFRET experiments and suggests the conformational selection mechanism in ligand recognition of GlnBP.

关键词： FRET Konformationsdynamik Moleküldynamik NMR-Spektroskopie Proteinfaltung

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Downlink scheduling using non-orthogonal uplink beams

Downlink scheduling using non-orthogonal uplink beams

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IEEE Conference on Wireless Communications and Networking

作者： Mohammed E. Eltayeb Tareq Y. Al-Naffouri Hamid Reza Bahrami Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering The University of Akron Ohio USA Electrical Engineering Department King Abdullah University of Science and Technology Thuwal Saudi Arabia

ISBN: (纸本)9781479930845

Opportunistic schedulers rely on the feedback of the channel state information of users in order to perform user selection and downlink scheduling. This feedback increases with the number of users, and can lead to inefficient use of network resources and scheduling delays. We tackle the problem of feedback design, and propose a novel class of nonorthogonal codes to feed back channel state information. Users with favorable channel conditions simultaneously transmit their channel state information via non-orthogonal beams to the base station. The proposed formulation allows the base station to identify the strong users via a simple correlation process. After deriving the minimum required code length and closed-form expressions for the feedback load and downlink capacity, we show that: the proposed algorithm reduces the feedback load while matching the achievable rate of full feedback algorithms operating over a noiseless feedback channel; and the proposed codes are superior to the Gaussian codes.

关键词： Signal to noise ratio Interference Vectors Uplink Downlink Correlation

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