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A new paradigm in the design of energy-efficient digital circuits using laterally-actuated double-gate NEMS 10

A new paradigm in the design of energy-efficient digital cir...

引用

Proceedings of the 16th ACM/IEEE international symposium on Low power electronics and design

作者： Dadgour, Hamed F. Hussain, Muhammad M. Banerjee, Kaustav Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of California Santa Barbara United States King Abdullah University of Science and Technology Thuwal Saudi Arabia

ISBN: (纸本)9781450301466

Nano-Electro-Mechanical Switches (NEMS) offer the prospect of improved energy-efficiency in digital circuits due to their near-zero subthreshold leakage and extremely low subthreshold swing values. Among the different approaches of implementing NEMS, laterallyactuated double-gate NEMS devices have attracted much attention as they provide unique and exciting circuit design opportunities. For instance, this paper demonstrates that compact XOR/XNOR gates can be implemented using only two such NEMS transistors. While this in itself is a major improvement, its implications for minimizing Boolean functions using Karnaugh maps (K-maps) are even more significant. In the standard K-map technique, which is used in digital circuit design, adjacent "1s" (minterms) are grouped only in horizontal and/or vertical directions;the diagonal (or zig-zag) grouping of adjacent "1s" is not an option due to the absence of compact XOR/XNOR gates. However, this work demonstrates, for the first time ever, that in lateral double-gate NEMS-based circuits, grouping of minterms is possible in horizontal and vertical as well as diagonal fashions. This is because the diagonal groupings of minterms require XOR/XNOR operations, which are available in such NEMS-based circuits at minimal costs. This novel design paradigm facilitates more compact implementations of Boolean functions and thus, considerably improves their energy-efficiency. For example, a lateral NEMS-based full-adder is implemented using less than half the number of transistors, which is required by a CMOS-based full-adder. Furthermore, circuit simulations are performed to evaluate the energy-efficiencies of the NEMS-based 32-bit carry-save adders compared to their standard CMOS-based counterparts. Copyright 2010 ACM.

关键词： Boolean functions

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A unified framework for the statistical characterization of the SNR of amplify-and-forward multihop channels

A unified framework for the statistical characterization of ...

引用

2010 17th International Conference on Telecommunications, ICT 2010

作者： Yilmaz, Ferkan Kucur, Ǒguz Alouini, Mohamed-Slim Electrical Engineering Program King Abdullah University of Science and Technology Mekkah Province Thuwal Saudi Arabia Electronics Engineering Department Gebze Institute of Technology P.K. 141 41400 Cayirova Gebze Kocaeli Turkey

ISBN: (纸本)9781424452477

In this paper, we present a unified approach to analyze the exact statistical characteristics of the harmonic mean of N ≥ 2 statistically independent and non-identically distributed random variables (RVs), which we term the N-normalized harmonic distribution (i.e., NHD distribution), for the purpose of modeling the amplify-and-forward multihop relay channels. We present exact statistical metrics for the moments-generating function (MGF), moments (Mellin moments-generating function), probability density function (PDF) and cumulative distribution function (CDF) of the NHD distribution. Aside from unifying past results based on the geometric-mean approximation of the harmonic-mean, our approach relies on the algebraic combination of Mellin and Laplace transforms to obtain exact single integral expressions which can be easily computed using the Gauss-Laguerre quadrature rule or can be readily expressed in terms of the multivariable Meijer's G of Fox's H functions. Numerical and simulation results, performed to verify the correctness of the proposed formulation, are in perfect agreement. The proposed formulation can be used to analyze the performance measures of the amplify-and-forward multihop relay channels such as outage probability, outage capacity, average capacity and average bit error probabilities. © 2009 IEEE.

关键词： Probability density function

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Nonlinear analysis of ring oscillator circuits

Nonlinear analysis of ring oscillator circuits

引用

作者： Ge, Xiaoqing Arcak, Murat Salama, Khaled N. Department of Electrical Computer and Systems Engineering Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute Troy NY United States Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences University of California Berkeley CA United States Department of Electrical Engineering King Abdullah University of Science and Technology Jeddah Saudi Arabia

ISBN: (纸本)9781424474264

Using nonlinear systems techniques, we analyze the stability properties and synchronization conditions for ring oscillator circuits, which are essential building blocks in digital systems. By making use of its cyclic structure, we investigate local and global stability properties of an n-stage ring oscillator. We present a sufficient condition for global asymptotic stability of the origin and obtain necessity if the ring oscillator consists of identical inverter elements. We then give a synchronization condition for identical interconnected ring oscillators. © 2010 AACC.

关键词： Nonlinear analysis

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An Adaptive Hybrid Multiprocessor technique for bioinformatics sequence alignment

An Adaptive Hybrid Multiprocessor technique for bioinformati...

引用

Cairo International Biomedical engineering Conference, CIBEC

作者： Talal Bonny M. Affan Zidan Khaled N. Salama Electrical Engineering Program King Abdullah University for Science and Technology Thuwal Saudi Arabia

Sequence alignment algorithms such as the Smith-Waterman algorithm are among the most important applications in the development of bioinformatics. Sequence alignment algorithms must process large amounts of data which may take a long time. Here, we introduce our Adaptive Hybrid Multiprocessor technique to accelerate the implementation of the Smith-Waterman algorithm. Our technique utilizes both the graphics processing unit (GPU) and the central processing unit (CPU). It adapts to the implementation according to the number of CPUs given as input by efficiently distributing the workload between the processing units. Using existing resources (GPU and CPU) in an efficient way is a novel approach. The peak performance achieved for the platforms GPU + CPU, GPU + 2CPUs, and GPU + 3CPUs is 10.4 GCUPS, 13.7 GCUPS, and 18.6 GCUPS, respectively (with the query length of 511 amino acid).

关键词： Graphics processing unit Databases Central Processing Unit Bioinformatics Acceleration Heuristic algorithms Amino acids

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Gain optimization method of a DQW superluminescent diode with broad multi-state emission

Gain optimization method of a DQW superluminescent diode wit...

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2010 Photonics Global Conference, PGC 2010

作者： Dimas, C.E. Djie, H.S. Ooi, B.S. Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Lehigh University Bethlehem PA 18015 United States Masdar Institute United Arab Emirates JDS Uniphase United States King Abdullah University of Science and Technology Saudi Arabia

ISBN: (纸本)9781424498826

Optimizing gain through systematic methods of varying current injection schemes analytically is significant to maximize experimentally device yield and evaluation. Various techniques are used to calculate the amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) gain for light emitting devices consisting of single-section and multiple-sections of even length. Recently double quantum well (DQW) superluminescent diodes (SLD) have shown a broad multi-state emission due to mutlielectrodes of non-equal lengths and at high non-equal current densities. In this study, we adopt an improved method utilizing an ASE intensity ratio to calibrate a gain curve based on the sum of the measured ASE spectra to efficiently estimate the gain. Although the laser gain for GaAs/AlGaAs material is well studied, the ASE gain of SLD devices has not been systematically studied particular to further explain the multiple-state emission observed in fabricated devices. In addition a unique gain estimate was achieved where the excited state gain clamps prior to the ground state due to approaching saturation levels. In our results, high current densities in long sectioned active regions achieved sufficient un-truncated gain that show evidence of excited state emission has been observed.

关键词： Excited states

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Adaptively detecting changes in Autonomic Grid Computing

Adaptively detecting changes in Autonomic Grid Computing

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作者： Zhang, Xiangliang Germain, Cecile Sebag, Michele Mathematical and Computer Sciences and Engineering Division King Abdullah University of Science and Technology Saudi Arabia TAO - LRI CNRS Université Paris-Sud 11 France

ISBN: (纸本)9781424493487

Detecting the changes is the common issue in many application fields due to the non-stationary distribution of the applicative data, e.g., sensor network signals, web logs and gridrunning logs. Toward Autonomic Grid Computing, adaptively detecting the changes in a grid system can help to alarm the anomalies, clean the noises, and report the new patterns. In this paper, we proposed an approach of self-adaptive change detection based on the Page-Hinkley statistic test. It handles the non-stationary distribution without the assumption of data distribution and the empirical setting of parameters. We validate the approach on the EGEE streaming jobs, and report its better performance on achieving higher accuracy comparing to the other change detection methods. Meanwhile this change detection process could help to discover the device fault which was not claimed in the system logs. © 2010 IEEE.

关键词： Grid computing

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Phonetically rich and balanced Arabic speech corpus: An overview

Phonetically rich and balanced Arabic speech corpus: An over...

引用

International Conference on computer and Communication engineering, ICCCE'10

作者： Abushariah, Mohammad A.M. Ainon, Raja N. Zainuddin, Roziati Khalifa, Othman O. Elshafei, Moustafa Faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology University of Malaya 50603 Kuala Lumpur Malaysia Department of Computer Information Systems King Abdullah II School for Information Technology University of Jordan 11942 Amman Jordan Electrical and Computer Engineering Department Faculty of Engineering International Islamic University Malaysia Gombak 53100 Kuala Lumpur Malaysia Department of Systems Engineering King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals Box 405 Dhahran 31261 Saudi Arabia

ISBN: (纸本)9781424462346

Lack of spoken and written training data is one of the main issues encountered by Arabic automatic speech recognition (ASR) researchers. Almost all written and spoken corpora are not readily available to the public and many of them can only be obtained by purchasing from the Linguistic Data Consortium (LDC) or the European Language Resource Association (ELRA). There is more shortage of spoken training data as compared to written training data resulting in a great need for more speech corpora in order to serve different domains of Arabic ASR. The available spoken corpora were mainly collected from broadcast news (radios and televisions), and telephone conversations having certain technical and quality shortcomings. In order to produce a robust speaker-independent continuous automatic Arabic speech recognizer, a set of speech recordings that are rich and balanced is required. The rich characteristic is in the sense that it must contain all the phonemes of Arabic language. It must be balanced in preserving the phonetics distribution of Arabic language too. This set of speech recordings must be based on a proper written set of sentences and phrases created by experts. Therefore, it is crucial to create a high quality written (text) set of the sentences and phrases before recording them. This work adds a new kind of possible speech data for Arabic language based text and speech applications besides other kinds such as broadcast news and telephone conversations. Therefore, this work is an invitation to all Arabic ASR developers and research groups to explore and capitalize. © 2010 IEEE.

关键词： Linguistics

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Natural speaker-independent Arabic speech recognition system based on Hidden Markov Models using Sphinx tools

Natural speaker-independent Arabic speech recognition system...

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International Conference on computer and Communication engineering, ICCCE'10

作者： Abushariah, Mohammad A. M. Ainon, Raja N. Zainuddin, Roziati Elshafei, Moustafa Khalifa, Othman O. Faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology University of Malaya 50603 Kuala Lumpur Malaysia Department of Computer Information Systems King Abdullah II School for Information Technology University of Jordan 11942 Amman Jordan Department of Systems Engineering King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals Box 405 Dhahran 31261 Saudi Arabia Electrical and Computer Engineering Department Faculty of Engineering International Islamic University Malaysia Gombak 53100 Kuala Lumpur Malaysia

ISBN: (纸本)9781424462346

This paper reports the design, implementation, and evaluation of a research work for developing a high performance natural speaker-independent Arabic continuous speech recognition system. It aims to explore the usefulness and success of a newly developed speech corpus, which is phonetically rich and balanced, presenting a competitive approach towards the development of an Arabic ASR system as compared to the state-of-the-art Arabic ASR researches. The developed Arabic ASR mainly used the Carnegie Mellon university (CMU) Sphinx tools together with the Cambridge HTK tools. To extract features from speech signals, Mel-Frequency Cepstral Coefficients (MFCC) technique was applied producing a set of feature vectors. Subsequently, the system uses five-state Hidden Markov Models (HMM) with three emitting states for tri-phone acoustic modeling. The emission probability distribution of the states was best using continuous density 16 Gaussian mixture distributions. The state distributions were tied to 500 senons. The language model contains uni-grams, bi-grams, and tri-grams. The system was trained on 7.0 hours of phonetically rich and balanced Arabic speech corpus and tested on another one hour. For similar speakers but different sentences, the system obtained a word recognition accuracy of 92.67% and 93.88% and a Word Error Rate (WER) of 11.27% and 10.07% with and without diacritical marks respectively. For different speakers but similar sentences, the system obtained a word recognition accuracy of 95.92% and 96.29% and a Word Error Rate (WER) of 5.78% and 5.45% with and without diacritical marks respectively. Whereas different speakers and different sentences, the system obtained a word recognition accuracy of 89.08% and 90.23% and a Word Error Rate (WER) of 15.59% and 14.44% with and without diacritical marks respectively. © 2010 IEEE.

关键词： Hidden Markov models

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Outage performance of reactive cooperation in Nakagami-m fading channels

Outage performance of reactive cooperation in Nakagami-m fad...

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IEEE Workshop on Signal Processing Advances in Wireless Communications (SPAWC)

作者： Mustapha Benjillali Mohamed-Slim Alouini Electrical Engineering Program Division of Physical Sciences and Engineering King Abdullah University for Science and Technology Mecca Saudi Arabia

In this paper, we investigate the outage performance of Decode-and-Forward with reactive relaying in dual-hop cooperative Nakagami-m fading links. The destination, based on the unique knowledge of local second hop channel state information, selects the best relay to increase the chances of cooperation when the direct link is also available. After deriving the exact distribution of the variables of interest, the outage probability of the system-with and without the direct link-is obtained in closed-form, and the ∈-outage capacity is derived in the particular case where the channel model is reduced to a Rayleigh fading. Simulation results confirm the accuracy of our analysis for a large selection of system and fading parameters.

关键词： Analytical models Brain modeling Integrated circuits

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An MGF-based capacity analysis of equal gain combining over fading channels

An MGF-based capacity analysis of equal gain combining over ...

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IEEE International Symposium on Personal, Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications (PIMRC)

作者： Ferkan Yilmaz Mohamed-Slim Alouini Electrical Engineering Program Division of Physical Sciences and Engineering King Abdullah University for Science and Technology Mecca Saudi Arabia

Exact average capacity results for L-branch coherent equal-gain combining (EGC) in correlated and uncorrelated fading channels are not known. This paper develops a novel framework (approach) for capacity analysis of L-branch EGC in generalized fading channels. In addition, Gamma shadowed generalized Nakagami-m fading model is proposed in order to statistically model the fading environments in high frequencies such as 60 GHz and above. Some simulations are carried out and then the obtained results are accentuated by means of numerical analysis based on the proposed framework. Numerical and simulation results, performed to verify the correctness of the proposed framework, are in perfect agreement.

关键词： Fading Diversity reception Shadow mapping Signal to noise ratio Joints Wireless communication Probability density function

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