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Transaction transmission model for blockchain channels based on non-cooperative games

science China(Information sciences) 2023年第1期66卷 97-114页

作者： Peiyun ZHANG Chenxi LI Mengchu ZHOU Wenjun HUANG abdullah ABUSORRAH Omaimah O.BAMASAG Engineering Research Center of Digital Forensics of Ministry of Education School of Computer and SoftwareNanjing University of Information Science and Technology School of Computer and Information Anhui Normal University Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering New Jersey Institute of Technology Center of Research Excellence in Renewable Energy and Power Systems Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty of Engineering and K.A.CARE Energy Research and Innovation CenterKing Abdulaziz University Department of Computer Science Faculty of Computing and Information Technology Center of Excellence in Smart Environment Research King Abdulaziz University

In blockchain networks, transactions can be transmitted through channels. The existing transmission methods depend on their routing information. If a node randomly chooses a channel to transmit a transaction, the transmission may be aborted due to insufficient funds(also called balance) or a low transmission rate. To increase the success rate and reduce transmission delay across all transactions, this work proposes a transaction transmission model for blockchain channels based on non-cooperative game *** balance, channel states, and transmission probability are fully considered. This work then presents an optimized channel transaction transmission algorithm. First, channel balances are analyzed and suitable channels are selected if their balance is sufficient. Second, a Nash equilibrium point is found by using an iterative sub-gradient method and its related channels are then used to transmit transactions. The proposed method is compared with two state-of-the-art approaches: Silent Whispers and Speedy Murmurs. Experimental results show that the proposed method improves transmission success rate, reduces transmission delay,and effectively decreases transmission overhead in comparison with its two competitive peers.

关键词： Blockchain channel transaction transmission channel balance channel state channel transmission probability non-cooperative game

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Advanced technologies in InGaN micro-LED fabrication to mitigate the sidewall effect

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光：科学与应用（英文版） 2025年第2期14卷 307-332页

作者： Zhiyuan Liu Haicheng Cao Xiao Tang Tingang Liu Yi Lu Zixian Jiang Na Xiao Xiaohang Li Advanced Semiconductor Laboratory Electrical and Computer Engineering ProgramCEMSE DivisionKing Abdullah University of Science and Technology(KAUST)Thuwal 23955-6900Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

The size of InGaN micro-LEDs is continuously decreasing to meet the demands of various emerging applications,especially in tiny micro-displays such as AR/***,the conventional pixel definition based on plasma etching significantly damages the mesa sidewalls,leading to a severe reduction in efficiency as the micro-LED size *** seriously impedes the development and application of *** this work,we comprehensively explain the origin of micro-LED sidewall effects and corresponding physical ***,we systematically review recent progress in micro-LED fabrication aiming at suppressing sidewall ***,we discuss advancements in micro-LED fabrication with"damage-free"techniques,which hold the potential to fundamentally address the issue of plasma damage in the micro-LED *** believe this review will deepen the understanding of micro-LED sidewall effects and provide a better insight into the latest associated fabrication technologies for high-efficient InGaN micro-LEDs.

关键词： technologies micro-led advanced ingan effect fabrication mitigate sidewall

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DMSS:An Attention-Based Deep Learning Model for High-Quality Mass Spectrometry Prediction

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Big Data Mining and Analytics 2024年第3期7卷 577-589页

作者： Yihui Ren Yu Wang Wenkai Han Yikang Huang Xiaoyang Hou Chunming Zhang Dongbo Bu Xin Gao Shiwei Sun Key Lab of Intelligent Information Processing Institute of Computing TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190Chinaand with University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China Syneron Technology Guangzhou 510000China College of Information and Electrical Engineering China Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100083China Computer Science Program ComputerElectrical and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering DivisionKing Abdullah University of Science and Technology(KAUST)Thuwal 23955-6900Kingdom of Saudi Arabia Insitute of Computing Technology Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China with Western Institute of Computing Technology Chongqing 400000China

Accurate prediction of peptide spectra is crucial for improving the efficiency and reliability of proteomic analysis,as well as for gaining insight into various biological *** this study,we introduce Deep MS Simulator(DMSS),a novel attention-based model tailored for forecasting theoretical spectra in mass *** has undergone rigorous validation through a series of experiments,consistently demonstrating superior performance compared to current methods in forecasting theoretical *** superior ability of DMSS to distinguish extremely similar peptides highlights the potential application of incorporating our predicted intensity information into mass spectrometry search engines to enhance the accuracy of protein *** findings contribute to the advancement of proteomics analysis and highlight the potential of the DMSS as a valuable tool in the field.

关键词： mass spectrometry proteomics machine learning deep learning

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Machine learning assisted plasmonic metascreen for enhanced broadband absorption in ultra-thin silicon films

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光：科学与应用（英文版） 2025年第2期14卷 411-421页

作者： Waqas W.Ahmed Haicheng Cao Changqing Xu Mohamed Farhat Muhammad Amin Xiaohang Li Xiangliang Zhang Ying Wu Division of Computer Electrical and Mathematical Sciences and EngineeringKing Abdullah University of Science and Technology(KAUST)Thuwal 23955-6900Saudi Arabia College of Engineering Taibah UniversityMadinah 42353Saudi Arabia Division of Computer Electrical and Mathematical Sciences and EngineeringKing Abdullah University of Science and Technology(KAUST)Thuwal 23955-6900Saudi Arabia Division of Physical Science and Engineering King Abdullah University of Science and Technology(KAUST)Thuwal 23955-6900Saudi Arabia Division of Computer Electrical and Mathematical Sciences and EngineeringKing Abdullah University of Science and Technology(KAUST)Thuwal 23955-6900Saudi Arabia Department of Computer Science and Engineering University of Notre DameNotre DameIN 46556USA

We propose and demonstrate a data-driven plasmonic metascreen that efficiently absorbs incident light over a wide spectral range in an ultra-thin silicon *** embedding a double-nanoring silver array within a 20 nm ultrathin amorphous silicon(a-Si)layer,we achieve a significant enhancement of light *** enhancement arises from the interaction between the resonant cavity modes and localized plasmonic modes,requiring precise tuning of plasmon resonances to match the absorption region of the silicon active *** facilitate the device design and improve light absorption without increasing the thickness of the active layer,we develop a deep learning framework,which learns to map from the absorption spectra to the design *** inverse design strategy helps to tune the absorption for selective spectral *** optimized design surpasses the bare silicon planar device,exhibiting a remarkable enhancement of over 100％.Experimental validation confirms the broadband enhancement of light absorption in the proposed *** proposed metascreen absorber holds great potential for light harvesting applications and may be leveraged to improve the light conversion efficiency of ultra-thin silicon solar cells,photodetectors,and optical filters.

关键词： silicon learning absorption assisted broadband enhanced films machine metascreen plasmonic

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Demystifying polyphosphate-accumulating organisms relevant to wastewater treatment: A review of their phylogeny, metabolism, and detection

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Environmental science and Ecotechnology 2024年第5期21卷 1-16页

作者： Lucia Ruiz-Haddad Muhammad Ali Mario Pronk Mark C.Mvan Loosdrecht Pascal E.Saikaly Environmental Science and Engineering Program Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering(BESE)DivisionKing Abdullah University of Science and Technology(KAUST)Thuwal23955-6900Saudi Arabia Water Desalination and Reuse Center Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering(BESE)DivisionKing Abdullah University of Science and Technology(KAUST)Thuwal23955-6900Saudi Arabia Department of Civil Structural&Environmental EngineeringTrinity College DublinThe University of DublinDublin2Ireland Department of Biotechnology Delft University of TechnologyDelft2629 HZthe Netherlands

Currently,the most cost-effective and efficient method for phosphorus(P)removal from wastewater is enhanced biological P removal(EPBR)via polyphosphate-accumulating organisms(PAOs).This study integrates a literature review with genomic analysis to uncover the phylogenetic and metabolic diversity of the relevant PAOs for wastewater *** findings highlight significant differences in the metabolic capabilities of PAOs relevant to wastewater ***,Candidatus Dechloromonas and Candidatus Accumulibacter can synthesize polyhydroxyalkanoates,possess specific enzymes for ATP production from polyphosphate,and have electrochemical transporters for acetate and *** contrast,Tetrasphaera,Candidatus Phosphoribacter,Knoellia,and Phycicoccus possess PolyP-glucokinase and electrochemical transporters for sugars/amino ***,this review explores various detection methods for polyphosphate and PAOs in activated sludge wastewater treatment ***,FISH-Raman spectroscopy emerges as one of the most advanced detection ***,this review provides critical insights into PAO research,underscoring the need for enhanced strategies in biological phosphorus removal.

关键词： Polyphosphate-accumulating organisms(PAOs) Enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR)Tetrasphaera Ca.accumulibacter Ca.phosphoribacter Knoellia Phycicoccus

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Spin Orbit Torque Tunable Skyrmion Neuromorphic Devices

Spin Orbit Torque Tunable Skyrmion Neuromorphic Devices

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2022 IEEE International Conference on Emerging Electronics, ICEE 2022

作者： Lone, Aijaz H. Zou, Xuecui Garcia, Glen Isaac MacIel Li, Xiaohang Fariborzi, Hossein King Abdullah University of Science and Technology Electrical and Computer Engineering Division Saudi Arabia King Abdullah University of Science and Technology Physical Science and Engineering Division Saudi Arabia King Abdullah University of Science and Technology Electrical and Computer Engineering Division Physical Science and Engineering Division Saudi Arabia

ISBN: (纸本)9781665491853

Skyrmionic devices are promising candidates for energy efficient and highly integrated data storage and computing applications, owing to their small size, topological protection, and low drive current. In this abstract we propose novel spin orbit torque (SOT) controlled skyrmion device structures and their application in neuromorphic computing. We propose a spin orbit torque-driven SOT skyrmion magnetic tunnel junction (MTJ) device showing Leaky Integrate and Fire (LIF) neuron behaviour, and a SOT-controlled MTJ synaptic device in which the skyrmion size depends on the thickness of the free layer. Furthermore, we implement the spiking neural network and artificial neural network based on these devices for MNIST data classification. © 2022 IEEE.

关键词： Torque

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Sense and Jam: ISAC-Aided Robust Physical Layer Security 58

Sense and Jam: ISAC-Aided Robust Physical Layer Security

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58th Asilomar Conference on Signals, Systems and computers, ACSSC 2024

作者： Naim Shaikh, Mohd Hamza Celik, Abdulkadir Eltawil, Ahmed M. Nauryzbayev, Galymzhan School of Engineering and Digital Sciences Nazarbayev University Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Astana010000 Kazakhstan King Abdullah University of Science and Technology Cemse Division Thuwal Saudi Arabia

ISBN: (纸本)9798350354058

This work proposes a physical layer security (PLS) framework leveraging integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) to facilitate secure communication. The framework employs a multi-antenna full-duplex (FD), dual-functional access point (AP) to establish a secure communication zone around the intended user. The AP performs target sensing to detect the desired user and simultaneously employs artificial noise (AN) to jam any undesired users within the zone. In the first time slot, the AP sweeps the beam from a discrete Fourier transform-based codebook to sense the environment via its transmit antenna array, while the receive antenna array captures echoes from targets. If undesired users are detected within the secure communication zone, the downlink (DL) signal is augmented with friendly AN to obstruct their overhearing attempts. For the uplink (UL), the same set of transmit antennas beams AN towards the undesired users, while the receive antennas capture the UL signals from the desired user. By combining optimal beam selection, target sensing, and AN transmission, an FD secure communication link is established between the AP and desired user. Simulation results show that the proposed scheme significantly improves DL and UL secrecy rates compared to conventional methods. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Discrete Fourier transforms

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A Novel Via-Based Magnetic Coupling Solution to Improving Illumination of Artificial Magnetic Conductor by Antenna-on-Chip

A Novel Via-Based Magnetic Coupling Solution to Improving Il...

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Microwave, Antennas & Circuits (ICMAC), International Conference on

作者： Yiyang Yu Atif Shamim Electrical and Computer Engineering Program King Abdullah University of Science and Technology Thuwal Saudi Arabia

ISBN: (数字)9798331518424

ISBN: (纸本)9798331518431

Antenna-on-Chip (AoC) is one of the most promising solutions in upcoming 6G era. However, AoC suffers from low gain usually due to the highly conductive silicon substrate in mainstream complementary-metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) processes. Artificial magnetic conductors (AMC) embedded within the stack-up of standard CMOS processes have been widely used to enhance the gain by isolating the AoC from the Si substrate and providing constructive reflection. Nonetheless, the ultra-thin stack-up of standard CMOS processes causes that only the AMC unit cells nearby the AoC can be illuminated well while the outermost part is illuminated poorly, which prevents the AMC from its optimal reflection performance. To mitigate the issue, this paper proposes a novel via-based magnetic coupling enhancement structures (H-CES- V) to improve the AMC illumination by coupling the energy from well-illuminated unit cells to outermost unit cells magnetically. Compared to conventional AMC, the gain can be improved by 1.5 dBi with the proposed structure. Finally, the proposed AMC-backed AoC with H-CES- V shows a boresight gain of 7 dBi (12 dBi better than a standalone AoC without AMC), and a radiation efficiency of 59 % at 94 GHz.

关键词： Couplings Lighting Conductors CMOS process Silicon Gain Antennas Substrates Magnetic circuits Standards

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A Survey on Scalable LoRaWAN for Massive IoT: Recent Advances, Potentials, and Challenges

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IEEE Communications Surveys and Tutorials 2023年第3期25卷 1841-1876页

作者： Jouhari, Mohammed Saeed, Nasir Alouini, Mohamed-Slim Amhoud, El Mehdi Mohammed Vi Polytechnic University School of Computer Science Ben Guerir43150 Morocco United Arab Emirates University Department of Electrical and Communication Engineering Al Ain United Arab Emirates King Abdullah University of Science and Technology Computer Electrical and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering Division Thuwal23955-6900 Saudi Arabia

Long-range (LoRa) technology is most widely used for enabling low-power wide area networks (WANs) on unlicensed frequency bands. Despite its modest data rates, it provides extensive coverage for low-power devices, making it an ideal communication system for many Internet of Things (IoT) applications. In general, LoRa is considered as the physical layer, whereas LoRaWAN is the medium access control (MAC) layer of the LoRa stack that adopts a star topology to enable communication between multiple end devices (EDs) and the network gateway. The chirp spread spectrum modulation deals with LoRa signal interference and ensures long-range communication. At the same time, the adaptive data rate mechanism allows EDs to dynamically alter some LoRa features, such as the spreading factor (SF), code rate, and carrier frequency to address the time variance of communication conditions in dense networks. Despite the high LoRa connectivity demand, LoRa signals interference and concurrent transmission collisions are major limitations. Therefore, to enhance LoRaWAN capacity, the LoRa Alliance released many LoRaWAN versions, and the research community has provided numerous solutions to develop scalable LoRaWAN technology. Hence, we thoroughly examine LoRaWAN scalability challenges and state-of-the-art solutions in both the physical and MAC layers. These solutions primarily rely on SF, logical, and frequency channel assignment, whereas others propose new network topologies or implement signal processing schemes to cancel the interference and allow LoRaWAN to connect more EDs efficiently. A summary of the existing solutions in the literature is provided at the end of the paper, describing the advantages and disadvantages of each solution and suggesting possible enhancements as future research directions. © 1998-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Wide area networks

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Ultra-Thin CMOS-Compatible Artificial Magnetic Conductor for Millimeter-Wave Antenna-on-Chip

Ultra-Thin CMOS-Compatible Artificial Magnetic Conductor for...

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Antennas and Propagation & USNC/URSI National Radio science Meeting

作者： Yiyang Yu Atif Shamim Electrical and Computer Engineering Program King Abdullah University of Science and Technology Thuwal KSA

ISBN: (数字)9798350369908

ISBN: (纸本)9798350369915

Antenna-on-chip (AoC) is one of the promising solutions in the 6G era. However, it suffers from poor radiation due to the lossy Si substrate. Placing an artificial magnetic conductor (AMC) under the AoC cannot only isolate the AoC from the lossy Si substrate but also provide in-phase reflection. Nonetheless, the ultra-thin stack-up of the mainstream semiconductor technology makes the realization of AMC challenging at the millimeter-wave spectrum. To make the AMC electrically thicker, this paper presents four kinds of thickness reduction techniques (TRT): slot, notch, metallic post, and embedded guiding structure. With TRTs, an ultra-thin AMC ( $15\ \mu \mathrm{m}$ thickness) is realized. With the proposed AMC, the AoC demonstrated a gain of 3.2 dB at 72 GHz. Compared to the standalone antenna, the AMC enhances the gain by 7 dB.

关键词： 6G mobile communication Conferences Millimeter wave technology Conductors Silicon Reflection Gain

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