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Sustainable and secretory production of saffron pigments in Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 and E. coli

Plant communications 2025年 101388页

作者： Shanshan Song Fatimah Aljedaani Kit Xi Liew Jianing Mi Mohamed Salem Salim Bougouffa Sebastian Overmans Kyle J Lauersen Xiongjie Zheng Salim Al-Babili The BioActives Lab Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering Division (BESE) King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) Thuwal 23955-6900 Saudi Arabia. The Bioinformatics Platform King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) Thuwal 23955-6900 Saudi Arabia. Bioengineering Program Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering Division (BESE) King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) Thuwal 23955-6900 Saudi Arabia. The BioActives Lab Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering Division (BESE) King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) Thuwal 23955-6900 Saudi Arabia. Electronic address: salim.babili@kaust.edu.sa.

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Nonseparable Space-Time Stationary Covariance Functions on Networks cross Time

arXiv

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arXiv 2022年

作者： Porcu, Emilio White, Philip Genton, Marc G. Department of Mathematics Khalifa University Abu Dhabi United Arab Emirates School of Computer Science and Statistics Trinity College Dublin Dublin Ireland Department of Statistics Brigham Young University ProvoUT United States Statistics Program King Abdullah University of Science and Technology Thuwal23955-6900 Saudi Arabia

The advent of data science has provided an increasing number of challenges with high data complexity. This paper addresses the challenge of space-time data where the spatial domain is not a planar surface, a sphere, or a linear network, but a generalized network (termed a graph with Euclidean edges). Additionally, data are repeatedly measured over different temporal instants. We provide new classes of nonseparable space-time stationary covariance functions where space can be a generalized network, a Euclidean tree, or a linear network, and where time can be linear or circular (seasonal). Because the construction principles are technical, we focus on illustrations that guide the reader through the construction of statistically interpretable examples. A simulation study demonstrates that we can recover the correct model when compared to misspecified models. In addition, our simulation studies show that we effectively recover simulation parameters. In our data analysis, we consider a traffic accident dataset that shows improved model performance based on covariance specifications and network-based metrics. Copyright © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Linear networks

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Evaluating the influence of functional unit on life cycle assessment (LCA) reliability of concrete

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Materials Today: Proceedings 2024年

作者： Glenda Terán-Cuadrado Sami Sbahieh Furqan Tahir Anissa Nurdiawati Mohammed A. Almarshoud Sami G. Al-Ghamdi Chemical Engineering Program Physical Sciences and Engineering King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) Thuwal 23955-6900 Saudi Arabia KAUST Climate and Livability Initiative King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) Thuwal 23955-6900 Saudi Arabia Division of Sustainable Development College of Science and Engineering Hamad Bin Khalifa University Doha 34110 Qatar Environmental Science and Engineering Program Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering Division King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) Thuwal 23955-6900 Saudi Arabia Civil and Environmental Engineering Department College of Engineering University of Jeddah (UJ) Jeddah 23890-2871 Saudi Arabia

The linear lifecycle of concrete, from production through usage to disposal, highlights its status as one of the most carbon-, energy-, and resource-intensive processes in the industry. The development of life cycle assessment (LCA) models to quantify concrete’s embodied and buildings’ operational emissions is strongly influenced by the selection of the functional unit (FU) since it dictates the magnitude and significance of the environmental burdens from concrete and buildings' life span. The chosen FU should comprehensively capture the concrete's functionalities and construction parameters. Nonetheless, establishing a FU that encompasses spatial, temporal, and intensity aspects of cement/concrete and its applications remains a significant limitation in the practice of current LCA models. This study analyzed the FU influence on the environmental footprint of concrete samples with specific compressive strengths (material level) via LCA. The LCA was conducted in OneClick LCA using the environmental product declaration (EPD) provided by the software for each ready-mix concrete sample. From the LCA results, the C 30/37 concrete mix (lowest compressive strength) exhibited the lowest carbon footprint for all the environmental indicators when a volume-based FU was considered. In contrast, the results were more favorable for the C 65/70 concrete specimen when the compressive strength (28 curing days) was chosen because less cement is needed to achieve one MPa of strength. This behavior was also observed in the modeling of a column in a building, where the mixture with the highest compressive strength (C 65/70) showed the lowest environmental impact for all the indicators. However, this assessment does not represent the actual building system's footprint. Thus, regionally specific functional units need to be established, considering not just concrete functionalities but also national regulations, stakeholder needs, and local resource availability.

关键词： Buildings Concrete Functional unit Embodied carbon emissions LEED Life cycle assessment (LCA)

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Enhancing seismic activity classification in augmented soil gas radon time series data through computational intelligence techniques

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Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics 2025年 274卷

作者： Bashir, Nadeem Mir, Adil Aslam Osama, Muhammad Abbasi, Saba Maqsood Nikolopoulos, Dimitrios Qureshi, Shahzad Ahmad Rafique, Muhammad Department of Physics King Abdullah Campus University of Azad Jammu and Kashmir Muzaffarabad Azad Kashmir Pakistan Department of Computer Science and Information Technology University of Azad Jammu and Kashmir Azad Kashmir Muzaffarabad Pakistan Department of Mechanical Engineering Wayne State University Detroit 48202 MI United States Department of Industrial Design and Production Engineering University of West Attica Petrou Ralli & Thivon 250 Aigaleo GR 122 44 Greece Department of Computer and Information Sciences Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (PIEAS) Islamabad 45650 Pakistan

The classification of seismic activities with anomalous radon time series (ARTS) is promising but hindered by unbalanced data. Rare events like earthquakes make standard classification methods less effective. For such types of problems supervised classification algorithms do not work effectively since they are designed to learn on balanced datasets. Specifically, different techniques viz. Synthetic Minority Over-sampling Technique (SMOTE), Density-Based Synthetic Minority Over-sampling Technique (DBSMOTE), and Adaptive Synthetic Sampling (ADASYN) have been used to address the class imbalance problem inherited within the original soil gas radon time series. Numerous machine and deep learning methods are considered to be the prominent classifiers, including logistic regression, support vector machines (SVM), XGBoost, long-short-term memory (LSTM), and convolutional neural networks (CNN). The investigation has been focused on optimizing the classification of imbalanced datasets through the selection of oversampling methods and learning algorithms. This study indicates that window size and overlapping parameters greatly affect model performance, particularly in discerning seismic events, with larger windows presenting challenges. SVM stands out as a relatively accurate classifier, consistently achieving competitive AUC values without overfitting. Data augmentation techniques show mixed effects, underscoring the need for careful selection based on dataset characteristics. This study suggests that SVM with oversampling methods offers an effective approach for seismic anomaly classification in earthquake prediction using soil radon gas time series data. The dataset for this study comprises soil radon and thoron gas concentration time series along with meteorological parameters spanning 14 months. Four seismic events were recorded during the data collection period. during the whole study period. © 2025 Elsevier Ltd

关键词： Anomalies Class imbalance Classification Oversampling Seismic Seismic activities Soil radon gas

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Assessment and Tracking Electric Vehicle Battery Degradation Cost using Blockchain

Assessment and Tracking Electric Vehicle Battery Degradation...

引用

Innovative Smart Grid Technologies (ISGT)

作者： Shashank Narayana Gowda Basem A. Eraqi Hamidreza Nazaripouya Rajit Gadh Smart Grid Energy Research Center University of California Los Angeles USA Division King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) Physical Science and Engineering Thuwal Saudi Arabia School of Electrical and Computer Engineering Oklahoma State University Stillwater USA

ISBN: (数字)9781728188973

ISBN: (纸本)9781728188980

This paper proposes a blockchain-based method for assessment and tracking of electric vehicle battery degradation costs. Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) technology allows the bidirectional flow of electric power between the electric vehicle (EV) and the electric grid. However, for making optimal charging/discharging decisions, it is essential to precisely evaluate the battery degradation. In the proposed method, the initial degradation cost is estimated based on the present status of the EV battery in terms of range and age. Following this, a degradation cost of the battery is obtained from battery specifications and continuously tracking the variables that affect battery energy capacity, which will determine the economic loss to EV users for participating in V2G programs. A Mixed Integer Linear program to minimize cost includes this degradation cost in its objective function to make the optimal decision for an EV's interaction with the grid. At the end of each 24-hour cycle, the battery degradation cost is updated based on the charging/discharging transactions performed during the cycle and the temperature conditions. These transactions and battery degradation costs are stored in a consortium blockchain that is shared among the relevant actors.

关键词： Degradation Vehicle-to-grid Blockchain Predictive models Batteries Power systems Vehicle dynamics

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Finite-time joint estimation of the arterial blood flow and the arterial Windkessel parameters using modulating functions ⁎

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IFAC-PapersOnLine 2020年第2期53卷 16286-16292页

作者： Mohamed A. Bahloul Taous-Meriem Laleg Kirati Computer Electrical and Mathematical Science and Engineering (CEMSE) Division King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) 23955-6900 Thuwal Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

Studying the arterial hemodynamic response plays a crucial role in the understanding and the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. Due to the difficulty of measuring the arterial blood flow, its estimation through a particular arterial vessel, using non-invasive arterial pressure waveform measurements, has always been an important topic in physiology. For instance, knowing the blood flow in a specific site of the arterial network helps in the detection of arterial stenosis. It may also help in the diagnosis of heart valve’s diseases. In this paper, an algorithm based on modulating functions is proposed to estimate the arterial blood flow as well as to calibrate the conventional Windkessel model using arterial blood pressure signals measured in a particular site of the arterial system. The algorithm is presented and illustrated through several numerical tests.

关键词： Finite-time estimation modulating functions Windkessel model blood flow

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Linear and Circular Dichroism in Graphene-Based Reflectors for Polarization Control

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Physical Review Applied 2020年第2期13卷 024046-024046页

作者： M. Amin O. Siddiqui M. Farhat College of Engineering Taibah University Madinah 41411 Saudi Arabia Division of Computer Electrical and Mathematical Science and Engineering King Abdullah University of Science and Technology Thuwal 23955-6900 Saudi Arabia

We present an ultrathin graphene metascreen that possesses dispersive optical activity in the early terahertz spectrum. The metascreen design consists of periodically etched L-shaped voids on a graphene substrate backed by a conductive plane. The specific unit-cell design is based on chirality and leads to highly asymmetric radiations from the plasmon-polariton surface currents, leading to linear and circular dichroism. Hence the incident linearly or circularly polarized electric fields are effectively absorbed by the metasurface in different proportions. Consequently, the metasurface assumes half- and quarter-wave-plate behaviors in different parts of the reflected optical spectrum. In particular, we show via full-wave simulations that the dichroic metascreen supports perfect linear-to-circular polarization conversion (circular dichroism) in two adjacent terahertz frequency bands. In two other terahertz bands, it rotates the incoming linearly polarized wave vector by 90∘ (linear dichroism). Moreover, since graphene has a variable refractive-index dependence on its chemical potential, the dispersion characteristics can be shifted to neighboring frequencies within the early terahertz spectrum. We further demonstrate an angularly stable response for incident angles varying between 0∘ and 45∘. The tunable linear and circular dichroism characteristics are well suited for applications in sensing, imaging, and spectroscopy at terahertz frequencies.

关键词： Metamaterials Photonics Plasmonics Polarization of light Surface plasmon polariton Graphene Multilayer thin films Chiral symmetry

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Lattice Transformation from 2-D to Quasi 1-D and Phonon Properties of Exfoliated ZrS2 and ZrSe2

arXiv

引用

arXiv 2022年

作者： Alsulami, Awsaf Alharbi, Majed Alsaffar, Fadhel Alolaiyan, Olaiyan Aljalham, Ghadeer Albawardi, Shahad Alsaggaf, Sarah Alamri, Faisal Tabbakh, Thamer A. Amer, Moh R. Center of Excellence for Green Nanotechnologies Joint Centers of Excellence Program King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology Riyadh Saudi Arabia Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering University of California Los Angeles Los AngelesCA90095 United States National Center for Nanotechnology Materials Science Institute King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology Riyadh Saudi Arabia Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of California Los Angeles Los AngelesCA90095 United States

Recent reports on thermal and thermoelectric properties of emerging 2-Dimensional (2D) materials have shown promising results. Yet, most of these emerging materials are underrepresented or lack a consistent and thorough investigation. Among these materials are Zirconium based chalcogenides such as Zirconium Disulfide (ZrS2) and Zirconium Dieselenide (ZrSe2). Here, we investigate the thermal properties of these Zirconium based materials using confocal Raman spectroscopy. We observed 2 different and distinctive Raman signatures for exfoliated ZrX2 (where X = S or Se). These Raman modes generally depend on the shape of the exfoliated nanosheets, regardless of the incident laser polarization. These 2 shapes are divided into 2D- ZrX2 and quasi 1D- ZrX2. For 2D- ZrX2, Raman modes are in alignment with those reported in literature. However, for quasi 1D-ZrX2, we show that Raman modes are identical to exfoliated ZrX3 nanosheets, indicating a major lattice transformation from 2D to quasi-1D. We also measure thermal properties of each resonant Raman mode for each ZrX2 shape. Based on our measurements, most Raman modes exhibit a linear downshift dependence with temperature. However, for ZrS2, we see an upshift (blueshift) with temperature for A1g mode, which is attributed to non-harmonic effects caused by dipolar coupling with IR-active modes. Moreover, the observed temperature dependence coefficient for some phonon modes of quasi 1D-ZrX2 differ dramatically, which can be caused by the quasi 1D lattice. Finally, we measure phonon dynamics under optical heating for each of 2D-ZrX2 and quasi 1D-ZrX2 and show phonon confinement in quasi 1D-ZrX2 nanosheets. We extract the thermal conductivity and the interfacial thermal conductance for each of 2D-ZrX2 and quasi 1D-ZrX2 nanosheets. Our calculations indicate lower interfacial thermal conductance for quasi 1D-ZrX2 compared to 2D-ZrX2, which can be attributed to the phonon confinement in 1D. Based on our model, we show low thermal con

关键词： Thermal conductivity

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Carbon burial in sediments below seaweed farms matches that of Blue Carbon habitats (vol 15, pg 180, 2025)

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NATURE CLIMATE CHANGE 2025年第4期15卷 458-458页

作者： Duarte, Carlos M. Delgado-Huertas, Antonio Marti, Elisa Gasser, Beat Martin, Isidro San Cousteau, Alexandra Neumeyer, Fritz Reilly-Cayten, Megan Boyce, Joshua Kuwae, Tomohiro Hori, Masakazu Miyajima, Toshihiro Price, Nichole N. Arnold, Suzanne Ricart, Aurora M. Davis, Simon Surugau, Noumie Abdul, Al-Jeria Wu, Jiaping Xiao, Xi Chung, Ik Kyo Choi, Chang Geun Sondak, Calvyn F. A. Albasri, Hatim Krause-Jensen, Dorte Bruhn, Annette Boderskov, Teis Hancke, Kasper Funderud, Jon Borrero-Santiago, Ana R. Pascal, Fred Joanne, Paul Ranivoarivelo, Lanto Collins, William T. Clark, Jennifer Gutierrez, Juan Fermin Riquelme, Ricardo Avila, Marcela Macreadie, Peter I. Masque, Pere Marine Science Program Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering Division King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) Thuwal Kingdom of Saudi Arabia Andalusian Earth Sciences Institute CSIC and Universidad de Granada Armilla Spain Departamento de Biología Recursos Naturales y Medio Ambiente Instituto Universitario de Investigación Marina (INMAR) University of Cadiz Puerto Real Spain Radioecology Laboratory International Atomic Energy Agency—Marine Environment Laboratories (IAEA-MEL) Principality of Monaco Monaco School of Science and Centre for Marine Ecosystems Research Edith Cowan University Joondalup Western Australia Australia Oceans 2050 Foundation Berlin Germany Coastal and Estuarine Environment Research Group Port and Airport Research Institute Yokosuka Japan Coastal Fisheries and Ecosystems Group Japan Fisheries Research and Education Agency Yokohama Japan Atmosphere and Ocean Research institute University of Tokyo Kashiwa Japan Environmental Sciences Colby College Waterville MA USA Bigelow Laboratory for Ocean Sciences East Boothbay MA USA Island Institute Rockland MA USA Seaweed Research Unit Universiti Malaysia Sabah Kota Kinabalu Sabah Malaysia Seadling Kota Kinabalu Sabah Malaysia Ocean College Zhejiang University Zhoushan China Department of Oceanography Pusan National University Busan Korea Department of Ecological Engineering Pukyong National University Busan Korea Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Science Sam Ratulangi University Manado Indonesia Research Center for Fisheries National Research and Innovation Agency Jakarta Indonesia Department of Ecoscience Aarhus University Aarhus Denmark Centre for Circular Bioeconomy Aarhus University Aarhus Denmark Norwegian Institute for Water Research Oslo Norway Seaweed Solutions AS Trondheim Norway Ocean Farmers Toliara Madagascar Institute of Fisheries and Marine Science University of Toliara Toliara Madagascar Cascadia Seaweed Sydney British Columbia

Seaweed farming has emerged as a potential Blue Carbon strategy, yet empirical estimates of carbon burial from such farms remain lacking in the literature. Here, we quantify carbon burial in 20 seaweed farms distributed globally, ranging from 2 to 300 years in operation and from 1 to 15,000 ha in size. The thickness of sediment layers and stocks of organic carbon accumulated below the farms increased with farm age, reaching 140 tC ha−1for the oldest farm. Organic carbon burial rates averaged 1.87 ± 0.73 tCO2e ha−1yr−1in farm sediments, twice that in reference sediments. The excess CO2e burial attributable to the seaweed farms averaged 1.06 ± 0.74 CO2e ha−1yr−1, confirming that seaweed farming in depositional environments buries carbon in the underlying sediments at rates towards the low range of that of Blue Carbon habitats, but increasing with farm age.

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Janus monolayers of magnetic transition metal dichalcogenides as an all-in-one platform for spin-orbit torque

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Physical Review B 2021年第10期104卷 104415-104415页

作者： Idris Smaili Slimane Laref Jose H. Garcia Udo Schwingenschlögl Stephan Roche Aurélien Manchon King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) Computer Electrical and Mathematical Science and Engineering Division (CEMSE) Thuwal 23955-6900 Saudi Arabia King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) Physical Science and Engineering Division (PSE) Thuwal 23955-6900 Saudi Arabia Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2) CSIC and BIST Campus UAB Bellaterra 08193 Barcelona Spain ICREA–Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats 08010 Barcelona Spain Aix-Marseille Université CNRS CINaM Marseille France

We theoretically predict that vanadium-based Janus dichalcogenide monolayers constitute an ideal platform for spin-orbit torque memories. Using first-principles calculations, we demonstrate that magnetic exchange and magnetic anisotropy energies are higher for heavier chalcogen atoms, while the broken inversion symmetry in the Janus form leads to the emergence of Rashba-like spin-orbit coupling. The spin-orbit torque efficiency is evaluated using optimized quantum transport methodology and found to be comparable to heavy nonmagnetic metals. The coexistence of magnetism and spin-orbit coupling in such materials with tunable Fermi-level opens new possibilities for monitoring magnetization dynamics in the perspective of nonvolatile magnetic random access memories.

关键词： Magnetization dynamics Spin transfer torque Spin-orbit coupling 2-dimensional systems

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