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arXiv 2023年

作者： Ghosh, Shantanu Yu, Ke Batmanghelich, Kayhan Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Boston University BostonMA United States Intelligent Systems Program University of Pittsburgh PittsburghPA United States

Building generalizable AI models is one of the primary challenges in the healthcare domain. While radiologists rely on generalizable descriptive rules of abnormality, Neural Network (NN) models suffer even with a slight shift in input distribution (e.g., scanner type). Fine-tuning a model to transfer knowledge from one domain to another requires a significant amount of labeled data in the target domain. In this paper, we develop an interpretable model that can be efficiently fine-tuned to an unseen target domain with minimal computational cost. We assume the interpretable component of NN to be approximately domain-invariant. However, interpretable models typically underperform compared to their Blackbox (BB) variants. We start with a BB in the source domain and distill it into a mixture of shallow interpretable models using human-understandable concepts. As each interpretable model covers a subset of data, a mixture of interpretable models achieves comparable performance as BB. Further, we use the pseudo-labeling technique from semi-supervised learning (SSL) to learn the concept classifier in the target domain, followed by fine-tuning the interpretable models in the target domain. We evaluate our model using a real-life large-scale chest-X-ray (CXR) classification dataset. The code is available at: https://github. com/batmanlab/MICCAI-2023-Route-interpret-repeat-CXRs. © 2023, CC BY.

关键词： Large dataset

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Measurement of Muscle Stimulation and Hot Compression for Rehabilitation 3

Measurement of Muscle Stimulation and Hot Compression for Re...

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3rd International Conference on electrical, Communication and computer engineering, ICECCE 2021

作者： Chirakanphaisarn, Neramitr Thongkanluang, Thadsanee Thammasat University Faculty of Engineering Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Thailand Suratthani Rajabhat University Program in Materials Technology Manufacturing Faculty of Science and Technology Thailand

ISBN: (纸本)9781665438971

This research is to study the electric muscle stimulation system and hot compress. As well as focusing on building tools for applications in rehabilitation medicine and physical therapy. The neuromuscular system is an important mechanism in human life. In the event that the muscles are stressed or contracted while the subject is recovering, the need for recovery and stimulation tools is an important part of the physical therapy. We designed electrical circuits for automatic control and used an ARDUINO microcontroller to connect analog and digital ports to transmit and receive clinical parameters. The number of voluntary subjects was 20. Each subject remembered to perform 5 stimulation sessions for 10 minutes. Total period that the researcher collects data is approximately 3 months. The trials were based on ethical studies in humans, where trials and researches showed that subjects were 980% satisfied with very few side effects, and subjects had improved muscle development. © 2021 IEEE.

关键词： Muscle

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Graph Coordinates and Conventional Neural Networks - An Alternative for Graph Neural Networks

Graph Coordinates and Conventional Neural Networks - An Alte...

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IEEE International Conference on Big Data

作者： Zheyi Qin Randy Paffenroth Anura P. Jayasumana Electrical and Computer Engineering Colorado State University Fort Collins USA Department of Data Science Program Worcester Polytechnic Institute Worcester MA USA

Graph-based data present unique challenges and opportunities for machine learning. Graph Neural Networks (GNNs), and especially those algorithms that capture graph topology through message passing for neighborhood aggregation, have been a leading solution. However, these networks often require substantial computational resources and may not optimally leverage the information contained in the graph’s topology, particularly for large-scale or complex *** propose Topology Coordinate Neural Network (TCNN) and Directional Virtual Coordinate Neural Network (DVCNN) as novel and efficient alternatives to message passing GNNs, that directly leverage the graph’s topology, sidestepping the computational challenges presented by competing algorithms. Our proposed methods can be viewed as a reprise of classic techniques for graph embedding for neural network feature engineering, but they are novel in that our embedding techniques leverage ideas in Graph Coordinates (GC) that are lacking in current *** results, benchmarked against the Open Graph Benchmark Leaderboard, demonstrate that TCNN and DVCNN achieve competitive or superior performance to message passing GNNs. For similar levels of accuracy and ROC-AUC, TCNN and DVCNN need far fewer trainable parameters than contenders of the OGBN Leaderboard. The proposed TCNN architecture requires fewer parameters than any neural network method currently listed in the OGBN Leaderboard for both OGBN-Proteins and OGBN-Products datasets. Conversely, our methods achieve higher performance for a similar number of trainable parameters. These results hold across diverse datasets and edge features, underscoring the robustness and generalizability of our methods. By providing an efficient and effective alternative to message passing GNNs, our work expands the toolbox of techniques for graph-based machine learning. A significantly lower number of tunable parameters for a given evaluation metric makes TCNN and DVCNN especiall

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Adaptive Strategies and Handover Optimization in 5G Networks to Address High Mobility Challenges

Adaptive Strategies and Handover Optimization in 5G Networks...

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International Conference on electrical engineering and Informatics (ICELTICs)

作者： Murhaban Syahrial Teuku Yuliar Arif Fitri Arnia Departement Information Technology Engineering Doctoral Program School of Engineering Universitas Syiah Kuala Universitas Teuku Umar Banda Aceh Aceh Barat Indonesia Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Universitas Syiah Kuala Banda Aceh Indonesia

ISBN: (数字)9798350366822

ISBN: (纸本)9798350366839

This study develops an adaptive handover strategy in 5G networks to tackle high mobility challenges and improve service continuity and quality. The research method uses a 5G network emulator with a topology of four base stations (gNBs) to test user equipment (UE) speeds of 20 km/h and 130 km/h. The adaptive algorithm developed utilizes data from the Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI) as well as the speed and direction of user mobility to make optimal handover decisions. The results show that at a speed of 130 km/h, the average handover latency reaches 12 ms, compared to 8 ms at 80 km/h. Additionally, the signal quality (RSSI) is lower at higher speeds, negatively affecting service quality. This adaptive algorithm successfully reduces handover latency and improves the stability and efficiency of the overall network. The testing also indicates that this adaptive algorithm can predict handover targets by considering UE speed and direction and uses hysteresis mechanisms to prevent overly frequent handovers. By employing technologies such as Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) and beamforming, this strategy is expected to maintain high service quality even under high mobility conditions.

关键词： Adaptive systems 5G mobile communication Network topology Adaptive algorithms Handover Topology Received signal strength indicator Informatics Optimization Testing

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Into 3D-Reconstructed Apparel over Virtual Try-On with Virtual Reality

Into 3D-Reconstructed Apparel over Virtual Try-On with Virtu...

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IEEE International Conference on Consumer Electronics-Taiwan (ICCE-TW)

作者： Surasachai Doungtap Jirayu Petchhan Varinya Phanichraksaphong Jenq-Haur Wang International Graduate Program of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Dept. of Electrical Engineering National Taiwan University of Science & Technology Taiwan R. O. C. Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering National Taipei University of Technology Taiwan R. O. C.

Virtualization technologies are still growing bigger and faster. Despite the greatness of its advancement, the costume industry is still very accessible when it comes to real trials. Off-the-shelf stuff are inadequate details for the desired individual to assess its in-depth utility for each garment trying on for a second, including custom stuff are much harder to try out right away. To this end, 2D image-based 3D reconstruction inclusive of touchable-virtualized space is accessible easier to stuff details for mans' decision making in purchasing. We establish the overall end-to-end pipeline from reconstruction until visualization for one instance to be triable on its stuff for a moment. As an expectation, our proposed approach can bring objects into the experimental area and use them immediately without any obstacle.

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Development of LiFx/Al2O3/ITO Multilayer Antireflection Coatings for Reflectance Reduction in Silicon Heterojunction Solar Cells

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Physica Status Solidi (A) Applications and Materials Science 2025年

作者： Aida, Maha Nur Khokhar, Muhammad Quddamah Yousuf, Hasnain Chu, Mengmeng Rahman, Rafi Ur Alamgeer, Khan Bae, Junhan Jang, Seokjin Yi, Junsin Department of Future Energy Engineering Sungkyunkwan University Gyeonggi-Do Suwon16419 Korea Republic of Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Sungkyunkwan University Gyeonggi-Do Suwon16419 Korea Republic of Interdisciplinary Program in Photovoltaic System Engineering Sungkyunkwan University Gyeonggi-Do Suwon16419 Korea Republic of

This study focuses on the optimization of antireflection coatings (ARCs) to enhance the performance of silicon heterojunction (SHJ) solar cells. SHJ solar cells face a significant challenge in achieving their theoretical efficiency limits due to light reflection at the air–cell interface. This reflection reduces photon absorption, which limits photocurrent generation and hinders the widespread adoption of SHJ technology. To address this, the optimization of ARCs using single, double, and triple-layer designs with a graded refractive index material as the active layer is investigated. The optimization process is simulated by calculating the layer thicknesses using OPAL2 software and validated through experimental deposition. The results demonstrate that a triple-layer ARC structure consisting of 80/50/95 nm of indium tin oxide (ITO), aluminum oxide (Al2O3), and lithium fluoride (LiFx) significantly improves SHJ performance. This configuration leads to a 1.04 mA cm−2 increase in short-circuit current density (Jsc), reaching 39.85 mA cm−2, and an efficiency of 21.62%, compared to a single-layer ARC. This study presents a promising solution to improve SHJ solar cell efficiency by reducing reflection losses and optimizing optical properties, contributing to the advancement of SHJ technology and facilitating the development of more efficient and cost-effective photovoltaic systems for sustainable energy transition. © 2025 Wiley-VCH GmbH.

关键词： Antireflection coatings

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Non-Hermitian metasurface for asymmetric thermal emission

Non-Hermitian metasurface for asymmetric thermal emission

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2023 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics, CLEO 2023

作者： Prasad, Ciril S. Everitt, Henry O. Naik, Gururaj V. Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Rice University HoustonTX77005 United States Applied Physics Graduate Program Smalley-Curl Institute Rice University HoustonTX77005 United States U.S. Army DEVCOM Army Research Laboratory-South HoustonTX United States

ISBN: (纸本)9781957171258

Non-Hermitian optics provides a unique platform to take advantage of absorption losses in materials and control radiative properties. We demonstrate a non-Hermitian metasurface that exhibit directional suppression of thermal radiation while maintaining transmission in mid-infrared. © Optica Publishing Group 2023 © 2023 The Author(s)

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Improving Visual Prompt Tuning for Self-supervised Vision Transformers

arXiv

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arXiv 2023年

作者： Yoo, Seungryong Kim, Eunji Jung, Dahuin Lee, Jungbeom Yoon, Sungroh Electrical and Computer Engineering Seoul National University Seoul Korea Republic of Interdisciplinary Program in Artificial Intelligence Seoul National University Seoul Korea Republic of

Visual Prompt Tuning (VPT) is an effective tuning method for adapting pretrained Vision Transformers (ViTs) to downstream tasks. It leverages extra learnable tokens, known as prompts, which steer the frozen pretrained ViTs. Although VPT has demonstrated its applicability with supervised vision transformers, it often underperforms with self-supervised ones. Through empirical observations, we deduce that the effectiveness of VPT hinges largely on the ViT blocks with which the prompt tokens interact. Specifically, VPT shows improved performance on image classification tasks for MAE and MoCo v3 when the prompt tokens are inserted into later blocks rather than the first block. These observations suggest that there exists an optimal location of blocks for the insertion of prompt tokens. Unfortunately, identifying the optimal blocks for prompts within each self-supervised ViT for diverse future scenarios is a costly process. To mitigate this problem, we propose a simple yet effective method that learns a gate for each ViT block to adjust its intervention into the prompt tokens. With our method, prompt tokens are selectively influenced by blocks that require steering for task adaptation. Our method outperforms VPT variants in FGVC and VTAB image classification and ADE20K semantic segmentation. The code is available at https://***/ryongithub/GatedPromptTuning. © 2023, CC BY-NC-SA.

关键词： Image classification

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Short Wave Infrared Upconversion Imager with Electron Blocking Layer to Screen Electron Injection into Photosensitive Layer

Short Wave Infrared Upconversion Imager with Electron Blocki...

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IEEE International Conference on Flexible and Printable Sensors and Systems (FLEPS)

作者： Chanho Shin Ning Li Tse Nga Ng Material Science and Engineering Program University of California San Diego La Jolla USA Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of California San Diego La Jolla USA

In this work, we demonstrated upconversion imagers integrated with shortwave infrared photodetectors paired with an electron blocking layer. The use of electron blocking layer screened charge injection to prevent recombination in photosensitive layer. The characteristics of each electron blocking layer were analyzed in aspects of noise and detectivity. For the optimized device, the parasitic luminance in the dark was efficiently suppressed, and the photon-to-photon efficiency was increased. The electron blocking layer used in this work is generally applicable for upconversion imagers using different absorption and emitting materials.

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Proactive Opinion-Driven Robot Navigation Around Human Movers

Proactive Opinion-Driven Robot Navigation Around Human Mover...

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IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS)

作者： Charlotte Cathcart María Santos Shinkyu Park Naomi Ehrich Leonard Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Princeton University Princeton NJ USA Park is with the Electrical and Computer Engineering program King Abdullah University of Science and Technology Thuwal Saudi Arabia

We propose, analyze, and experimentally verify a new proactive approach for robot social navigation driven by the robot's “opinion” for which way and by how much to pass human movers crossing its path. The robot forms an opinion over time according to nonlinear dynamics that depend on the robot's observations of human movers and its level of attention to these social cues. For these dynamics, it is guaranteed that when the robot's attention is greater than a critical value, deadlock in decision making is broken, and the robot rapidly forms a strong opinion, passing each human mover even if the robot has no bias nor evidence for which way to pass. We enable proactive rapid and reliable social navigation by having the robot grow its attention across the critical value when a human mover approaches. With human-robot experiments we demonstrate the flexibility of our approach and validate our analytical results on deadlock-breaking. We also show that a single design parameter can tune the trade-off between efficiency and reliability in human-robot passing. The new approach has the additional advantage that it does not rely on a predictive model of human behavior.

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