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Annual Conference on Information Sciences and Systems (CISS)

作者： Yih-Choung Yu Hayden Fisher Angela Busheska Lily Thompson Lisa Gabel Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering Lafayette College Easton PA USA Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia Philadelphia PA USA Neuroscience Program Lafayette College Easton PA USA Dept. of Psychology & Neuroscience Program Lafayette College Easton PA USA

Applications of brain-computer interface (BCI) systems have grown in importance for assisting individuals with severe motor disabilities in navigating our increasingly technologically dependent society. With applications such as electric wheelchairs and advanced prosthetics in mind, the goal of this research is to develop a system that enables the use of electroencephalographic (EEG) and electromyographic (EMG) signals to control the movement of a robot. An EEG cap was used to obtain occipital alpha power density, frontal muscular artifacts, and sensorimotor mu rhythms, which were then sent back to a PC via Bluetooth for further processing. Signal-processing algorithms and models were developed and implemented to determine the user’s mental activity and send signals to the external physical device. The preliminary results from the pilot experiments were very promising. The algorithms will be implemented for real-time signal processing and tested with a BCI-controlled robotic device.

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Image Processing Pipeline to Compute Homologous Recombination Score 22

Image Processing Pipeline to Compute Homologous Recombinatio...

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12th International Conference on Biomedical engineering and Technology, ICBET 2022

作者： Vundavilli, Haswanth Tumiati, Manuela Hautaniemi, Sampsa Datta, Aniruddha Kauppi, Liisa Texas A&M University United States The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center United States Research Program in Systems Oncology Faculty of Medicine University of Helsinki Finland Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering The Center for Bioinformatics and Genomic Systems Engineering Texas A&M University United States

ISBN: (纸本)9781450395779

DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) occur frequently in eukaryotic cells, and the homologous recombination pathway (HR) is one of the major pathways required to repair these breaks. However, tumor cells that are able to repair DSBs are unlikely to die due to damage incurred by DNA damaging chemotherapies, such as platinum compounds. While platinum-based therapies have been effective in treating various cancers, they also carry harsh side effects, and thus ideally platinum should be used when the probability of treatment resistance is low. HR scores provide a measure for patients' tumor's HR capacity and have been shown to predict their chemotherapy response and long-term survival. Calculating this score manually from immunofluorescence microscopy images for each patient is error-prone and time-consuming. Herein, we propose an image processing pipeline that takes as input imaging data from three emission channels (representing nuclei, S-phase cells, and HR-mediated repair in a tumor slice) from an epifluorescence microscope and computes the HR score. Our open-source methodology forms a rationale to develop similar approaches in predicting chemotherapeutic responses and facilitating to make treatment decisions. © 2022 ACM.

关键词： Chemotherapy

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The Influence of Overcharging and Over-Discharging on the Capacity Degradation of Lithium-Ion Batteries

The Influence of Overcharging and Over-Discharging on the Ca...

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IEEE Conference on Vehicle Power and Propulsion (VPPC)

作者： Joelton Deonei Gotz Marco Antonio Simões Teixeira Fernanda Cristina Corrêa Emilson Ribeiro Viana Alceu André Badin Milton Borsato Graduate Program in Electrical and Computer Engineering Federal Technological University of Paraná (UTFPR-CT) Curitiba Brazil Graduate Program in Informatics (PPGIa) Pontifical Catholic University of Paraná (PUC-PR) Curitiba Brazil Graduate Program in Electrical Engineering Federal Technological University of Paraná (UTFPR-PG) Ponta Grossa Brazil Physics Department Graduate Program in Physics and Astronomy Federal Technological University of Paraná (UTFPR-CT) Curitiba Brazil Graduate Program in Mechanical Engineering Federal Technological University of Paraná (UTFPR-CT) Curitiba Brazil

ISBN: (数字)9798331541606

ISBN: (纸本)9798331541613

Lithium-ion batteries (LIB) are the best technology for supplying and storing energy for electric mobility systems. Despite that, this technology is sensitive to abuses that can compromise its lifetime and cause fire and explosion risks. In this context, if LIB is not correctly controlled, some abuses, such as overcharging (OC) and over-discharging (OD), can be observed and provoke a loss of capacity. Therefore, this work presented the application of several experiments in cells, of the NMC type, under OC and the combination of OC and OD. The results indicated that cells charged until 4.4 and 4.5 V and discharged until 3.0 V do not lose capacity for twenty-five cycles, but more cycles should be done to understand the impact over time. On the other side, the cell charged until 4.6 and 4.8 V had its security protection romped in the fourth charging cycle, and the cell charged until 5.0 V had its safety compromised in the first charging cycle. Conversely, cells with a combination of OC and OD were more compromised. In this context, while a cell is submitted only with OC and does not lose capacity, a cell under OC and then under OD had its protection romped in the third charging cycle. Cells under 4.6 V and 4.8 V lost capacity during the second charging cycle. In conclusion, OC provokes a high level of degradation in the cell, but the combination of OC and OD causes even more degradation.

关键词： Degradation Lithium-ion batteries Battery management systems Propulsion Security Reliability Protection Stress Monitoring Predictive maintenance

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COULD DROPPING A FEW CELLS CHANGE THE TAKEAWAYS FROM DIFFERENTIAL EXPRESSION?

arXiv

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arXiv 2023年

作者： Shiffman, Miriam Giordano, Ryan Broderick, Tamara MIT Computational & Systems Biology Program United States MIT Dept. of Electrical Engineering & Computer Science United States UC Berkeley Dept. of Statistics United States

Analysis of differential gene expression plays a fundamental role in biology toward illuminating the molecular mechanisms driving a difference between groups (e.g., due to treatment or disease). While any analysis is run on particular cells or samples, the intent is to generalize to future occurrences of the treatment or disease. Implicitly, generalization is justified under the assumption that present and future samples are independent and identically distributed from the same population. Though this assumption is always false, we might hope that any deviation from the assumption is small enough that A) fundamental conclusions of the analysis still hold, and B) standard tools like standard error, significance, and power still reflect generalizability. Conversely, we might worry about these deviations, and reliance on standard statistical tools, if conclusions could be substantively changed by dropping a very small fraction of observations. While checking every small fraction is computationally intractable, recent work develops an approximation to identify when such an influential subset exists. Building on this work, we develop a metric for dropping-data robustness of differential expression;namely, we cast the analysis in a differentiable form suitable to the approximation, extend the approximation to models whose hyperparameters depend on the full dataset, and extend the notion of a data point from a single cell to a pseudobulk observation. We then overcome the inherent non-differentiability of gene set enrichment analysis to develop an additional approximation for the robustness of top gene sets. We use our tool to assess the robustness of differential expression for published single-cell RNA-seq data, and discover that thousands of genes can have their results flipped by dropping Copyright © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Diseases

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10-point connector formed by two snap buttons

10-point connector formed by two snap buttons

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IEEE International Conference on Consumer Electronics (ICCE)

作者： Chang-Ming Yang Shu-Cing Wu Rally Kao Kuo-Cheng Liao Ze-We Wu Shih-Hung Chen Chi-Chun Chen Ming Young Biomedical Corp Miaoli Taiwan Program Prospective Technology of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science National Chin-Yi University of Technology Taichung Taiwan Bonanza Biotechnology Co.Ltd Dept. of Computer Science and Information Engineering National Chin-Yi University of Technology Taichung Taiwan Dept. of Electronic Engineering National Chin-Yi University of Technology Taichung Taiwan

With the rapid advancement of electronic textiles, the design and integration of connectors have emerged as pivotal challenges. This study emphasizes the development of a connection solution that amalgamates miniaturization, efficiency, and reliability, specifically tailored for Flexible Conductive Silicone Circuits. A diversified connection scheme is proposed, incorporating elements such as snaps, Pogo pins, and conductive hook-and-loop fasteners, thereby achieving an innovative and pragmatic design. Through meticulous manufacturing processes, including the utilization of hot-melt adhesive, PET films, conductive fabric, and other multilayer materials, a connection system with low impedance and commendable conductivity was successfully engineered. Impedance test outcomes have indicated that the resistance at each connection point is less than 0.7 ohms, substantiating its superior electrical properties. In terms of assembly, this research demonstrates the precise interconnection of the controller and conductive fabric circuit, ensured by metal pin technology, leading to connection stability. This solution not only furnishes appropriate connection technology for specific application scenarios but also opens new avenues and directions for connection design within the domain of electronic textiles.

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Tackling Shortcut Learning in Deep Neural Networks: An Iterative Approach with Interpretable Models

arXiv

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arXiv 2023年

作者： Ghosh, Shantanu Yu, Ke Arabshahi, Forough Batmanghelich, Kayhan Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Boston University MA United States Intelligent Systems Program University of Pittsburgh PA United States MetaAI Menlo ParkCA United States

We use concept-based interpretable models to mitigate shortcut learning. Existing methods lack interpretability. Beginning with a Blackbox, we iteratively carve out a mixture of interpretable experts (MoIE) and a residual network. Each expert explains a subset of data using First Order Logic (FOL). While explaining a sample, the FOL from biased BB-derived MoIE detects the shortcut effectively. Finetuning the BB with Metadata Normalization (MDN) eliminates the shortcut. The FOLs from the finetuned-BB-derived MoIE verify the elimination of the shortcut. Our experiments show that MoIE does not hurt the accuracy of the original BB and eliminates shortcuts effectively. © 2023, CC BY.

关键词： Deep neural networks

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Solid State Electrolyte to Enable Structural Supercapacitors

Solid State Electrolyte to Enable Structural Supercapacitors

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IEEE International Conference on Flexible and Printable Sensors and Systems (FLEPS)

作者： Nandu Koripally Lulu Yao Jason D. Azoulay Tse Nga Ng Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of California San Diego La Jolla CA USA Materials Science Engineering Program University of California San Diego La Jolla CA USA Chemisty Department Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta GA USA

ISBN: (数字)9798350383263

ISBN: (纸本)9798350383270

Supercapacitors are known for longer cycle life and faster charging rate compared to batteries. However, the energy density of supercapacitors requires improvement to expand their application space. To raise the energy density of structural supercapacitors, this work demonstrates a low resistance and mechanically strong solid-state electrolyte.

关键词： Resistance Supercapacitors Electrolytes Sensor systems Sensors Batteries

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Adaptive GLCM sampling for transformer-based COVID-19 detection on CT

arXiv

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arXiv 2022年

作者： Jung, Okchul Kang, Dong Un Kim, Gwanghyun Chun, Se Young Electrical and Computer Engineering Seoul National University Korea Republic of Interdisciplinary Program in AI Seoul National University Korea Republic of

The world has suffered from COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2) for the last two years, causing much damage and change in people’s daily lives. Thus, automated detection of COVID-19 utilizing deep learning on chest computed tomography (CT) scans became promising, which helps correct diagnosis efficiently. Recently, transformer-based COVID-19 detection method on CT is proposed to utilize 3D information in CT volume. However, its sampling method for selecting slices is not optimal. To leverage rich 3D information in CT volume, we propose a transformer-based COVID-19 detection using a novel data curation and adaptive sampling method using gray level co-occurrence matrices (GLCM). To train the model which consists of CNN layer, followed by transformer architecture, we first executed data curation based on lung segmentation and utilized the entropy of GLCM value of every slice in CT volumes to select important slices for the prediction. The experimental results show that the proposed method improve the detection performance with large margin without much difficult modification to the model. © 2022, CC BY.

关键词： COVID-19

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DDD: A Perceptually Superior Low-Response-Time DNN-Based Declipper

DDD: A Perceptually Superior Low-Response-Time DNN-Based Dec...

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International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing (ICASSP)

作者： Jayeon Yi Junghyun Koo Kyogu Lee Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science University of Michigan Dept. of Intelligence and Information Seoul National University Interdisciplinary Program in Artificial Intelligence Seoul National University Artificial Intelligence Institute Seoul National University

Clipping is a common nonlinear distortion that occurs whenever the input or output of an audio system exceeds the supported range. This phenomenon undermines not only the perception of speech quality but also downstream processes utilizing the disrupted signal. Therefore, a real-time-capable, robust, and low-response-time method for speech declipping (SD) is desired. In this work, we introduce DDD (Demucs-Discriminator-Declipper), a real-time-capable speech-declipping deep neural network (DNN) that requires less response time by design. We first observe that a previously untested real-time-capable DNN model, Demucs, exhibits a reasonable declipping performance. Then we utilize adversarial learning objectives to increase the perceptual quality of output speech without additional inference overhead. Subjective evaluations on harshly clipped speech shows that DDD outperforms the baselines by a wide margin in terms of speech quality. We perform detailed waveform and spectral analyses to gain an insight into the output behavior of DDD in comparison to the baselines. Finally, our streaming simulations also show that DDD is capable of sub-decisecond mean response times, outperforming the state-of-the-art DNN approach by a factor of six.

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High Spatial Resolution Terahertz Time-Domain Imaging of Murine Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma Tissues

High Spatial Resolution Terahertz Time-Domain Imaging of Mur...

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2023 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics, CLEO 2023

作者： Chakraborty, Debamitra Mills, Bradley N. Cheng, Jing Komissarov, Ivan Gerber, Scott Sobolewski, Roman Materials Science Graduate Program University of Rochester RochesterNY14627-1299 United States Laboratory for Laser Energetics University of Rochester RochesterNY14623 United States Department of Surgery University of Rochester Medical Center RochesterNY14642 United States Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Rochester RochesterNY14627-0231 United States

We developed a terahertz time-domain spectroscopy system to generate high-resolution 2-dimensional images of paraffin-embedded murine pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma tissues using the refractive index and absorption ... 详细信息

ISBN: (纸本)9781957171258

关键词： Tissue

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