The importance of Model Predictive Control(MPC)has significant applications in the agricultural industry,more specifically for greenhouse’s control ***,the complexity of the greenhouse and its limited prior knowledge...
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The importance of Model Predictive Control(MPC)has significant applications in the agricultural industry,more specifically for greenhouse’s control ***,the complexity of the greenhouse and its limited prior knowledge prevent an exact mathematical description of the *** methods provide a promising solution to this issue through their capacity to identify the system’s comportment using the fit between model output and observed *** this paper,we introduce an application of Constrained Model Predictive Control(CMPC)for a greenhouse temperature and relative *** this purpose,two Multi Input Single Output(MISO)systems,using Numerical Subspace State Space System Identification(N4SID)algorithm,are firstly suggested to identify the temperature and the relative humidity comportment to heating and ventilation *** this sense,linear state space models were adopted in order to evaluate the robustness of the control *** the system is identified,the MPC technique is applied for the temperature and the humidity *** results show that the regulation of the temperature and the relative humidity under constraints was guaranteed,both parameters respect the ranges 15℃≤T_(int)≤30℃and 50%≤H_(int)≤70%*** the other hand,the control signals uf and uh applied to the fan and the heater,respect the hard constraints notion,the control signals for the fan and the heater did not exceed 0≤uf≤4.3 Volts and 0≤uh≤5 Volts,respectively,which proves the effectiveness of the MPC and the tracking ***,we show that with the proposed technique,using a new optimization toolbox,the computational complexity has been significantly *** greenhouse in question is devoted to Schefflera Arboricola cultivation.
A centralized real-time control based on recent guidelines and standards is presented in this work. The present study introduces a two-loop control capable of adapting to frequency changes, enabling a seamless transit...
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A centralized real-time control based on recent guidelines and standards is presented in this work. The present study introduces a two-loop control capable of adapting to frequency changes, enabling a seamless transition. Obtained results indicate that this approach achieves synchronization during frequency step change and sinusoidal variation of utilitys frequency following its restoration. Moreover, presence of DC-offset in grid voltages is considered. An enhanced second-order complex vector filter (ESOCVF)-based frequency locked loop (FLL) is designed to estimate input signal’s exact magnitude, frequency, and phase. Its performance during phase jump and frequency jump is considered and is compared with second order generalized integrator (SOGI), second-order-complex vector filter (SO-CVF) and third-order-complex vector filter (TO-CVF)-based FLL structures to demonstrate performance superiority of ESOCVF-based FLL in tracking of frequency and phase. Performance of various controls of solar photovoltaic (PV) array and battery energy storage system (BESS) based MG are studied in both grid-interfaced (GI) and standalone (SA) modes. IEEE
One of the main causes of deaths among adults throughout the world is liver cancer. It is difficult and exhaustively time-consuming to identify liver lesion from healthy tissues and cancer tissue from non-cancerous le...
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This paper revisits the problem of bumpless transfer control(BTC) for discrete-time nondeterministic switched linear systems. The general case of asynchronous switching is considered for the first time in the field of...
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This paper revisits the problem of bumpless transfer control(BTC) for discrete-time nondeterministic switched linear systems. The general case of asynchronous switching is considered for the first time in the field of BTC for switched systems. A new approach called interpolated bumpless transfer control(IBTC) is proposed, where the bumpless transfer controllers are formulated with the combination of the two adjacent modedependent controller gains, and are interpolated for finite steps once the switching is detected. In contrast with the existing approaches, IBTC does not necessarily run through the full interval of subsystems, as well as possesses the time-varying controller gains(with more flexibility and less conservatism) achieved from a control synthesis allowing for the stability and other performance of the whole switched system. Sufficient conditions ensuring stability and H_(∞) performance of the underlying system by IBTC are developed, and numerical examples verify the theoretical findings.
The advent of smart manufacturing in Industry 4.0 signifies the era of connections. As a communication protocol, Object linking and embedding for Process Control Unified Architecture (OPC UA) can address most semantic...
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Malaria, a fatal disease, is brought about when a female anopheles mosquito bites. Death may occur from malaria if treatment is not received in its early stages. It is highly important to identify the malaria parasite...
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High penetration of renewable energy sources(RESs)induces sharply-fluctuating feeder power,leading to volt-age deviation in active distribution *** prevent voltage violations,multi-terminal soft open points(M-sOPs)hav...
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High penetration of renewable energy sources(RESs)induces sharply-fluctuating feeder power,leading to volt-age deviation in active distribution *** prevent voltage violations,multi-terminal soft open points(M-sOPs)have been integrated into the distribution systems to enhance voltage con-trol ***,the M-SOP voltage control recalculated in real time cannot adapt to the rapid fluctuations of photovol-taic(PV)power,fundamentally limiting the voltage controllabili-ty of *** address this issue,a full-model-free adaptive graph deep deterministic policy gradient(FAG-DDPG)model is proposed for M-SOP voltage ***,the attention-based adaptive graph convolutional network(AGCN)is lever-aged to extract the complex correlation features of nodal infor-mation to improve the policy learning ***,the AGCN-based surrogate model is trained to replace the power flow cal-culation to achieve model-free ***,the deep deterministic policy gradient(DDPG)algorithm allows FAG-DDPG model to learn an optimal control strategy of M-SOP by continuous interactions with the AGCN-based surrogate *** tests have been performed on modified IEEE 33-node,123-node,and a real 76-node distribution systems,which demonstrate the effectiveness and generalization ability of the proposed FAG-DDPGmodel.
Recent advancements in wearable and Internet of Things (IoT) technologies have yet to be fully realized in combination with Mixed Reality (MR) for comprehensive real-time health monitoring systems. This paper introduc...
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This study focuses on creating an accurate reflection prediction model that will guide the design of filters with multilayer Anti-Reflection Coating (ARC) to optimize the thickness parameters using Machine Learning (M...
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This study focuses on creating an accurate reflection prediction model that will guide the design of filters with multilayer Anti-Reflection Coating (ARC) to optimize the thickness parameters using Machine Learning (ML) and Deep Learning (DL) techniques. This model aims to shed light on the design process of a multilayer optical filter, making it more cost-effective by providing faster and more precise production. In creating this model, a dataset containing data obtained from 3000 (1500 Ge–Al2O3, 1500 Ge–SiO2) simulations previously performed on a computer based on the thicknesses of multilayer structural materials was used. The data are generated using Computational Electromagnetic simulation software based on the Finite-Difference Time-Domain method. To understand the mechanism of the proposed model, two different two-layer coating simulations were studied. While Ge was used as the substrate in both coatings, Al2O3 and SiO2 were used as the second layers. The data set consists of the 3–5 µm and 8–12 µm bands typical for the mid-wave infrared (MWIR) and long-wave infrared (LWIR) bands and includes reflectance values for wavelengths ranging between these spectra. In the specified 2-layer data set, the average reflectance was obtained with a minimum of 0.36 at 515 nm Ge and 910 nm SiO2 thicknesses. This value can be increased by adapting the proposed model to more than 2 layers. Six ML algorithms and a DL model, including artificial neural networks and convolutional neural networks, are evaluated to determine the most effective approach for predicting reflectance properties. Furthermore, in the proposed model, a hyperparameter tuning phase is used in the study to compare the efficiency of ML and DL methods to generate dual-band ARC and maximize the prediction accuracy of the DL algorithm. To our knowledge, this is the first time this has been implemented in this field. The results show that ML models, particularly decision tree (MSE: 0.00000069, RMSE: 0.00083), rand
Recently,intelligent reflecting surfaces(IRSs)have emerged as potential candidates for overcoming the line-of-sight issue in 5 G/6 G wireless *** IRSs can manipulate the direction of reflected beams,enabling efficient...
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Recently,intelligent reflecting surfaces(IRSs)have emerged as potential candidates for overcoming the line-of-sight issue in 5 G/6 G wireless *** IRSs can manipulate the direction of reflected beams,enabling efficient beam steering to enhance the performance of wireless *** unit cell(or unit structure)of an IRS commonly consists of electrical elements for phase ***,by employing phase modulation alone,an IRS can steer the reflected electromagnetic waves toward only discrete and specific angles,leaving a wide range of out-of-beam *** this work,an IRS that uses both phase modulation and space modulation is presented to improve the beam resolution and continuously cover out-of-beam areas that phase modulation alone cannot address.A positive-intrinsic-negative diode is mounted on a unit cell for phase modulation,and a 4D-printed reconfigured structure is fabricated to demonstrate space *** beam-steering function is achieved by alternating the states of the diodes in the same columns,while the beam resolution is improved by controlling the gaps between the *** functions are frst theoretically and numerically analyzed and then experimentally verified,demonstrating that additional angles of-46°/+50°,-22°/+14°,and -16°/+12°are achieved with space modulation and -60°/+62°,-30°/+22°,and±16°are achieved by phase modulation *** proposed IRS offers the possibility of functional integration in a variety of indoor applications within the wireless communication field.
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