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Quantum computing at the frontiers of biological sciences

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arXiv 2019年

作者： Emani, Prashant S. Warrell, Jonathan Anticevic, Alan Bekiranov, Stefan Gandal, Michael McConnell, Michael J. Sapiro, Guillermo Aspuru-Guzik, Alán Baker, Justin Bastiani, Matteo McClure, Patrick Murray, John Sotiropoulos, Stamatios N. Taylor, Jacob Senthil, Geetha Lehner, Thomas Gerstein, Mark B. Harrow, Aram W. Program in Computational Biology and Bioinformatics Yale University New HavenCT06520 United States Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry Yale University New HavenCT06520 United States Yale School of Medicine Department of Psychiatry New HavenCT06511 United States University of Virginia School of Medicine Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics CharlottesvilleVA22903 United States Department of Psychiatry Semel Institute David Geffen School of Medicine University of California–Los Angeles 695 Charles E. Young Drive South Los AngelesCA90095 United States Univ. of Virginia School of Medicine Department of Neuroscience CharlottesvilleVA22903 United States Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Duke University DurhamNC27708 United States Department of Chemistry University of Toronto 80 St. George Street TorontoONM5S 3H6 Canada TorontoONM5S 1M1 Canada CIFAR Artificial Intelligence Research Chair Vector Institute TorontoONM5S 1M1 Canada Department of Computer Science University of Toronto 40 St. George Street TorontoONM5S 2E4 Canada Schizophrenia and Bipolar Disorder Program McLean Hospital BelmontMA02478 United States Department of Psychiatry Harvard Medical School BostonMA02114 United States Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre School of Medicine University of Nottingham NottinghamNG7 2RD United Kingdom Machine Learning Team National Institute of Mental Health BethesdaMD20892 United States Section on Functional Imaging Methods National Institute of Mental Health BethesdaMD20892 United States Department of Psychiatry Yale University School of Medicine New HavenCT06511 United States Department of Physics Yale University New HavenCT06511 United States Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science University of Maryland College ParkMD20742 United States National Institute of Standards and Technology GaithersburgMD20899 United States Office of Genomics Research Coordination N

The search for meaningful structure in biological data has relied on cutting-edge advances in computational technology and data science methods. However, challenges arise as we push the limits of scale and complexity in biological problems. Innovation in massively parallel, classical computing hardware and algorithms continues to address many of these challenges, but there is a need to simultaneously consider new paradigms to circumvent current barriers to processing speed. Accordingly, we articulate a view towards quantum computation and quantum information science, where algorithms have demonstrated potential polynomial and exponential computational speedups in certain applications, such as machine learning. The maturation of the field of quantum computing, in hardware and algorithm development, also coincides with the growth of several collaborative efforts to address questions across length and time scales, and scientific disciplines. We use this coincidence to explore the potential for quantum computing to aid in one such endeavor: the merging of insights from genetics, genomics, neuroimaging and behavioral phenotyping. By examining joint opportunities for computational innovation across fields, we highlight the need for a common language between biological data analysis and quantum computing. Ultimately, we consider current and future prospects for the employment of quantum computing algorithms in the biological sciences. Copyright © 2019, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Machine learning

Fault detection in processes represented by PLS models using an EWMA control scheme

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Fault detection in processes represented by PLS models using...

International Conference on Control, Decision and Information Technologies (CoDIT)

作者： Fouzi Harrou Mohamed N. Nounou Hazem N. Nounou Chemical Engineering Program King Abdullah University of Science and Technology Saudi Arabia Chemical Engineering Program Texas A&M University at Qatar Corresponding author Electrical and Computer Engineering Program

Fault detection is important for effective and safe process operation. Partial least squares (PLS) has been used successfully in fault detection for multivariate processes with highly correlated variables. However, the conventional PLS-based detection metrics, such as the Hotelling's T 2 and the Q statistics are not well suited to detect small faults because they only use information about the process in the most recent observation. Exponentially weighed moving average (EWMA), however, has been shown to be more sensitive to small shifts in the mean of process variables. In this paper, a PLS-based EWMA fault detection method is proposed for monitoring processes represented by PLS models. The performance of the proposed method is compared with that of the traditional PLS-based fault detection method through a simulated example involving various fault scenarios that could be encountered in real processes. The simulation results clearly show the effectiveness of the proposed method over the conventional PLS method.

关键词： Monitoring Fault detection Process control Mathematical model Control charts Data models Covariance matrices

Author Correction: The interrelation of sleep and mental and physical health is anchored in grey-matter neuroanatomy and under genetic control

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Communications biology

Communications biology 2020年第1期3卷 290页

作者： Masoud Tahmasian Fateme Samea Habibolah Khazaie Mojtaba Zarei Shahrzad Kharabian Masouleh Felix Hoffstaedter Julia Camilleri Peter Kochunov B T Thomas Yeo Simon Bodo Eickhoff Sofie Louise Valk Institute of Medical Science and Technology Shahid Beheshti University Tehran Iran. Sleep Disorders Research Center Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences Kermanshah Iran. Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-7: Brain and Behaviour) Research Centre Jülich 52425 Jülich Germany. Institute of Systems Neuroscience Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf 40225 Düsseldorf Germany. Maryland Psychiatric Research Center University of Maryland School of Medicine Baltimore MD 21201 USA. Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Clinical Imaging Research Centre N.1 Institute for Health and Memory Networks Program National University of Singapore Singapore 119077 Singapore. Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging Massachusetts General Hospital Charlestown MA 02114 USA. Centre for Sleep and Cognition National University of Singapore Singapore 119077 Singapore. NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering National University of Singapore Singapore 119077 Singapore. Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-7: Brain and Behaviour) Research Centre Jülich 52425 Jülich Germany. svalk@fz-juelich.de. Institute of Systems Neuroscience Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf 40225 Düsseldorf Germany. svalk@fz-juelich.de.

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.

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Cochlear tuning… of mice and men

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AIP Conference Proceedings 2018年第1期1965卷

作者： Shirin Farrahi Roozbeh Ghaffari Jonathan B. Sellon Hideko H. Nakajima Dennis M. Freeman 1Research Laboratory of Electronics MIT Cambridge Massachusetts USA 2Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science MIT Cambridge Massachusetts USA 3Harvard-MIT Program in Health Sciences and Technology Cambridge Massachusetts USA 4Department of Otolaryngology Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts Eye and Ear Boston Massachusetts USA

It has been suggested that humans discriminate different frequency sounds with greater selectivity than other mammals. However, mechanisms that could underlie higher frequency selectivity in humans are unclear. Recent studies show that the tectorial membrane (TM) supports longitudinally propagating waves, and the spread of excitation of these TM waves has been implicated in controlling the tuning properties in a mutant mouse model of hearing. Here we compare TM morphology and waves in humans and mice and show that despite some differences in morphology, the spread of excitation of TM waves is similar in spatial extent. However, the cochlear maps of humans and mice differ significantly, with similar cochlear distances mapping to a narrower range of best frequencies in humans than in mice. By coupling different frequency ranges, TM waves could contribute to differences in frequency tuning in mammals, with the smaller human range of frequencies corresponding to sharper frequency tuning.

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Exploring low internal reorganization energies for silicene nanoclusters

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arXiv 2017年

作者： Pablo-Pedro, Ricardo Lopez-Rios, Hector Mendoza-Cortes, Jose-L Kong, Jing Fomine, Serguei van Voorhis, Troy Dresselhaus, Mildred S. Department of Chemistry Massachusetts Institute of Technology 77 Massachusetts Avenue CambridgeMA02139 United States Instituto de Investigaciones en Materiales Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Apartado Postal 70-360 CU Coyoacán Ciudad de México04510 Mexico Department of Chemical & Biomedical Engineering Florida A&M University Florida State University Joint College of Engineering Tallahassee FL32310 United States Scientific Computing Department Materials Science and Engineering Program High Performance Material Institute Condensed Matter Theory National High Magnetic Field Laboratory Florida State University TallahasseeFL32310 United States Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Massachusetts Institute of Technology CambridgeMA02139 United States Department of Physics Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Massachusetts Institute of Technology CambridgeMA02139 United States

High-performance materials rely on small reorganization energies to facilitate both charge separation and charge transport. Here, we performed DFT calculations to predict small reorganization energies of rectangular silicene nanoclusters with hydrogen-passivated edges denoted by H-SiNC. We observe that across all geometries, H-SiNCs feature large electron affinities and highly stabilized anionic states, indicating their potential as n-type materials. Our findings suggest that fine-tuning the size of H-SiNCs along the "zigzag" and "armchair" directions may permit the design of novel n-type electronic materials and spinctronics devices that incorporate both high electron affinities and very low internal reorganization energies. Copyright © 2017, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Silicene

Exploring Low Internal Reorganization Energies for Silicene Nanoclusters

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arXiv 2017年

关键词： Silicene

Experimental demonstration of quantum fully homomorphic encryption with application in a two-party secure protocol

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arXiv 2018年

作者： Tham, W.K. Ferretti, Hugo Bonsma-Fisher, Kent Brodutch, Aharon Sanders, Barry C. Steinberg, Aephraim M. Jeery, Stacey Department of Physics University of Toronto 60 St George St TorontoONM5S 1A7 Canada Center for Quantum Information and Quantum Control University of Toronto 60 St George St Toronto OntarioM5S 1A7 Canada Edward S. Rogers Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Toronto 10 Kings College Road TorontoONM5S 3G4 Canada Institute for Quantum Science and Technology University of Calgary AlbertaT2N 1N4 Canada Institute for Quantum Information and Matter California Institute of Technology PasadenaCA91125 United States Program in Quantum Information Science Canadian Institute for Advanced Research TorontoONM5G 1M1 Canada QuSoft and Cwi Amsterdam Netherlands

A fully homomorphic encryption system hides data from unauthorized parties, while still allowing them to perform computations on the encrypted data. Aside from the straightforward benefit of allowing users to delegate computations to a more powerful server without revealing their inputs, a fully homomorphic cryptosystem can be used as a building block in the construction of a number of cryptographic functionalities. Designing such a scheme remained an open problem until 2009, decades after the idea was first conceived, and the past few years have seen the generalization of this functionality to the world of quantum machines. Quantum schemes prior to the one implemented here were able to replicate some features in particular use-cases often associated with homomor-phic encryption but lacked other crucial properties, for example, relying on continual interaction to perform a computation or leaking information about the encrypted data. We present the first experimental realisation of a quantum fully homomorphic encryption scheme. We further present a toy two-party secure computation task enabled by our scheme. Finally, as part of our implemen-tation, we also demonstrate a post-selective two-qubit linear optical controlled-phase gate with a much higher post-selection success probability (1/2) when compared to alternate implementations, e.g. with post-selective controlled-Z or controlled-X gates (1/9). Copyright © 2018, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Toys

Ferroelectric domain engineering using infrared femtosecond laser and its application to optical frequency conversion

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Ferroelectric domain engineering using infrared femtosecond ...

Nonlinear Photonics, NP 2016

作者： Chen, X. Karpinski, P. Shvedov, V. Hnatovsky, C. Boes, A. Mitchell, A. Krolikowski, W. Sheng, Y. Laser Physics Centre Research School of Physics and Engineering Australian National University CanberraACT2601 Australia Wroclaw University of Technology Wybrzeze Wyspianskiego Wroclaw Poland School of Electrical and Computer Engineering RMIT University MelbourneVIC3001 Australia Science Program Texas A and M University at Qatar Doha Qatar

All-optical ferroelectric domain inversion is realized by using tightly focused infrared femtosecond pulses. Quasi-phase matching structures are fabricated for efficient second harmonic generations in lithium niobate ... 详细信息

ISBN: (纸本)9781943580170

关键词： Optical frequency conversion

Comparison of time in processing frame as an error detection mechanism in network transmission

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IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and engineering 2018年第1期420卷

作者： Robbi Rahim Rosida Tiurma Manurung Darmawan Napitupulu R Ratnadewi Heri Nurdiyanto Itsar Bolo Rangka Hamzah Eterudin Eko Susanto Arif Hidayat Nyoto Suseno School of Computer and Communication Engineering Universiti Malaysia Perlis Kubang Gajah Malaysia Graduate Program in Scientific Psychology Universitas Kristen Maranatha Bandung Indonesia Research Center for Quality System and Testing Technology Indonesian Institute of Sciences Jakarta Indonesia Electrical Engineering Universitas Kristen Maranatha Bandung Indonesia Department of Informatics STMIK Dharma Wacana Metro Lampung Indonesia Departement of Guidance and Counseling Universitas Indraprasta PGRI Jakarta Indonesia Departement of Electrical Universitas Lancang Kuning Pekanbaru Indonesia Universitas Muhammadiyah Metro Lampung Indonesia

Errors in data transmission cannot be known directly when the data transmission process is fulfilled, but error is often prevalent in data transmission. Faulty or missing frames or bits are standard errors and to control or check errors requires a unique method, in this case, the Stop-and-wait method, Go-Back-N and Selective Reject are methods that can be used to do so, comparison of time of error checking process with Stop-and-wait method, Go-Back-N and Selective Reject is very important to get the right method to check the ignorance, from testing performed that the method of Go-Back-N is much faster than the other methods.

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