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2023 IEEE 66th International Midwest Symposium on Circuits and Systems, MWSCAS 2023

作者： Perczak, Ian Yuan, Fei Toronto Metropolitan University Department of Electrical Computer and Biomedical Engineering TorontoON Canada

ISBN: (纸本)9798350302103

This paper presents a 12b hybrid ADC consisting of a 8b successive approximation register (SAR) analog-to-digital converter (ADC) with top-plate sampling, a variable-slope voltage-to-time converter with built-in absolute-value function, and a 3-stage cyclic gated Vernier TDC. The proposed ADC features the ability to accommodate a large input without sacrificing linearity, low power consumption, and technology compatibility. A number of techniques are proposed to improve performance and power efficiency of the ADC. These techniques include a sub-threshold delay-locked loop with pulsed control signals for clock generation, clock kickback reduction to minimize kickback and mismatch induced sensitivity loss of the comparator of the SAR ADC, a gated cyclic Vernier TDC to minimize the resolution loss caused by the improper injection of time inputs and a virtually unlimited dynamic range, a self-resetting arbiter with zero metastability window to improve the resolution of Vernier TDC, and a significantly simplified synchronous SAR for a better power/area efficiency. The ADC is designed in a TSMC 130 nm 1.2 V CMOS technology with a reduced supply voltage of 0.8 V and analyzed using Spectre with BSIM3.3 device models. Simulation results show that at 500 kS/s, the ADC offers a SNDR of 69.04 dB and ENOB of 11.17 while consuming 3.70 μW, yielding a Walden FOM of 3.21 fJ/conv. © 2023 IEEE.

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Decentralized Federated Deep Learning Image Recognition Models 4

Decentralized Federated Deep Learning Image Recognition Mode...

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4th International Conference on Artificial Intelligence, Robotics and Control, AIRC 2023

作者： Kugan, Sharun Islam, Md Quyyum Ul Kashef, Rasha Toronto Metropolitan University Department of Electrical Computer Biomedical Engineering Toronto Canada

ISBN: (纸本)9798350348248

In the era of IoT, numerous frameworks and cutting-edge models have been introduced to enhance user experience and privacy and reduce the risk of data breaches. Over time, IoT device usage has grown tremendously, and a flood of data has been sent to servers for processing. Federated learning has been deployed for efficient decentralization while preserving privacy. Federated learning has been applied in various IoT-related applications such as image classification, object segmentation, object detection, and sensor analytics. Existing centralized image recognition models fall short of providing accurate image classification with acceptable processing time for real-time deployment while preserving privacy. In this paper, we designed two decentralized deep learning models using federated learning, the CNN-TFF and the VGG16-TFF. With around 250 training iterations, we achieved a high accuracy rate of up to 90% with a decrease in the loss value for the CIFAR-100 dataset using the VGG16-TFF model while maintaining data privacy using federated learning. © 2023 IEEE.

关键词： Image classification

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A Stretchable Leaky Integrate-and-Fire Neuron Enables Uncertainty Handling in Spiking Neural Networks

IEEE Electron Device Letters

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IEEE Electron Device Letters 2025年第6期46卷 999-1002页

作者： Mao, Linna Ke, Yizhen Su, Hengjie Zhang, Xinyang Sun, Biao Ma, Kaixue Li, Ting Institute of Biomedical Engineering Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Peking Union Medical College Tianjin300192 China University of Houston Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering HoustonTX77005 United States Tianjin University School of Electrical and Information Engineering Tianjin300072 China Tianjin University School of Microelectronics Tianjin300072 China

Flexible neuromorphic computing systems have emerged as a promising candidate for next-generation edge computing systems, especially for the development of lightweight, low-power spiking neural network (SNN) systems. However, the mechanical coupling noise caused by flexible components poses challenges in uncertainty handling during the inference process in SNNs. Herein, we developed a stretchable leaky integrate-and-fire neuron device with enhanced uncertainty handling capabilities for stochastic SNN hardware implementation. These neuron devices utilize strain-induced uncertainty to model neuronal function as a conditional random variable. In addition, the SNN was incorporated in a Bayesian approximation model when the firing patterns exhibit mean stationarity over time steps. Simulations on classification and regression tasks on various datasets performed improved confidence and high generalization capability. The results demonstrate that the stretchable LIF neurons have significant potential for constructing robust and accurate SNNs for flexible neuromorphic computing. © 1980-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Edge computing

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Analysis of Social Media Data Using Deep Learning and NLP Method for potential use as Natural Disaster Management in Indonesia 2

Analysis of Social Media Data Using Deep Learning and NLP Me...

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2nd International Conference on computer System, Information Technology, and electrical engineering, COSITE 2023

作者： Nurdin, Nadhila Kluza, Krzysztof Fitria, Maya Saddami, Khairun Utami, Rika Sri Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Universitas Syiah Kuala Banda Aceh Indonesia Faculty of Electrical Engineering Automatics Computer Science and Biomedical Engineering AGH University of Krakow Krakow Poland

ISBN: (纸本)9798350343069

During the last decade, the use of social media has exploded. One of the internet’s most popular and accessible social media sites is Twitter in which people can have micro-blog to post their views on any subject, called a tweet. Indonesia becomes one of country which has the most active user of social media. On the other side, Indonesia has experienced a great deal of natural disasters because it is located in a pacific ring of fire. It is needed effective disaster management used in Indonesia, especially with the help of social media data. Big data analysis obtained during turbulent and unorganized emergency situations is the perfect fit for effective management. During a disaster, it is vital to manage the proper decision to help people affected with their needs. This research investigated some methods used in social media analysis and then apply deep learning model for supervised tasks which classify the related and unrelated disasters on tweet datasets and Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) for unsupervised learning which extracts the details category on the disaster Twitter data. The LSTM model architecture obtained a higher score accuracy than CNN. Moreover, the LDA topic modeling obtained potential results on the details topic from the datasets which could describe useful information to help disaster management. © 2023 IEEE.

关键词： Disasters

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Finite-volume method and observability analysis for core-shell enhanced single particle model for lithium iron phosphate batteries 63

Finite-volume method and observability analysis for core-she...

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63rd IEEE Conference on Decision and Control, CDC 2024

作者： Xu, Le Fasolato, Simone Onori, Simona Stanford University Energy Science and Engineering Palo Alto United States University of Pavia Department of Electrical Computer and Biomedical Engineering Pavia Italy

ISBN: (纸本)9798350316339

The increasing adoption of Lithium Iron Phosphate (LFP) batteries in Electric Vehicles is driven by their affordability, abundant material supply, and safety advantages. However, challenges arise in controlling/estimating unmeasurable LFP states such as state of charge (SOC), due to its flat open circuit voltage, hysteresis, and path dependence dynamics during intercalation and de-intercalation processes. The Core-Shell Average Enhanced Single Particle Model (CSa-ESPM) effectively captures the electrochemical dynamics and phase transition behavior of LFP batteries by means of Partial Differential-Algebraic Equations (PDAEs). These governing PDAEs, including a moving boundary Ordinary Differential Equation (ODE), require a fine-grained spatial grid for accurate and stable solutions when employing the Finite Difference Method (FDM). This, in turn, leads to a computationally expensive system intractable for the design of real-time battery management system algorithms. In this study, we demonstrate that the Finite Volume Method (FVM) effectively discretizes the CSa-ESPM and provides accurate solutions with fewer than 4 control volumes while ensuring mass conservation across multiple operational cycles. The resulting control-oriented reduced-order FVM-based CSa-ESPM is experimentally validated using various C-rate load profiles and its observability is assessed through nonlinear observability analysis. Our results reveal that different current inputs and discrete equation numbers influence model observability, with non-observable regions identified where solid-phase concentration gradients are negligible. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Finite volume method

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Intelligent ADHD Detection Using Explainable Multimodal Fusion Model 4

Intelligent ADHD Detection Using Explainable Multimodal Fusi...

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4th IEEE International Conference on Information Technology, Big Data and Artificial Intelligence, ICIBA 2024

作者： Tsai, Ho-Jung Wu, Hsiao-Kuang Chen, Chun-Chuan Yeh, Chen-Hsin Chu, Tzu-Yueh Yeh, Shih-Ching National Central University Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering Taiwan National Central University Department of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering Taiwan Hunan University College of Computer Science and Electrical Engineering China

ISBN: (纸本)9798350363586

Deep learning has been proved to diagnose Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) accurately, but it has raised concerns about trustworthiness because of the lack of explainability. Fortunately, the development of explainable artificial intelligence (XAI) offers a solution to this problem. In this study, we employed a VR-based GO/NOGO task with distractions, capturing participants' eye movement, head movement, and electroencephalography (EEG) data. We used the collected data to train an explainable multimodal fusion model. Besides classifying between ADHD and normal children, the proposed model also generates explanation heatmaps. The heatmaps provide the importance of specific variables and timestamps in the EEG data to help us analyze the patterns captured by the model. According to our observations, the model identified specific time intervals that related to specific event-related potentials (ERPs) components. The heatmaps also demonstrate that the impacts of distractions vary between not only the GO and NOGO events but also ADHD and normal children. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Eye movements

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Feedforward Regulation of Interneuronal Communication 63

Feedforward Regulation of Interneuronal Communication

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63rd IEEE Conference on Decision and Control, CDC 2024

作者： Gambrell, Oliver Vahdat, Zahra Singh, Abhyudai University of Delaware Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering NewarkDE19716 United States University of Delaware Biomedical Engineering Mathematical Sciences Center for Bioinformatics and Computational Biology Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering NewarkDE19716 United States

ISBN: (纸本)9798350316339

We formulate a mechanistic model capturing the dynamics of neurotransmitter release in a chemical synapse. The proposed modeling framework captures key aspects such as the random arrival of action potentials (AP) in the presynaptic (input) neuron, probabilistic docking and release of neurotransmitter-filled vesicles, and clearance of the released neurotransmitter from the synaptic cleft. Analysis of the model results in analytical expressions for the statistical moments of docked vesicle count and the number of neurotransmitters in the cleft as a function of model parameters, and the frequency of presynaptic APs. We next consider a postsynaptic (output) neuron that fires an AP based on integrating upstream neurotransmitter activity. Our results show the existence of an optimal presynaptic AP frequency that maximizes the probability of a postsynaptic AP firing. We extend these results to consider feedforward regulation where in addition to a direct excitatory synapse, the input neuron also impacts the output indirectly via an inhibitory interneuron, and identify parameter regimes where the feedforward neuronal networks result in band-pass filtering, i.e., the output neuron frequency is maximized at intermediate input neuron frequencies. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Feedforward neural networks

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Exploring Biological Features of Electroencephalography Signals for Explanation-Guided Learning

Exploring Biological Features of Electroencephalography Sign...

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2024 International Conference on Electronics, Information, and Communication, ICEIC 2024

作者： Joo, Hyosung Kim, Dongseok Trang, Le Thi Quan, Luong Do Anh Woo, Jihwan University of Ulsan Department of Electrical Electronic and Computer Engineering Ulsan Korea Republic of University of Ulsan Department of Biomedical Engineering Ulsan Korea Republic of

ISBN: (纸本)9798350371888

Explanation-guided learning (EGL) has gained prominence for improving both the explainability and performance of deep neural networks by integrating additional supervision signals based on the elucidation of the model. However, its applicability in analyzing electroencephalography (EEG) signals remains underexplored. This study attempted to identify and evaluate biological features for EGL-based EEG analysis using compact convolutional neural networks. The identified features included anatomical location, dipolarity, relative peak power, and event-related desynchronization of the cortical source. The feasibility of the features was evaluated with performance prediction tests, which predict model performance based on the interpreted features. All features except dipolarity possessed a significant relationship with model performance. These findings indicate the possibility of utilizing these features as biological supervision signals in future EGL-based EEG analysis. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Electroencephalography

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Lecture Hall Monitoring System using Access Control Mechanism at the University of Ghana 9

Lecture Hall Monitoring System using Access Control Mechanis...

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9th IEEE International Conference on Adaptive Science and Technology, ICAST 2024

作者： Adjaye, Aboagye Isaac Abdul-Kadir, Napari Kelly, Norman Michael, Amui Longdon, Sowah Nii Percy, Okae Alidu, Abubakari Kan-Dapaah, Kwabena University of Ghana Department of Computer Engineering Ghana Academic City University College Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Ghana University of Ghana Department of Biomedical Engineering Ghana

ISBN: (纸本)9798350385403

In an era where technology is evolving rapidly, there is a need to efficiently secure access control systems within educational institutions and office environments. Access control systems are crucial in ensuring the security and legal access to physical and digital resources. In this research, a system was designed and implemented to monitor the lecture hall and office environment within the School of engineering Sciences, University of Ghana. The system integrated multiple layers of access controls, including biometric fingerprint recognition, Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) card authentication, and personal identification number (PIN). A database was generated to identify people who use the facilities. This provided a robust and user-friendly hybrid system. The system leverages modern database technologies to record and manage access, enabling real-time monitoring of lecture halls and office spaces. Moreover, it offers a user-friendly interface for administrators, lecturers, lab attendants, and other users. The database generated could also be used to check class attendance. The results demonstrate significant improvements in security, attendance tracking, and overall access management efficiency in the School of engineering Sciences. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Radio frequency identification (RFID)

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Quantifying statistics of gene product copy-number fluctuations: A stochastic hybrid systems approach 63

Quantifying statistics of gene product copy-number fluctuati...

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63rd IEEE Conference on Decision and Control, CDC 2024

作者： Vahdat, Zahra Singh, Abhyudai University of Delaware Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering NewarkDE19716 United States University of Delaware Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Biomedical Engineering Mathematical Sciences Center for Bioinformatics and Computational Biology NewarkDE19716 United States

ISBN: (纸本)9798350316339

Across diverse cell types, genes are often expressed at low levels resulting in significant stochastic fluctuations (noise) in intracellular copy number of mRNAs and proteins over time. Motivated by single-cell experiments, we capture this stochasticity by considering a given gene that toggles between transcriptionally active and inactive states with the time spent in each state being an arbitrary random variable. mRNAs are synthesized from the active state as per a Poisson process and each molecule degrades after a random lifespan (i.e., random time from birth to death). Modeling this process using the Stochastic Hybrid System (SHS) formalism we derive exact analytical results for the statistical moments of molecular counts. Our results show that for fixed mean mRNA numbers, fluctuations in mRNA levels are amplified with decreasing noise in mRNA lifespan. Relaxing the Poisson process assumption, we next consider a scenario where transcription events occur such that the time between successive events is an arbitrarily distributed random variable. In this case, we show that decreasing noise in mRNA lifespan can both increase/decrease mRNA count fluctuations depending on the underlying transcriptional process. Finally, we extend these results to the protein level, where increasing noise in mRNA counts is sometimes associated with decreasing noise in protein copy numbers. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Stochastic systems

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