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Optical Interactions with Tissue and Cells XXXVI 2025

作者： Arroyo, Junior Zhang, Jiaxin Bell, Muyinatu A. Lediju Johns Hopkins University Department of Biomedical Engineering BaltimoreMD United States Johns Hopkins University Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering BaltimoreMD United States Johns Hopkins University Department of Computer Science BaltimoreMD United States

ISBN: (纸本)9781510683822

Photoacoustic imaging has promising potential to be integrated into surgical guidance systems. However, this integration can potentially be limited by biosafety concerns. While laser safety guidelines exist for skin, corneal, and retinal tissue, there are no guidelines for liver tissue. We introduced the first known numerical simulation approach to determine laser safety for liver tissue and present a novel microscopy analysis framework to validate performance. Our innovative approach integrates Monte Carlo simulations of laser-tissue interaction followed by COMSOL modeling for necrosis prediction. These predictions are demonstrated with pulsed laser exposure using 30 mJ and 73 mJ laser energies with an optical wavelength of 750 nm administered for exposure durations of 1, 10, and 20 minutes. Empirical validations were performed with necrosis values quantified from immunohistochemical sections of swine liver exposed to the same laser conditions in vivo. These necrosis predictions deviated from quantitative histological results by 0.01% to 8.1%. The presented approach provides a promising alternative to traditional, time-intensive experimental methods to otherwise determine laser safety guidelines, which is expected to translate to multiple tissues and laser properties. © 2025 SPIE.

关键词： Laser safety

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Pan-Tompkins++: A Robust Approach to Detect R-peaks in ECG Signals

Pan-Tompkins++: A Robust Approach to Detect R-peaks in ECG S...

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2022 IEEE International Conference on Bioinformatics and Biomedicine, BIBM 2022

作者： Imtiaz, Md Niaz Khan, Naimul Toronto Metropolitan University Electrical Computer and Biomedical Engineering Toronto Canada

ISBN: (纸本)9781665468190

R-peak detection is crucial in electrocardiogram (ECG) signal processing as it is the basis of heart rate variability analysis. The Pan-Tompkins algorithm is the most widely used QRS complex detector for the monitoring of many cardiac diseases including arrhythmia detection. However, the performance of the Pan-Tompkins algorithm in detecting the QRS complexes degrades in low-quality and noisy signals. This article introduces Pan-Tompkins++, an improved Pan-Tompkins algorithm. A bandpass filter with a passband of 5-18 Hz followed by an N-point moving average filter has been applied to remove the noise without discarding the significant signal components. Pan-Tompkins++ uses three thresholds to distinguish between R-peaks and noise peaks. Rather than using a generalized equation, different rules are applied to adjust the thresholds based on the pattern of the signal for the accurate detection of R-peaks under significant changes in signal pattern. The proposed algorithm reduces the False Positive and False Negative detections, and hence improves the robustness and performance of Pan-Tompkins algorithm. Pan-Tompkins++ has been tested on four open source datasets. The experimental results show noticeable improvement for both R-peak detection and execution time. We achieve 2.8% and 1.8% reduction in FP and FN, respectively, and 2.2% increase in F-score on average across four datasets, with 33% reduction in execution time. We show specific examples to demonstrate that in situations w here the Pan-Tompkins algorithm fails to identify R-peaks, the proposed algorithm is found to be effective. The results have also been contrasted with other well-known R-peak detection algorithms. © 2022 IEEE.

关键词： Electrocardiograms

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Bioactive superparamagnetic iron oxide-gold nanoparticles regulated by a dynamic magnetic field induce neuronal Ca^(2+)influx and differentiation

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Bioactive Materials 2023年第8期26卷 478-489页

作者： Elias Georgas Muzhaozi Yuan Jingfan Chen Ya Wang Yi-Xian Qin Department of Biomedical Engineering The State University of New York at Stony BrookStony BrookNYUnited States J.Mike Walker’66 Department of Mechanical Engineering Texas A&M UniversityCollege StationTXUnited States Department of Biomedical Engineering Texas A&M UniversityCollege StationTXUnited States Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Texas A&M UniversityCollege StationTXUnited States

Treating neurodegenerative diseases,e.g.,Alzheimer’s Disease,remains a significant challenge due to the limited neuroregeneration rate in the *** objective of this study is to evaluate the hypothesis that external magnetic field(MF)stimulation of nerve growth factor functionalized superparamagnetic iron oxide-gold(NGF-SPIO-Au)nanoparticles(NPs)can induce Ca^(2+)influx,membrane depolarization,and enhance neuron differentiation with dynamic MF(DMF)outperforming static MF(SMF)*** showed the that total intracellular Ca^(2+)influx of PC-12 cells was improved by 300%and 535%by the stimulation of DMF(1 Hz,0.5 T,30min)with NGF-SPIO-Au NPs compared to DMF alone and SMF with NGF-SPIO-Au NPs,respectively,which was attributed to successive membrane *** uptake performed with the application of sodium azide proved that DMF enhanced cellular uptake of NGF-SPIO-Au NPs via *** addition,DMF upregulated both the neural differentiation marker(β3-tubulin)and the cell adhesive molecule(integrin-β1)with the existence of NGF-SPIO-Au NPs,while SMF did not show these *** results imply that noninvasive DMF-stimulated NPs can regulate intracellular Ca^(2+)influx and enhance neuron differentiation and neuroregeneration rate.

关键词： Calcium influx Membrane potential Dynamic magnetic fields Neuroregeneration SPIO-Au Core-shell nanoparticles

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Analysis of a Broadband Metamaterial Absorber at Terahertz Frequencies 6

Analysis of a Broadband Metamaterial Absorber at Terahertz F...

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6th International Conference on electrical Information and Communication Technology, EICT 2023

作者： Jyoti, Oishi Sarkar, Pritu Parna Habib, Md. Samiul Rajshahi University of Engineering & Technology Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering Rajshahi Bangladesh University of Texas Rio Grande Valley Department of Bioengineering & Biomedical Engineering EdinburgTX United States Rajshahi University of Engineering & Technology Department of Electrical & Electronic Engineering Rajshahi Bangladesh

ISBN: (纸本)9798350370836

In this paper, we present a vanadium dioxide (VO2) based metamaterial absorber at terahertz (THz) frequencies, achieving near unity absorption from 3.5 THz to 5 THz through full vector numerical simulation which refers to a computational method that considers complete vector nature of electromagnetic fields in three dimensions. Our proposed absorber is based on a single layered elliptic shaped ring resonator, which provides more design freedom than the existing absorbers and is easier to fabricate. Our numerical simulations show that modifying the conductivity of VO2 significantly enhances the absorption peak, and reaches near-perfect absorption when the conductivity of VO2 reaches the metallic phase. We illustrate that for a specific conductivity of the metal layer, the absorption peak of the absorber can be controlled by adjusting the width of the ring, the ellipticity of the ring, and the thickness of the dielectric. We also explain the physical mechanism and origin of broadband absorption through impedance matching theory. We believe that our proposed absorber may find applications in sensing and imaging technology. © 2023 IEEE.

关键词： Vanadium dioxide

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A Model-Based Approach for Improving Reinforcement Learning Efficiency Leveraging Expert Observations 63

A Model-Based Approach for Improving Reinforcement Learning ...

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63rd IEEE Conference on Decision and Control, CDC 2024

作者： Ozcan, Erhan Can Giammarino, Vittorio Queeney, James Paschalidis, Ioannis Ch. Boston University Division of Systems Engineering BostonMA02215 United States CambridgeMA02139 United States Boston University Division of Systems Engineering Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Department of Biomedical Engineering BostonMA02215 United States

ISBN: (纸本)9798350316339

This paper investigates how to incorporate expert observations (without explicit information on expert actions) into a deep reinforcement learning setting to improve sample efficiency. First, we formulate an augmented policy loss combining a maximum entropy reinforcement learning objective with a behavioral cloning loss that leverages a forward dynamics model. Then, we propose an algorithm that automatically adjusts the weights of each component in the augmented loss function. Experiments on a variety of continuous control tasks demonstrate that the proposed algorithm outperforms various benchmarks by effectively utilizing available expert observations. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Deep reinforcement learning

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A Novel Investigation on Multi-Sensor Signal Signatures for Induction Motors Diagnostics

A Novel Investigation on Multi-Sensor Signal Signatures for ...

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2022 International Conference on electrical Machines, ICEM 2022

作者： Minervini, Marcello Frosini, Lucia Mantione, Lorenzo University of Pavia Computer and Biomedical Engineering Department of Electrical Pavia Italy

ISBN: (数字)9781665414326

ISBN: (纸本)9781665414326

Multi-sensor diagnostics for induction motors can provide numerous signal signatures. In this work, novel diagnostic signatures in the time and frequency domain are shown, for the first time, in stray flux, stator current and vibration. The time domain envelope of the stray flux can give information on the slip of the machine. Moreover, new observations on the waveform are highlighted to describe peculiar features of the stray flux. A study on the phase shift of the electromagnetic signals in different load conditions is presented for both healthy and faulty machine with localized bearing defect. The phase-shift between the current and the radial and axial stray flux changes, demonstrating that the radial flux contains information more similar to the current. Vibration harmonics at frequencies below the rotational one are observed with faulty bearing and new signatures are proposed. © 2022 IEEE.

关键词： Frequency domain analysis

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Filtering Trans-Impedance Amplifiers: from mW of Power to GHz of Bandwidth 43

Filtering Trans-Impedance Amplifiers: from mW of Power to GH...

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43rd Annual IEEE Custom Integrated Circuits Conference, CICC 2022

作者： Miral, Nimesh Nadishka Sohal, Karan Manstretta, Danilo Castello, Rinaldo University of Pavia Department of Electrical Computer and Biomedical Engineering Pavia Italy

Trans-impedance amplifiers (TIAs) are used as building blocks in many applications: from wireless transceivers to qubit manipulation and readout in quantum computing [1] or as amplifying circuits in fiber optics recei... 详细信息

ISBN: (纸本)9781665407564

关键词： Quantum computers

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Bi-modal tissue-mimicking breast phantoms: comparison between the performance of agar- and gelatin-based phantoms 3

Bi-modal tissue-mimicking breast phantoms: comparison betwee...

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3rd URSI Atlantic and Asia Pacific Radio Science Meeting, AT-AP-RASC 2022

作者： Di Meo, Simona Cannata, Alessia MacChello, Chiara Morganti, Simone Pasian, Marco Matrone, Giulia University of Pavia Department of Electrical Computer and Biomedical Engineering Pavia Italy

ISBN: (纸本)9789463968058

Tissue-mimicking phantoms represent a key point for the development of biomedical systems for diagnostic imaging. In this paper, new recipes for tissue-mimicking breast phantoms are proposed and tested, both dielectrically and mechanically. Phantoms mimicking human breast neoplastic tissues are considered, as they are anatomically stiffer than the surrounding healthy tissues. In our recipes, only cheap, easy-to-manage and safe components are involved, and the performance of two solidifying agents (i.e., gelatin and agar) are evaluated both from a dielectric and a mechanical point of view. Dielectric measurements are performed from 500 MHz to 40 GHz, and mechanical tests are performed with the unconfined compression approach, using a preload of 0.2 N and a test speed of 0.5 mm/min. This analysis shows that agar is more suitable for the fabrication of stiffer phantoms as compared to gelatin. © 2022 URSI.

关键词： Phantoms

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Evaluation of Different Magnet Materials and Skewed Geometries for IPMSM at High Speed

Evaluation of Different Magnet Materials and Skewed Geometri...

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2022 International Conference on electrical Machines, ICEM 2022

作者： Mantione, Lorenzo Frosini, Lucia Minervini, Marcello University of Pavia Computer and Biomedical Engineering Department of Electrical Pavia Italy

ISBN: (数字)9781665414326

ISBN: (纸本)9781665414326

In this paper, an investigation on various permanent magnet materials and rotor geometries for Interior Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors is presented, to achieve optimal performance both at base speed and in a wide flux-weakening region. The research starts from the updated state of the art, which suggests single V-shape magnets, to obtain a good compromise between performance and industrial interest, and rotor step-skewing. To design, analyze and compare several rotor topologies, two software (FluxMotor and Flux2D) have been used. The results highlight that less performing magnet materials are not convenient, due to the need of greater mass of material to reach the same performance, while a simple three steps skewing, combined with the best choice of rotor geometry, provides a strong reduction of torque ripple, which remains low up to 8000 rpm. © 2022 IEEE.

关键词： Finite element method

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EEG2Text: Open Vocabulary EEG-to-Text Translation with Multi-View Transformer

EEG2Text: Open Vocabulary EEG-to-Text Translation with Multi...

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2024 IEEE International Conference on Big Data, BigData 2024

作者： Liu, Hanwen Hajialigol, Daniel Antony, Benny Han, Aiguo Wang, Xuan Virginia Tech Department of Computer Science BlacksburgVA United States Virginia Tech Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering BlacksburgVA United States Virginia Tech Department of Biomedical Engineering and Mechanics BlacksburgVA United States

ISBN: (纸本)9798350362480

Deciphering the intricacies of the human brain has captivated curiosity for centuries. Recent strides in Brain-computer Interface (BCI) technology, particularly using motor imagery, have restored motor functions such as reaching, grasping, and walking in paralyzed individuals. However, unraveling natural language from brain signals remains a formidable challenge. Electroencephalography (EEG) is a non-invasive technique used to record electrical activity in the brain by placing electrodes on the scalp. Previous studies of EEG-to-text decoding have achieved high accuracy on small closed vocabularies, but still fall short of high accuracy when dealing with large open vocabularies. We propose a novel method, EEG2Text, to improve the accuracy of open vocabulary EEG-to-text decoding. Specifically, EEG2Text leverages EEG pre-training to enhance the learning of semantics from EEG signals and proposes a multi-view transformer to model the EEG signal processing by different t spatial regions of the brain. Experiments show that EEG2Text has superior performance, outperforming the state-of-the-art baseline methods by a large margin of up to 5% in absolute BLEU and ROUGE scores. EEG2Text shows great potential for a high-performance open-vocabulary brain-to-text system to facilitate communication. Our code is available at: https://***/ForeverNightmare/EEG2Text. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Electroencephalography

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