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2024 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing, EMNLP 2024

作者： Pfrommer, Samuel Bai, Yatong Gautam, Tanmay Sojoudi, Somayeh Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences UC Berkeley United States

ISBN: (纸本)9798891761643

Major search engine providers are rapidly incorporating Large Language Model (LLM)generated content in response to user queries. These conversational search engines operate by loading retrieved website text into the LLM context for summarization and interpretation. Recent research demonstrates that LLMs are highly vulnerable to jailbreaking and prompt injection attacks, which disrupt the safety and quality goals of LLMs using adversarial strings. This work investigates the impact of prompt injections on the ranking order of sources referenced by conversational search engines. To this end, we introduce a focused dataset of real-world consumer product websites and formalize conversational search ranking as an adversarial problem. Experimentally, we analyze conversational search rankings in the absence of adversarial injections and show that different LLMs vary significantly in prioritizing product name, document content, and context position. We then present a tree-of-attacks-based jailbreaking technique which reliably promotes low-ranked products. Importantly, these attacks transfer effectively to state-of-the-art conversational search engines such as ***. Given the strong financial incentive for website owners to boost their search ranking, we argue that our problem formulation is of critical importance for future robustness work. © 2024 Association for Computational Linguistics.

关键词： Network security

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Uncertainty-Aware DRL for Autonomous Vehicle Crowd Navigation in Shared Space

IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Vehicles

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IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Vehicles 2024年 1-15页

作者： Golchoubian, Mahsa Ghafurian, Moojan Dautenhahn, Kerstin Azad, Nasser Lashgarian Department of Systems Design Engineering University of Waterloo Canada Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Waterloo Canada

Safe, socially compliant, and efficient navigation of low-speed autonomous vehicles (AVs) in pedestrian-rich environments necessitates considering pedestrians' future positions and interactions with the vehicle and others. Despite the inevitable uncertainties associated with pedestrians' predicted trajectories due to their unobserved states (e.g., intent), existing deep reinforcement learning (DRL) algorithms for crowd navigation often neglect these uncertainties when using predicted trajectories to guide policy learning. This omission limits the usability of predictions when diverging from ground truth. This work introduces an integrated prediction and planning approach that incorporates the uncertainties of predicted pedestrian states in the training of a model-free DRL algorithm. A novel reward function encourages the AV to respect pedestrians' personal space, decrease speed during close approaches, and minimize the collision probability with their predicted paths. Unlike previous DRL methods, our model, designed for AV operation in crowded spaces, is trained in a novel simulation environment that reflects realistic pedestrian behaviour in a shared space with vehicles. Results show a 40% decrease in collision rate and a 15% increase in minimum distance to pedestrians compared to the state of the art model that does not account for prediction uncertainty. Additionally, the approach outperforms model predictive control methods that incorporate the same prediction uncertainties in terms of both performance and computational time, while producing trajectories closer to human drivers in similar scenarios. IEEE

关键词： Trajectories

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Adversarial attacks and defenses for digital communication signals identification

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Digital Communications and Networks 2024年第3期10卷 756-764页

作者： Qiao Tian Sicheng Zhang Shiwen Mao Yun Lin College of Computer Science and Technology Harbin Engineering UniversityHarbin150001China College of Information and Communication Engineering Harbin Engineering UniversityHarbin150000China Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Auburn UniversityAuburnAL36849USA

As modern communication technology advances apace,the digital communication signals identification plays an important role in cognitive radio networks,the communication monitoring and management *** has become a promising solution to this problem due to its powerful modeling capability,which has become a consensus in academia and ***,because of the data-dependence and inexplicability of AI models and the openness of electromagnetic space,the physical layer digital communication signals identification model is threatened by adversarial *** examples pose a common threat to AI models,where well-designed and slight perturbations added to input data can cause wrong ***,the security of AI models for the digital communication signals identification is the premise of its efficient and credible *** this paper,we first launch adversarial attacks on the end-to-end AI model for automatic modulation classifi-cation,and then we explain and present three defense mechanisms based on the adversarial *** we present more detailed adversarial indicators to evaluate attack and defense ***,a demonstration verification system is developed to show that the adversarial attack is a real threat to the digital communication signals identification model,which should be paid more attention in future research.

关键词： Digital communication signals identification AI model Adversarial attacks Adversarial defenses Adversarial indicators

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A Fuzzy Multi-Objective Framework for Energy Optimization and Reliable Routing in Wireless Sensor Networks via Particle Swarm Optimization

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computers, Materials & Continua 2025年第5期83卷 2773-2792页

作者： Medhat A.Tawfeek Ibrahim Alrashdi Madallah Alruwaili Fatma M.Talaat Department of Computer Science College of Computer and Information SciencesJouf UniversitySakaka72341AljoufSaudi Arabia Department of Computer Engineering and Networks College of Computer and Information SciencesJouf UniversitySakaka72341AljoufSaudi Arabia Faculty of Artificial Intelligence Kafrelsheikh UniversityKafrelsheikh33516Egypt Faculty of Computer Science&Engineering New Mansoura UniversityGamasa35712Egypt

Wireless Sensor Networks(WSNs)are one of the best technologies of the 21st century and have seen tremendous growth over the past *** work has been put into its development in various aspects such as architectural attention,routing protocols,location exploration,time exploration,*** research aims to optimize routing protocols and address the challenges arising from conflicting objectives in WSN environments,such as balancing energy consumption,ensuring routing reliability,distributing network load,and selecting the shortest *** optimization techniques have shown success in achieving one or two objectives but struggle to achieve the right balance between multiple conflicting *** address this gap,this paper proposes an innovative approach that integrates Particle Swarm Optimization(PSO)with a fuzzy multi-objective *** proposed method uses fuzzy logic to effectively control multiple competing objectives to represent its major development beyond existing methods that only deal with one or two *** search efficiency is improved by particle swarm optimization(PSO)which overcomes the large computational requirements that serve as a major drawback of existing *** PSO algorithm is adapted for WSNs to optimize routing paths based on fuzzy multi-objective *** fuzzy logic framework uses predefined membership functions and rule-based reasoning to adjust routing *** adjustments influence PSO’s velocity updates,ensuring continuous adaptation under varying network *** proposed multi-objective PSO-fuzzy model is evaluated using NS-3 *** results show that the proposed model is capable of improving the network lifetime by 15.2%–22.4%,increasing the stabilization time by 18.7%–25.5%,and increasing the residual energy by 8.9%–16.2% compared to the state-of-the-art *** proposed model also achieves a 15%–24% reduction in load variance,demonstrating balanced routing and extended net

关键词： Wireless sensor networks particle swarm optimization fuzzy multi-objective framework routing stability

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Fuzzy clustering for electric field characterization and its application to thunderstorm interpretability

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Digital Communications and Networks 2025年第2期11卷 299-307页

作者： Xu Yang Hongyan Xing Xinyuan Ji Wei Xu Witold Pedrycz School of Electronics and Information Engineering Nanjing University of Information Science and TechnologyNanjing 210044China Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of AlbertaEdmonton AB T6G 2R3Canada Systems Research Institute Polish Academy of Sciences00-901 WarsawPoland Department of Computer Engineering Faculty of Engineering and Natural SciencesIstinye University34010 IstanbulTurkey

Changes in the Atmospheric Electric Field Signal(AEFS)are highly correlated with weather changes,especially with thunderstorm ***,little attention has been paid to the ambiguous weather information implicit in AEFS *** this paper,a Fuzzy C-Means(FCM)clustering method is used for the first time to develop an innovative approach to characterize the weather attributes carried by ***,a time series dataset is created in the time domain using AEFS *** AEFS-based weather is evaluated according to the time-series Membership Degree(MD)changes obtained by inputting this dataset into the ***,thunderstorm intensities are reflected by the change in distance from a thunderstorm cloud point charge to an AEF ***,a matching relationship is established between the normalized distance and the thunderstorm dominant MD in the space ***,the rationality and reliability of the proposed method are verified by combining radar charts and expert *** results confirm that this method accurately characterizes the weather attributes and changes in the AEFS,and a negative distance-MD correlation is obtained for the first *** detection of thunderstorm activity by AEF from the perspective of fuzzy set technology provides a meaningful guidance for interpretable thunderstorms.

关键词： Atmospheric electric field(AEF) Thunderstorm Fuzzy C-means(FCM) Attribute

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Multi-Model Fusion Framework Using Deep Learning for Visual-Textual Sentiment Classification

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computers, Materials & Continua 2023年第8期76卷 2145-2177页

作者： Israa K.Salman Al-Tameemi Mohammad-Reza Feizi-Derakhshi Saeed Pashazadeh Mohammad Asadpour Computerized Intelligence Systems Laboratory Department of Computer EngineeringFaculty of Electrical and Computer EngineeringUniversity of TabrizTabriz51368Iran Department of Computer Engineering Faculty of Electrical and Computer EngineeringUniversity of TabrizTabriz51368Iran State Company for Engineering Rehabilitation and Testing Iraqi Ministry of Industry and MineralsBaghdad10011Iraq

Multimodal Sentiment Analysis(SA)is gaining popularity due to its broad application *** existing studies have focused on the SA of single modalities,such as texts or photos,posing challenges in effectively handling social media data with multiple ***,most multimodal research has concentrated on merely combining the two modalities rather than exploring their complex correlations,leading to unsatisfactory sentiment classification *** by this,we propose a new visualtextual sentiment classification model named Multi-Model Fusion(MMF),which uses a mixed fusion framework for SA to effectively capture the essential information and the intrinsic relationship between the visual and textual *** proposed model comprises three deep neural *** different neural networks are proposed to extract the most emotionally relevant aspects of image and text ***,more discriminative features are gathered for accurate sentiment ***,a multichannel joint fusion modelwith a self-attention technique is proposed to exploit the intrinsic correlation between visual and textual characteristics and obtain emotionally rich information for joint sentiment ***,the results of the three classifiers are integrated using a decision fusion scheme to improve the robustness and generalizability of the proposed *** interpretable visual-textual sentiment classification model is further developed using the Local Interpretable Model-agnostic Explanation model(LIME)to ensure the model’s explainability and *** proposed MMF model has been tested on four real-world sentiment datasets,achieving(99.78%)accuracy on Binary_Getty(BG),(99.12%)on Binary_iStock(BIS),(95.70%)on Twitter,and(79.06%)on the Multi-View Sentiment Analysis(MVSA)*** results demonstrate the superior performance of our MMF model compared to single-model approaches and current state-of-the-art techniques based on model evaluation cr

关键词： Sentiment analysis multimodal classification deep learning joint fusion decision fusion interpretability

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A Novel Optimized Deep Convolutional Neural Network for Efficient Seizure Stage Classification

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computers, Materials & Continua 2024年第12期81卷 3903-3926页

作者： Umapathi Krishnamoorthy Shanmugam Jagan Mohammed Zakariah Abdulaziz S.Almazyad K.Gurunathan Department of Biomedical Engineering KIT-Kalaignarkarunanidhi Institute of TechnologyCoimbatore641402India Department of Computer Sciences and Engineering Vel Tech Rangarajan Dr.Sagunthala R&D Institute of Science and TechnologyChennai600062India Department of Computer Sciences and Engineering College of Applied ScienceKing Saud UniversityRiyadh11543Saudi Arabia Department of Computer Engineering College of Computer and Information SciencesKing Saud UniversityRiyadh11543Saudi Arabia Department of Computer Science and Engineering Mount Zion College of Engineering and TechnologyPudukkottai622507India

Brain signal analysis from electroencephalogram(EEG)recordings is the gold standard for diagnosing various neural disorders especially epileptic *** signals are highly chaotic compared to normal brain signals and thus can be identified from EEG *** the current seizure detection and classification landscape,most models primarily focus on binary classification—distinguishing between seizure and non-seizure *** effective for basic detection,these models fail to address the nuanced stages of seizures and the intervals between *** identification of per-seizure or interictal stages and the timing between seizures is crucial for an effective seizure alert *** granularity is essential for improving patient-specific interventions and developing proactive seizure management *** study addresses this gap by proposing a novel AI-based approach for seizure stage classification using a Deep Convolutional Neural Network(DCNN).The developed model goes beyond traditional binary classification by categorizing EEG recordings into three distinct classes,thus providing a more detailed analysis of seizure *** enhance the model’s performance,we have optimized the DCNN using two advanced techniques:the Stochastic Gradient Algorithm(SGA)and the evolutionary Genetic Algorithm(GA).These optimization strategies are designed to fine-tune the model’s accuracy and ***,k-fold cross-validation ensures the model’s reliability and generalizability across different data *** and validated on the Bonn EEG data sets,the proposed optimized DCNN model achieved a test accuracy of 93.2%,demonstrating its ability to accurately classify EEG *** summary,the key advancement of the present research lies in addressing the limitations of existing models by providing a more detailed seizure classification system,thus potentially enhancing the effectiveness of real-time seizure prediction and management systems in clinic

关键词： Bonn EEG dataset cross-validation genetic algorithm batch normalization seizure classification stochastic gradient

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High-rate metal-free MXene microsupercapacitors on paper substrates

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Carbon Energy 2024年第5期6卷 94-104页

作者： Han Xue Po‐Han Huang Lee‐Lun Lai Yingchun Su Axel Strömberg Gaolong Cao Yuzhu Fan Sergiy Khartsev Mats Göthelid Yan‐Ting Sun Jonas Weissenrieder Kristinn BGylfason Frank Niklaus Jiantong Li School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science KTH Royal Institute of TechnologyStockholmSweden School of Engineering Sciences KTH Royal Institute of TechnologyStockholmSweden

MXene is a promising energy storage material for miniaturized microbatteries and microsupercapacitors(MSCs).Despite its superior electrochemical performance,only a few studies have reported MXene-based ultrahigh-rate(>1000 mV s^(−1))on-paper MSCs,mainly due to the reduced electrical conductance of MXene films deposited on ***,ultrahigh-rate metal-free on-paper MSCs based on heterogeneous MXene/poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-poly(styrenesulfonate)(PEDOT:PSS)-stack electrodes are fabricated through the combination of direct ink writing and femtosecond laser *** a footprint area of only 20 mm^(2),the on-paper MSCs exhibit excellent high-rate capacitive behavior with an areal capacitance of 5.7 mF cm^(−2)and long cycle life(>95%capacitance retention after 10,000 cycles)at a high scan rate of 1000 mV s^(−1),outperforming most of the present on-paper ***,the heterogeneous MXene/PEDOT:PSS electrodes can interconnect individual MSCs into metal-free on-paper MSC arrays,which can also be simultaneously charged/discharged at 1000 mV s^(−1),showing scalable capacitive *** heterogeneous MXene/PEDOT:PSS stacks are a promising electrode structure for on-paper MSCs to serve as ultrafast miniaturized energy storage components for emerging paper electronics.

关键词： direct ink writing femtosecond laser scribing MXene on-paper microsupercapacitors PEDOT:PSS ultrahigh rate capability

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Low-profile,low sidelobe array antenna with ultrawide beam coverage for UAV communication

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Chinese Journal of Aeronautics 2025年第1期38卷 444-454页

作者： Mei LI Zhiliang SHANG Lin PU Ming-Chun TANG Lei ZHU School of Microelectronics and Communication Engineering Chongqing UniversityChongqing 400044China Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of MacaoMacao SAR 999078China

This paper presents a design method to implement an antenna array characterized by ultra-wide beam coverage,low profile,and low Sidelobe Level(SLL)for the application of Unmanned Aerial Vehicle(UAV)air-to-ground *** array consists of ten broadside-radiating,ultrawide-beamwidth elements that are cascaded by a central-symmetry series-fed network with tapered currents following Dolph-Chebyshev distribution to provide low ***,an innovative design of end-fire Huygens source antenna that is compatible with metal ground is presented.A low-profile,half-mode Microstrip Patch Antenna(MPA)is utilized to serve as the magnetic dipole and a monopole is utilized to serves as the electric dipole,constructing the compact,end-fire,grounded Huygens source ***,two opposite-oriented end-fire Huygens source antennas are seamlessly integrated into a single antenna element in the form of monopole-loaded MPA to accomplish the ultrawide,broadside-radiating *** consideration has been applied into the design of series-fed network as well as antenna element to compensate the adverse coupling effects between elements on the radiation *** indicates an ultrawide Half-Power Beamwidth(HPBW)of 161°and a low SLL of-25 dB with a high gain of 12 d Bi under a single-layer *** concurrent ultrawide beamwidth and low SLL make it particularly attractive for applications of UAV air-to-ground communication.

关键词： Array antenna Broad beam Fan beam Low sidelobe level Chebyshev synthesis UAV communication

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Distributed Energy Bank Optimization Towards Outage Aware Sustainable Cellular Networks

IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Computing

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IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Computing 2024年第3期10卷 503-514页

作者： Balakrishnan, Ashutosh De, Swades Wang, Li-Chun Delhi Department of Electrical Engineering New Delhi India IIT Delhi Department of Electrical Engineering Bharti School of Telecommunication New Delhi India Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Taiwan

Grid connected and solar powered base stations (BSs) acting as distributed energy sources are increasingly becoming a popular solution to mobile operators. These networks experience double stochasticity due to the space-time variations in energy harvest and BS traffic. Hence, accurate and efficient green energy outage estimation in such networks is a challenging task. In this work, we propose a complutationally efficient cooperative energy transfer based distributed energy bank strategy to alleviate green energy outage and design energy sustainable networks. We first develop low-complexity Markovian frameworks to estimate green energy outage in a standalone BS without energy cooperation (WEC) and a multi-BS energy-cooperative (EC) setting, respectively. For the WEC system, we present a computationally efficient three-state discrete time Markovian statistical model, while the multi-BS EC framework is characterized by a two-state Markov model. The energy outage is studied as a function of capital expenditure (CAPEX), manifesting engineering insights from a service provider's perspective. Subsequently for the EC framework, we formulate a CAPEX optimization problem by jointly optimizing the BS cluster size and solar provisioning on individual BSs. Our results demonstrate that the proposed EC framework alleviates the green energy outage significantly, providing computational efficiency gains and CAPEX savings over the state-of-art approaches. © 2016 IEEE.

关键词： Batteries Green Energy Computational Modeling Power Demand Green Products Computational Efficiency Sustainable Development Green Computing Estimation Energy Exchange Cooperative Energy Transfer Computation Efficiency Energy Sustainability Solar Powered Base Station Traffic Energy Imbalance Network Of Cells Energy Source Optimization Problem Computational Efficiency Renewable Energy Energy Transfer Base Station Energy Harvesting Solar Power Capital Expenditure Three State Model Energy Cooperation Skewness Intermediate State Transition Probabilities Power Grid Average Energy Energy Deficit Probabilistic Analysis Sustainability Performance Net Energy Outage Probability Battery Level Photovoltaic Panels Consecutive Hours Discrete Time Markov Chain Solar Harvesting Outage Performance Depth Of Discharge Upcoming Sections

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