Alteration in expression levels of genes as well as their regulatory components, such as those levels of miRNAs in cancer cells will likely reflect in the enrichment of unique cellular functions and biological process...
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Alteration in expression levels of genes as well as their regulatory components, such as those levels of miRNAs in cancer cells will likely reflect in the enrichment of unique cellular functions and biological processes in their corresponding cell systems. By employing systems biology approaches, and instead of examining individual gene, we will directly and unambiguously identify the regulatory pathways and biological processes that are distinctive to specific disease states or responses to therapeutic treatment. In this study, we employ gene set enrichment analysis inspired method to explore the functional regulation of miRNAs. The analysis integrated a mathematic model that associates miRNAs to gene sets through miRNA target genes with a statistic test of enrichment to study the regulation change at a specific pathway. Different from conventional individual miRNA processing procedures, our method enables researchers to construct regulation hypothesis at pathway and functional levels.
Formal election observation involves appointed observers recording and reporting remote observations over the duration of an election and analysts promptly issuing conclusions based on studying these observations. Thi...
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This work describes the benefits arising from the introduction of a hybrid wind - pumped storage unit into a non - interconnected power system such as Rhodes' Island power system. Optimal power flow (OPF) is one o...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781849193191
This work describes the benefits arising from the introduction of a hybrid wind - pumped storage unit into a non - interconnected power system such as Rhodes' Island power system. Optimal power flow (OPF) is one of the main tools for optimal operation and planning of modern power systems. The OPF was applied to the Rhodes' power system which consists of thermal power plants and Renewable Energy Sources (RES, mainly wind turbines). In order to increase the RES penetration, pumped storage is applied. The pumped storage unit is considered to be connected to grid bus where a wind park exists. Actual data regarding the wind speed, load, thermal stations, lines, transformers and RES were imported in Matlab environment for the simulation of the power system. Various scenarios about the operation of the hybrid unit were examined. The scope was to achieve "peak - shaving" during the high load demand period. Finally, the benefits of the investment were examined and evaluated.
In building fire evacuation, good guidance can speed up egress process and occupants may be injured due to lack of information and guidance. There are many studies on building egress systems, which use relevant inform...
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In building fire evacuation, good guidance can speed up egress process and occupants may be injured due to lack of information and guidance. There are many studies on building egress systems, which use relevant information (e.g., fire condition and its evolution) to calculate and provide guidance to occupants. However, information used to generate guidance may be uncertain, and it is difficult to provide the guidance under uncertainty. How to provide effective guidance to occupants under uncertainty and how to evaluate the confidence of the guidance are critical issues. To describe the confidence of the guidance, the concept of “confidence intervals” is used. By comparing “confidence intervals” with a threshold, acceptable guidance is provided. Testing examples show that the confidence of the guidance can be evaluated and unacceptable guidance can be differentiated with the use of confidence intervals.
In this work, we propose a multi-layered adaptive load management (ALM) system capable of integrating largescale demand response in electric power systems efficiently and reliably. Electric power systems can be seen a...
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This paper is motivated by the need to automate adjustments of deviations in key output variables from their scheduled values. In particular, it is important to maintain load voltages within their pre-specified limits...
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This paper is motivated by the need to automate adjustments of deviations in key output variables from their scheduled values. In particular, it is important to maintain load voltages within their pre-specified limits in response to many disturbances, for example load power factor deviations. Similarly, it is important to regulate real power line flows to within their pre-specified limits as disturbances around scheduled real power generation dispatch take place. Such automation is a feasible goal since the PMUs could provide accurate and fast sensing of key output variables of interest. Given the number of PMUs, the selection of best locations of PMUs and the control design based on these measurements becomes an engineering design problem. In this paper we provide a problem formulation for a robust Automated Voltage Control (AVC) and Automated Flow Control (AFC) design based on selecting the best locations for placing the PMUs. The AVC and AFC designs are illustrated using a small 5-bus example first. This is followed by illustrating potential performance of such design on an equivalent NPCC 36-bus system. The results indicate that the (N-1) reliability criteria can be met by combining the economic dispatch for scheduling resources given demand forecast, and by relying on an automated feedback to ensure that voltage and line flow deviations remain within the pre-specified limits in between scheduling intervals. This is done without having to know the exact location and magnitude of disturbances.
In this paper we describe an effort which is under way at Carnegie Mellon University (CMU) in the Electric Energy Systems Group (EESG). We refer to this effort as the Dynamic Monitoring and Decision Systems (DYMONDS) ...
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In this paper we describe an effort which is under way at Carnegie Mellon University (CMU) in the Electric Energy Systems Group (EESG). We refer to this effort as the Dynamic Monitoring and Decision Systems (DYMONDS) initiative. Its objective is to develop an Information Technology (IT)-enabled framework in support of sustainable evolution of today's electric power systems into future energy systems capable of meeting dynamically evolving complex tradeoffs of business, societal and energy service users' needs both short-term and very long-term.
In this paper we start by recalling the seminal concepts underlying adaptive reliability of Tom Dy Liacco conceived almost four decades ago. Unfortunately, these concepts have not developed nor have been adopted by th...
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In this paper we start by recalling the seminal concepts underlying adaptive reliability of Tom Dy Liacco conceived almost four decades ago. Unfortunately, these concepts have not developed nor have been adopted by the industry yet. Recent efforts toward grid modernization will fall short of the anticipated expectations unless this gets implemented. Two distinct, yet related, challenges and opportunities are: 1) making electric energy services reliable and secure over broad ranges of conditions created by un-intended and/or intended system failures; and, 2) ensuring at the same time environmental and economic sustainability of energy services. We stress that even in the regulated industry this can be achieved only by implementing adaptive reliability. Moreover, as the industry restructures and novel resources get deployed the notions of adaptive reliability must evolve as well.
The paper points out that while many efforts are under way to making distribution systems smart, very little serious attention has been given to rethinking the enhancements of transmission systems. Future electric ene...
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The paper points out that while many efforts are under way to making distribution systems smart, very little serious attention has been given to rethinking the enhancements of transmission systems. Future electric energy systems are likely to require a qualitatively different management of the existing transmission system in order to enable their rapidly changing needs and objectives. The paper discusses an incremental enhancement of transmission systems in order to meet future needs. The thinking that the transmission systems already have control centers and SCADA and many analysis and decision tools misses major opportunities on the way to sustainable electric energy services of the future.
This paper concerns the challenge of teaching future energy systems using concepts familiar to engineering students. It is stressed that unless operating and design problems are formulated in a way understandable to t...
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This paper concerns the challenge of teaching future energy systems using concepts familiar to engineering students. It is stressed that unless operating and design problems are formulated in a way understandable to those who do not specialize in electric power systems it becomes very difficult to identify what may be the roadblocks to innovation and better performance of the evolving energy systems. In particular, it becomes difficult to formulate problems underlying effective integration of novel resources and responsive demand by means of information technology (IT) unless these are "translated" into the frameworks understandable to those working with complex systems and to the IT designers.
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