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arXiv 2020年

作者： He, Guannan Michalek, Jeremy Kar, Soummya Chen, Qixin Zhang, Da Whitacre, Jay F. MIT Energy Initiative Massachusetts Institute of Technology CambridgeMA United States Institute of Energy Environment and Economy Tsinghua University Beijing China MIT Joint Program on the Science and Policy of Global Change Massachusetts Institute of Technology CambridgeMA United States Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Carnegie Mellon University PittsburghPA United States Department of Electrical Engineering Tsinghua University Beijing China Department of Engineering and Public Policy Carnegie Mellon University PittsburghPA United States Department of Mechanical Engineering Carnegie Mellon University PittsburghPA United States Department of Materials Science and Engineering Carnegie Mellon University PittsburghPA United States

Summary: Battery storage is expected to play a crucial role in the low-carbon transformation of energy systems. The deployment of battery storage in the power gird, however, is currently severely limited by its low economic viability, which results from not only high capital costs but also the lack of flexible and efficient utilization schemes and business models. Making utility-scale battery storage portable through trucking unlocks its capability to provide various on-demand services. We introduce the potential applications of utility-scale portable energy storage and investigate its economics in California using a spatiotemporal decision model that determines the optimal operation and transportation schedules of portable storage. We show that mobilizing energy storage can increase its life-cycle revenues by 70% in some areas and improve renewable energy integration by relieving local transmission congestion. The life-cycle revenue of spatiotemporal arbitrage can fully compensate for the costs of portable energy storage system in several regions in California, including San Diego and the San Francisco Bay Area. Copyright © 2020, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Life cycle

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Corrigendum to “Numerical analysis of the magnetic field impact on hydrothermal characteristics of a microchannel heatsink with Fe 3 O 4 ferrofluid and various pin-fin shapes” [J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 585 (2023) 171102]

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Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials 2024年 610卷

作者： Tao Hai Kamal Sharma Riyam K. Marjan Babak Farhang Mohamed H. Mahmoud Hassan Fouad Walid El-Shafai School of Computer and Information Qiannan Normal University for Nationalities Duyun Guizhou 558000 China School of Electronics and Information Engineering Ankang University China State Key Laboratory of Public Big Data Guizhou University Guizhou Guiyang 550025 China Institute of Engineering and Technology GLA University Mathura UP 281406 India Department of Intelligent Medical Systems Al-Mustaqbal University College Babylon 51001 Iraq Department of Energy Technology Aalborg University Denmark Department of Biochemistry College of Science King Saud University Riyadh Saudi Arabia Biomedical Engineering Department Faculty of Engineering Helwan University Cairo P.O. Box 11795 Egypt Department Electronics and Electrical Communications Engineering Faculty of Electronic Engineering Menoufia University Menouf 32952 Egypt

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Robust Cough Detection with Out-of-Distribution Detection

TechRxiv

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TechRxiv 2022年

作者： Chen, Yuhan Attri, Pankaj Barahona, Jeffrey Hernandez, Michelle L. Carpenter, Delesha Bozkurt, Alper Lobaton, Edgar Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering North Carolina State University RaleighNC27695 United States Department of Computer Science North Carolina State University RaleighNC27695 United States Department of Pediatrics University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel HillNC27559 United States Center for Environmental Medicine Asthma and Lung Biology University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel HillNC27559 United States Division of Pharmaceutical Outcomes and Policy Eshelman School of Pharmacy University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel HillNC27559 United States

Cough is an important defense mechanism of the respiratory system and is also a symptom of lung diseases, such as asthma. Acoustic cough detection collected by portable recording devices is a convenient way to track potential condition worsening for patients who have asthma. However, the data used in building current cough detection models are often clean, containing a limited set of sound categories, and thus perform poorly when they are exposed to a variety of real-world sounds which could be picked up by portable recording devices. The sounds that are not learned by the model are referred to as Out-of-Distribution (OOD) data. In this work, we propose two robust cough detection methods combined with an OOD detection module, that removes OOD data without sacrificing the cough detection performance of the original system. These methods include adding a learning confidence parameter and maximizing entropy loss. Our experiments show that 1) the OOD system can produce dependable In-Distribution (ID) and OOD results at a sampling rate above 750 Hz;2) the OOD sample detection tends to perform better for larger audio window sizes;3) the model’s overall accuracy and precision get better as the proportion of OOD samples increase in the acoustic signals;4) a higher percentage of OOD data is needed to realize performance gains at lower sampling rates. The incorporation of OOD detection techniques improves cough detection performance by a significant margin and provides a valuable solution to real-world acoustic cough detection problems. © 2022-12-09, CC0.

关键词： Deep learning

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Association Between Sex and Race and Ethnicity and IV Sedation Use in Patients Receiving Invasive Ventilation

CHEST Critical Care

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CHEST Critical Care 2024年第4期2卷 100100-100100页

作者： Walker, Sarah L. Angriman, Federico Burry, Lisa Celi, Leo Anthony Fiest, Kirsten M. Gichoya, Judy Johnson, Alistair Liu, Kuan Mehta, Sangeeta Roman-Sarita, Georgiana Seyyed-Kalantari, Laleh Vu, Thanh-Giang T. Whitlock, Elizabeth L. Tomlinson, George Yarnell, Christopher J. Institute of Health Policy Management and Evaluation University of Toronto Toronto ON Canada Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care Medicine University of Toronto Toronto ON Canada Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy University of Toronto Toronto ON Canada University Health Network Toronto ON Canada Sinai Health Toronto ON Canada Department of Critical Care Medicine Scarborough Health Network Toronto ON Canada Scarborough Health Network Research Institute Toronto ON Canada Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Lassonde School of Engineering York University Toronto ON Canada Vector Institute for Artificial Intelligence Toronto ON Canada Department of Critical Care Medicine University of Calgary Calgary AB Canada Department of Radiology and Biomedical Informatics Emory University Atlanta GA United States Division of Pulmonary Critical Care and Sleep Medicine Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center Department of Biostatistics Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health Boston MA Department of Anesthesia & Perioperative Care University of California San Francisco San Francisco CA Department of Anesthesiology & Pain Medicine University of Washington Seattle WA United States Department of Computer Science University of Toronto Toronto ON Canada Department of Respiratory Therapy University Health Network Toronto ON Canada

Background: IV sedation is an important tool for managing patients receiving invasive ventilation, yet excess sedation is harmful, and dosing could be influenced by implicit bias. Research Question: What are the associations between sex or race and ethnicity and sedation practices? Study Design and Methods: We performed a retrospective single-center cohort study of adults receiving invasive ventilation for ≥ 24 hours using the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care Version IV (2008-2019) database from Boston, Massachusetts. We used a repeated-measures design (4-hour intervals) to study the association between sex (female or male) or race and ethnicity (Asian, Black, Hispanic, White) and sedation outcomes. Sedation outcomes included sedative use (propofol, benzodiazepine, dexmedetomidine) and minimum sedation score. We categorized sedative use as follows: no sedative and then lowest, second, third, and highest quartiles of sedative dose. We adjusted for covariates with multilevel Bayesian proportional odds modeling and reported ORs with 95% credible intervals (CrIs). Results: We studied 6,764 patients: 43% female;3.5% Asian, 12% Black, 4.5% Hispanic, and 80% White. Benzodiazepines were administered to 2,334 patients (36%). Black patients received benzodiazepines less often and at lower doses than White patients (more benzodiazepine: OR, 0.66;95% CrI, 0.49-0.92). Propofol was administered to 3,865 patients (57%). Female patients received propofol less often and at lower doses than male patients (more propofol: OR, 0.72;95% CrI, 0.61-0.86). Dexmedetomidine was administered to 1,439 patients (21%), and use was similar across sex or race and ethnicity. Female patients were less sedated than male patients (deeper sedation: OR, 0.71;95% CrI, 0.62-0.81), and Black patients were more sedated than White patients (more sedated: OR, 1.28;95% CrI, 1.05-1.55). Interpretation: Among patients receiving invasive ventilation for at least 24 hours, IV sedation and attained sedati

关键词： Bayesian modeling deep sedation differences in treatment by race or ethnicity differences in treatment by sex mechanical ventilation

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Challenges in Cybersecurity: Lessons from Biological Defense Systems

SSRN

引用

SSRN 2023年

作者： Schrom, Edward Kinzig, Ann P. Forrest, Stephanie Graham, Andrea L. Levin, Simon A. Bergstrom, Carl T. Castillo-Chavez, Carlos Collins, James P. de Boer, Rob J. Doupé, Adam Ensafi, Roya Feldman, Stuart Grenfell, Bryan T. Halderman, J. Alex Huijben, Silvie Maley, Carlo Moses, Melanie Perelson, Alan S. Perrings, Charles Plotkin, Joshua Rexford, Jennifer Tiwari, Mohit Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Princeton University PrincetonNJ08544 United States School of Life Sciences Arizona State University TempeAZ85287 United States Biodesign Center for Biocomputation Security and Society Arizona State University TempeAZ85287 United States School of Computing and Augmented Intelligence Arizona State University TempeAZ85287 United States Santa Fe Institute Santa FeNM87501 United States Department of Biology University of Washington SeattleWA98195 United States School of Human Evolution and Social Change Arizona State University TempeAZ85287 United States Theoretical Biology and Bioinformatics Utrecht University Utrecht3584 CH Netherlands Center for Cybersecurity and Trusted Foundations Global Security Initiative Arizona State University TempeAZ85287 United States Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Computer Science and Engineering Division University of Michigan Ann ArborMI48109 United States Schmidt Futures New YorkNY10011 United States Princeton School of Public and International Affairs Princeton University PrincetonNJ08544 United States Center for Computer Security and Society University of Michigan Ann ArborMI48109 United States Arizona Cancer Evolution Center Arizona State University TempeAZ85287 United States Department of Computer Science University of New Mexico AlbuquerqueNM87131 United States Department of Biology University of New Mexico AlbuquerqueNM87131 United States Theoretical Biology and Biophysics Group Los Alamos National Laboratory Los AlamosNM87545 United States Department of Biology University of Pennsylvania PhiladelphiaPA19104 United States Department of Computer Science Princeton University PrincetonNJ08540 United States Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Texas AustinTX78712 United States

Defending against novel, repeated, or unpredictable attacks, while avoiding attacks on the ‘self’, are the central problems of both mammalian immune systems and computer systems. Both systems have been studied in great detail, but with little exchange of information across the different disciplines. Here, we present a conceptual framework for structured comparisons across the fields of biological immunity and cybersecurity, by framing the context of defense, considering different (combinations of) defensive strategies, and evaluating defensive performance. Throughout this paper, we pose open questions for further exploration. We hope to spark the interdisciplinary discovery of general principles of optimal defense, which can be understood and applied in biological immunity, cybersecurity, and other defensive realms. © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Cybersecurity

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Super-Gain-Boosted Miller Op-Amp Based on Nested Regulated Cascode Techniques with FoMAOLDC = 24,614kV/***/μWatt

Super-Gain-Boosted Miller Op-Amp Based on Nested Regulated C...

引用

IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (ISCAS)

作者： Anindita Paul Jaime Ramirez-Angulo A. J. López-Martin R. G. Carvajal Alejandro Díaz Sánchez Electrical & Computer Eng. NMSU Las Cruces USA Electrical & Computer Eng. NMSU and INAOE Las Cruces USA Pueblo Mexico Electrical & Electronic Eng. Public Univ of Navarra Pamplona City Spain Electronic Engineering University of Seville Sevilla Spain Dept. of Electronics INAOE Pueblo Mexico

ISBN: (数字)9781728133201

ISBN: (纸本)9781728133218

A simple technique to greatly enhance the DC open-loop gain of a Miller op-amp is introduced here. It is based on the utilization of nested regulated cascode amplifiers. It uses conventional Miller compensation and does not increase the supply voltage. The proposed scheme has a DC open-loop gain Figure of Merit FoM AOLDC =24,614kV/***/μWatt. It is especially appropriate for utilization in modern deep sub-micrometer CMOS technologies with low intrinsic gain.

关键词： Transistors Impedance CMOS technology MOS devices Gain Differential amplifiers Poles and zeros

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Simulating the charging of electric vehicles by laser

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Procedia computer Science 2019年 155卷 527-534页

作者： Yuvrajsinh Rathod Larry Hughes Yuvrajsinh Rathod MASc student Electrical and Computer Engineering Dalhousie University Halifax Canada Larry Hughes Founding Fellow MacEachen Insittute for Public Policy and Goverance Dalhousie University Halifax Canada

At present, wired and wireless charging methods for electric vehicles (EVs) have a number of drawbacks including short charging ranges and long charging times. Laser power transfer (LPT) is a wireless power transfer technique which can be used for UAV (unmanned aerial vehicle) and satellite charging. Recent developments in photovoltaic cells and laser technology allows the transfer power using light which might overcome many of the issues related with other charging methods. In this paper, we describe the design and implementation (in MATLAB) of a novel, high-power charging method using a laser (monochromatic light) to charge electric vehicles. The paper examines the overall efficiency of the LPT for a various input power-level. In addition, it also examines the safety and the possible charging infrastructure for LPT technology. Using this technique, we believe that an overall efficiency of 10-37% can be achieved using existing technology.

关键词： Electric vehicle LPT Wireless charging

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Towards long-tailed, multi-label disease classification from chest X-ray: Overview of the CXR-LT challenge

arXiv

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arXiv 2023年

作者： Holste, Gregory Zhou, Yiliang Wang, Song Jaiswal, Ajay Lin, Mingquan Zhuge, Sherry Yang, Yuzhe Kim, Dongkyun Nguyen-Mau, Trong-Hieu Tran, Minh-Triet Jeong, Jaehyup Park, Wongi Ryu, Jongbin Hong, Feng Verma, Arsh Yamagishi, Yosuke Kim, Changhyun Seo, Hyeryeong Kang, Myungjoo Celi, Leo Anthony Lu, Zhiyong Summers, Ronald M. Shih, George Wang, Zhangyang Peng, Yifan Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering The University of Texas at Austin AustinTX78712 United States Department of Population Health Sciences Weill Cornell Medicine New YorkNY10065 United States School of Information Systems Carnegie Mellon University PittsburghPA15213 United States Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Massachussetts Institute of Technology CambridgeMA02139 United States School of Computer Science Carnegie Mellon University PittsburghPA15213 United States University of Science VNU-HCM Ho Chi Minh City70000 Viet Nam KT Research & Development Center KT Corporation Seoul06763 Korea Republic of Department of Software and Computer Engineering Ajou University Suwon16499 Korea Republic of Cooperative Medianet Innovation Center Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai200240 China Wadhwani Institute for Artificial Intelligence Mumbai400079 India Division of Radiology and Biomedical Engineering Graduate School of Medicine The University of Tokyo Tokyo113-0033 Japan BioMedical AI Team AIX Future R&D Center SK Telecom Seoul04539 Korea Republic of Seoul National University Seoul02504 Korea Republic of Department of Mathematical Sciences Seoul National University Seoul02504 Korea Republic of Laboratory for Computational Physiology Massachusetts Institute of Technology CambridgeMA02139 United States Division of Pulmonary Critical Care and Sleep Medicine Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center BostonMA02215 United States Department of Biostatistics Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health BostonMA02115 United States National Center for Biotechnology Information National Library of Medicine BethesdaMD20894 United States Clinical Center National Institutes of Health BethesdaMD20892 United States Department of Radiology Weill Cornell Medicine New YorkNY10065 United States

Many real-world image recognition problems, such as diagnostic medical imaging exams, are "long-tailed" – there are a few common findings followed by many more relatively rare conditions. In chest radiography, diagnosis is both a long-tailed and multi-label problem, as patients often present with multiple findings simultaneously. While researchers have begun to study the problem of long-tailed learning in medical image recognition, few have studied the interaction of label imbalance and label co-occurrence posed by long-tailed, multi-label disease classification. To engage with the research community on this emerging topic, we conducted an open challenge, CXR-LT, on long-tailed, multi-label thorax disease classification from chest X-rays (CXRs). We publicly release a large-scale benchmark dataset of over 350,000 CXRs, each labeled with at least one of 26 clinical findings following a long-tailed distribution. We synthesize common themes of top-performing solutions, providing practical recommendations for long-tailed, multi-label medical image classification. Finally, we use these insights to propose a path forward involving vision-language foundation models for few- and zero-shot disease classification. © 2023, CC BY-NC-SA.

关键词： computer aided diagnosis

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Fine particulate matter emissions from electric vehicle fast charging stations

引用

Environment International 2025年 201卷 109581页

作者： Yao, Yuan Niu, Muchuan Chen, Haoxuan Yu, Qiao Wu, Qingyang Li, Yuhang Zhang, Yijie Ozcan, Aydogan Jerrett, Michael Zhu, Yifang Department of Environmental Health Sciences Jonathan and Karin Fielding School of Public Health University of California Los Angeles Los AngelesCA United States Institute of Environment and Sustainability University of California Los Angeles Los AngelesCA United States Electrical and Computer Engineering Department University of California Los Angeles Los AngelesCA United States

The global shift to electric vehicles necessitates the expansion of Direct Current Fast Charging (DCFC) stations, yet the related environmental and public health impacts remain unclear. Here, we report that the power cabinet at DCFC stations emit fine particulate matter (PM2.5). We collected integrated filter samples from 50 DCFC stations across 47 cities in Los Angeles County, California. The daily PM2.5 concentrations were between 7.3 and 39.0 µg m−3, significantly higher than urban background sites (p = 0.02) and the nearest U.S. EPA monitoring stations (p 2.5 mass concentration, particle size distribution, and other pollutants, as well as characterized particle chemical compositions on integrated filter samples. Our results indicate that these particles, primarily in the sub-micrometer range (0.5–1.0 µm), are likely due to particle resuspension from the power cabinets. PM2.5 samples from power cabinets showed higher levels of brake and tire wear tracers (Ba, Cu, Zn) and dust tracers (Ca, Al, Fe) compared to samples from nearby chargers and background sites. With no current emission standards for DCFC, managing particle resuspension is crucial for improving air quality and protecting public health as transportation electrification advances. © 2025 The Author(s)

关键词： Fast charging (Batteries)

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Priorities for hearing loss prevention and estimates of global cause-specific burdens of hearing loss: a systematic rapid review

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The Lancet Global Health 2024年第2期12卷 e217-e225页

作者： Prasad, Kavita Borre, Ethan D Dillard, Lauren K Ayer, Austin Der, Carolina Bainbridge, Kathleen E McMahon, Catherine M Tucci, Debara L Wilson, Blake S Schmidler, Gillian D Sanders Saunders, James Tufts University School of Medicine Boston MA United States Department of Internal Medicine Massachusetts General Hospital Boston MA United States Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery Medical University of South Carolina Charleston SC United States University of California San Diego San Diego CA United States Facultad de Medicina Universidad del Desarrollo Clínica Alemana de Santiago Santiago Chile National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders National Institutes of Health Bethesda MD United States HEAR Centre Macquarie University Sydney NSW Australia Duke Global Health Institute Duke University Durham NC United States Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering Department of Biomedical Engineering Pratt School of Engineering Duke University Durham NC United States Department of Surgery Geisel School of Medicine Dartmouth University Lebanon NH United States Department of Head and Neck Surgery and Communication Sciences Duke University School of Medicine Durham NC United States Duke-Margolis Center for Health Policy Durham NC United States

Background: Hearing loss affects approximately 1·6 billion individuals worldwide. Many cases are preventable. We aimed to estimate the annual number of new hearing loss cases that could be attributed to meningitis, otitis media, congenital rubella syndrome, cytomegalovirus, and ototoxic medications, specifically aminoglycosides, platinum-based chemotherapeutics, and antimalarials. Methods: We used a targeted and a rapid systematic literature review to calculate yearly global incidences of each cause of hearing loss. We estimated the prevalence of hearing loss for each presumed cause. For each cause, we calculated the global number of yearly hearing loss cases associated with the exposure by multiplying the estimated exposed population by the prevalence of hearing loss associated with the exposure, accounting for mortality when warranted. Findings: An estimated 257·3 million people per year are exposed to these preventable causes of hearing loss, leading to an estimated 33·8 million new cases of hearing loss worldwide per year. Most hearing loss cases were among those with exposure to ototoxic medications (19·6 million [range 12·6 million–27·9 million] from short-course aminoglycoside therapy and 12·3 million from antimalarials). We estimated that 818 000 cases of hearing loss were caused by otitis media, 346 000 by meningitis, 114 000 by cytomegalovirus, and 59 000 by congenital rubella syndrome. Interpretation: The global burden of preventable hearing loss is large. Hearing loss that is attributable to disease sequelae or ototoxic medications contributes substantially to the global burden of hearing loss. Prevention of these conditions should be a global health priority. Funding: The US National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders and the US National Institute on Aging. © 2024 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY 4.0 license

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