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Plasma proteomic analysis of intermuscular fat links muscle integrity with processing speed in older adults

Alzheimer's and Dementia 2025年第5期21卷 e70261页

作者： Tanaka, Toshiko Rosano, Caterina Huang, Xiaoning Tian, Qu Landman, Bennett A. Moore, Ann Z. Miljkovic, Iva Perry, Andrew Khan, Sadiya Kalhan, Ravi Carr, John Jeffrey Terry, James G. Yaffe, Kristine Walker, Keenan A. Candia, Julián Ferrucci, Luigi Longitudinal Studies Section Translational Gerontology Branch NIH NIA Baltimore MD United States Department of Epidemiology School of Public Health University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh PA United States Division of Cardiology Department of Medicine Feinberg School of Medicine Northwestern University Chicago IL United States Department of Computer Science Vanderbilt University Nashville TN United States Vanderbilt Translational and Clinical Cardiovascular Research Center Vanderbilt University School of Medicine Nashville TN United States Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Department of Medicine Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine Chicago IL United States Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Vanderbilt University School of Medicine Nashville TN United States UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences University of California–San Francisco San Francisco CA United States Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program Baltimore MD United States

INTRODUCTION: More intermuscular fat (IMF) has been associated with lower cognitive performance through mechanisms that are not fully elucidated. METHODS: The associations of 7628 plasma proteins with IMF were assessed in the Baltimore Longitudinal Study on Aging (n = 941, mean age = 66.7 ± 15.2) and validated in the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults Study (n = 2451, mean age = 50.2 ± 3.6). Processing speed was assessed by Digit Symbol Substitution Test (DSST). Associations between the main exposures, outcome, and mediators were evaluated using linear regression, and mediating effects were assessed by causal mediation analysis. RESULTS: There were 722 plasma proteins associated with IMF in both the discovery and replication cohorts (false discovery rate [FDR] adjusted p ≤ 0.05). Of these, 26 mediated the relationship between IMF and DSST, with effects ranging from 2.8% to 20.9% (p ≤ 0.05). These proteins represented synaptic function and organization, and growth factor binding (FDR adjusted p ≤ 0.05). DISCUSSION: Reducing IMF may improve processing speed through effects on growth factor and synaptic activity. Highlights: Higher intermuscular fat is associated with lower processing speed, consistently across populations that represent different demographic characteristics. There is a robust plasma proteomic profile of intermuscular fat that is assessed in the abdominal and thigh skeletal muscle. The proteins associated with intermuscular fat reflect signals that are reflective of synaptic function and organization, as well as other molecular pathways such as growth factor binding. Circulating proteins partially explain the association between higher intermuscular fat and lower processing speed, suggesting that higher intermuscular fat effects processing speed through pathways including synaptic functions and growth factor binding. © 2025 The Author(s). Alzheimer's & Dementia published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of Alzheimer's Association. This

关键词： aging epidemiology intermuscular fat processing speed proteomics

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The Use of Large Language Models and Their Association With Enhanced Impact in Biomedical Research and Beyond

MedComm - Future Medicine

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MedComm - Future Medicine 2025年第2期4卷

作者： Cheng, Huzi Shi, Wen Sheng, Bin Lee, Aaron Y. Car, Josip Chaudhary, Varun Atanasov, Atanas G. Liu, Nan Qiu, Yue Chen, Qingyu Wong, Tien Yin Tham, Yih-Chung Zheng, Ying-Feng Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences Indiana University Bloomington IN United States Department of Ophthalmology the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University Guangzhou China Department of Computer Science and Engineering School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai China MOE Key Laboratory of AI School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai China Department of Ophthalmology University of Washington School of Medicine Seattle WA United States Centre for Population Health Sciences Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine Nanyang Technological University Singapore Singapore Department of Primary Care and Public Health School of Public Health Imperial College London London United Kingdom Department Health Research Methods Evidence and Impact McMaster University Hamilton ON Canada Department of Surgery McMaster University Hamilton ON Canada Ludwig Boltzmann Institute Digital Health and Patient Safety Medical University of Vienna Vienna Austria Institute of Genetics and Animal Biotechnology of the Polish Academy of Sciences Jastrzebiec Poland Centre for Quantitative Medicine Duke-NUS Medical School Singapore Singapore Tsinghua Medicine Tsinghua University Beijing China Yale School of Medicine Yale University United States Singapore Eye Research Institute Singapore National Eye Centre Singapore School of Clinical Medicine Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital Beijing China Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Program Duke-NUS Medical School Singapore Centre for Innovation and Precision Eye Health and Department of Ophthalmology Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine National University of Singapore Singapore State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center Sun Yat-sen University Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science Guangzhou China

The release of ChatGPT in 2022 has catalyzed the adoption of large language models (LLMs) across diverse writing domains, including academic writing. However, this technological shift has raised critical questions regarding the prevalence of LLM usage in academic writing and its potential influence on the quality and impact of research articles. Here, we address these questions by analyzing preprint articles from arXiv, bioRxiv, and medRxiv between 2022 and 2024, employing a novel LLM usage detection tool. Our study reveals that LLMs have been widely adopted in biomedical and other types of academic writing since late 2022. Notably, we noticed that LLM usage is linked to an enhanced impact of research articles after examining their correlation, as measured by citation numbers. Furthermore, we observe that LLMs influence specific content types in academic writing, including hypothesis formulation, conclusion summarization, description of phenomena, and suggestions for future work. Collectively, our findings underscore the potential benefits of LLMs in scientific communication, suggesting that they may not only streamline the writing process but also enhance the dissemination and impact of research findings across disciplines. © 2025 The Author(s). MedComm - Future Medicine published by John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd on behalf of Sichuan International Medical Exchange & Promotion Association (SCIMEA).

关键词： academic writing chatGPT large language models LLM

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Research into the moisture influence on the physical-chemical tuff-stone characteristics in basalt quarries of the Rivne-Volyn region 14

Research into the moisture influence on the physical-chemica...

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14th International Research and Practice Conference on Ukrainian School of Mining engineering, USME 2020

作者： Malanchuk, Yevhenii Korniienko, Valerii Malanchuk, Larisa Zaiets, Vitalii National University of Water Management and Nature Resources Use Department of Automation Electrical Engineering and Computer-Integrated Technologies 11 Soborna St. Rivne33028 Ukraine National University of Water Management and Nature Resources Use Department of Development of Deposits and Mining 11 Soborna St. Rivne33028 Ukraine National University of Water Management and Nature Resources Use Department of Public Administration Documenting and Information Activities 11 Soborna St. Rivne33028 Ukraine

This paper studies the rock mass stress state of deposits under highland conditions, depending on the geological structure of a particular rock mass area, the tectonic field of stresses and the region relief. This study is aimed to develop an experimental method for assessing and monitoring the properties and state of the rock mass adjacent to mine workings. Experimental studies are performed through stresses measurements in-situ. Based on research results, it has been revealed that the geological structures, tectonic fields of stresses and the earth's surface relief of the deposit normally reflect the values and direction of the main stresses acting in the rock mass. These patterns can be used to predict and assess the stress state of the rock mass. During the rock mass stress state assessment, quantitative dependences have been obtained for determining the stress tensors conditioned by the overlying rocks weight, tectonics and fracturing, and the deposit surface relief The research results make possible to assess the nature of the stresses distribution, to identify the areas of reduced, equal, increased and maximum stresses concentration of the virgin rock mass, as well as to increase the efficiency of the geoacoustic control developed by the authors for the state of the rock mass adjacent to mine working. © The Authors, published by EDP Sciences 2020.

关键词： Tectonics

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Research needed in computational social science for power system reliability, resilience, and restoration

arXiv

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arXiv 2020年

作者： Valinejad, Jaber Mili, Lamine van der Wal, C. Natalie Bradley Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Virginia Tech Northern Virginia Center Greater Washington D.C.VA22043 United States Department of Computer Science same university India Delft University of Technology Faculty of Technology Policy and Management dept. Multi-Actor Systems Netherlands

In the literature, smart grids are modeled as cyber-physical power systems without considering the computational social aspects. However, end-users are playing a key role in their operation and response to disturbances via demand response and distributed energy resources. Therefore, due to the critical role of active and passive end-users and the intermittency of renewable energy, smart grids must be planned and operated by considering the computational social aspects in addition to the technical aspects. The level of cooperation, flexibility, and other social features of the various stakeholders, including consumers, prosumers, and microgrids, affect the system efficiency, reliability, and resilience. In this paper, we design an artificial society simulating the interaction between power systems and the social communities that they serve via agent-based modeling inspired by Barsade’s theory on the emotional spread. The simulation results show a decline in the consumers’ and prosumers’ satisfaction levels induced by a shortage of electricity. It also shows the effects of social diffusion via the Internet and mass media on the satisfaction level. In view of the importance of computational social science for power system applications and the limited number of publications devoted to it, we provide a list of research topics that need to be achieved to enhance the reliability and resilience of power systems’ operation and planning. Copyright © 2020, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Electric power transmission networks

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Parameter Modeling for Small-Scale Mobility in Indoor THz Communication

Parameter Modeling for Small-Scale Mobility in Indoor THz Co...

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IEEE Global Communications Conference

作者： Rohit Singh Douglas Sicker Engineering & Public Policy Carnegie Mellon University Pittsburgh USA School of Computer Science Carnegie Mellon University Pittsburgh USA

ISBN: (数字)9781728109626

ISBN: (纸本)9781728109633

Despite such challenges as high path loss and equipment cost, THz communication is becoming one of the potentially viable means through which ultra-high data rate can be achieved. To compensate for the high path loss, we present parameter modeling for indoor THz communication. To maximize efficient and opportunistic use of resources, we analyze the potential workarounds for a single access point to satisfy most of the mobile terminals by varying such parameters as humidity, distance, frequency windows, beamwidths, antenna placement, and user mobility type. One promising parameter is antenna beamwidth, where narrower beams results in higher antenna gain. However, this can lead to "beamwidth dilemma" scenario, where narrower beamwidth can result in significant outages due to device mobility and orientation. In this paper, we address this challenge by presenting a mobility model that performs an extensive analysis of different human mobility scenarios, where each scenario has different data rate demands and movement patterns. We observe that for mobile users, there are optimal beamwidths that are affected by the mobility type (high mobility, constrained mobility, and low mobility) and AP placement.

关键词： Throughput Bandwidth Mathematical model Games Data models Aperture antennas

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Hybrid Fiber Links using Quasi-Single-Mode Fibers

Hybrid Fiber Links using Quasi-Single-Mode Fibers

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IEEE Photonics Conference (IPC)

作者： X. Jiang I. Roudas L. Miranda S. Ezquerro CUNY Engineering and Environmental Science College of Staten Island Staten Island NY Electrical and Computer Engineering Montana State University Bozeman MT USA Electrical and Electronic Engineering Public University of Navarra Pamplona Spain

We evaluate the performance of coherent optical communications systems using hybrid spans, composed of quasi-single-mode (QSM) and single-mode fibers (SMFs). We study how the optimum fiber splitting ratio per span inc... 详细信息

关键词： Optical fiber communication Optical fiber dispersion Optical fiber polarization Optical fiber amplifiers Optical fiber theory Q-factor

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Clinician-in-the-loop decision making: Reinforcement learning with near-optimal set-valued policies

arXiv

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arXiv 2020年

作者： Tang, Shengpu Modi, Aditya Sjoding, Michael W. Wiens, Jenna Department of Electrical Engineering & Computer Science University of Michigan Ann Arbor United States Department of Internal Medicine Michigan Medicine University of Michigan Ann Arbor United States Institute for Healthcare Policy & Innovation University of Michigan Ann Arbor United States

Standard reinforcement learning (RL) aims to find an optimal policy that identifies the best action for each state. However, in healthcare settings, many actions may be near-equivalent with respect to the reward (e.g., survival). We consider an alternative objective – learning set-valued policies to capture near-equivalent actions that lead to similar cumulative rewards. We propose a model-free algorithm based on temporal difference learning and a near-greedy heuristic for action selection. We analyze the theoretical properties of the proposed algorithm, providing optimality guarantees and demonstrate our approach on simulated environments and a real clinical task. Empirically, the proposed algorithm exhibits good convergence properties and discovers meaningful near-equivalent actions. Our work provides theoretical, as well as practical, foundations for clinician/human-in-the-loop decision making, in which humans (e.g., clinicians, patients) can incorporate additional knowledge (e.g., side effects, patient preference) when selecting among near-equivalent actions. Copyright © 2020, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Decision making

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A robotic dating coaching system leveraging online communities posts

arXiv

引用

arXiv 2020年

作者： Jo, Sihyeon Joung, Eun Gyo So, Minseob Jung, Donghwi Nespoli, Giulia Seo, Seung-Woo Kim, Keonwoo Yoo, Seungryong Kim, Seong-Woo Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Seoul National University Seoul Korea Republic of Technology Management Economics and Policy Program Seoul National University Seoul Korea Republic of Department of Industrial Engineering Seoul National University Seoul Korea Republic of Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Seoul National University Seoul Korea Republic of Department of Industrial Design Seoul National University Seoul Korea Republic of Graduate School of Engineering Practice Seoul National University Seoul Korea Republic of

Can a robot be a personal dating coach? Even with the increasing amount of conversational data on the internet, the implementation of conversational robots remains a challenge. In particular, a detailed and professional counseling log is expensive and not publicly accessible. In this paper, we develop a robot dating coaching system leveraging corpus from online communities. We examine people’s perceptions of the dating coaching robot with a dialogue module. 97 participants joined to have a conversation with the robot, and 30 of them evaluated the robot. The results indicate that participants thought the robot could become a dating coach while considering the robot is entertaining rather than helpful. © 2020, CC-BY.

关键词： Social networking (online)

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Effects of neuromuscular electrical stimulation on voluntary muscle activation and peripheral muscle contractility following short-term bed rest

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Experimental Physiology 2025年第0期 2025 Mar 31页

作者： Hansen, Sofie K. Hansen, Pernille Berry, Tania W. Grønbæk, Hans D. Olsen, Camilla M. Merhi, Youssif Agarwala, Shweta Aagaard, Per Hvid, Lars G. Agergaard, Jakob Dela, Flemming Suetta, Charlotte Geriatric Research Unit Copenhagen University Hospital – Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Copenhagen Denmark CopenAge Copenhagen Center for Clinical Age Research University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark Deptarment of Electrical and Computer Engineering Aarhus University Aarhus Denmark Department of Sport and Clinical Biomechanics Muscle Physiology and Biomechanics Research Unit University of Southern Denmark Odense Denmark Exercise Biology Department of Public Health Aarhus University Aarhus Denmark The Danish MS Hospitals Ry and Haslev Copenhagen Denmark Institute of Sports Medicine Copenhagen Department of Orthopedic Surgery Copenhagen University Hospital – Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Copenhagen Denmark Center for Healthy Aging Department of Clinical Medicine University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark Xlab Department of Biomedical Sciences University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark Department of Physiology and Biochemistry Riga Stradins University Riga Latvia

Disuse induces a disproportionate loss of muscle force compared with muscle mass, with unclear effects on voluntary muscle activation (VA) and peripheral contractility. Furthermore, the effect of neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) as a disuse countermeasure remains uncertain. We investigated the effects of NMES during bed rest on neuromechanical function to improve our understanding of the mechanisms underlying disuse-induced reductions in muscular force. Young (n = 16, 25 years old) and old (n = 16, 71 years old) adults underwent 5 days of bed rest. One leg received NMES (3 × 30 min/day), while the other served as the control (CON). Maximal isometric knee-extensor strength (MVIC), VA and peripheral muscle contractility were assessed before and after bed rest using the interpolated twitch technique, along with biomarkers of neuromuscular junction instability (C-terminal agrin fragment (CAF)) and muscle damage (creatine kinase (CK)). MVIC decreased in both age groups, regardless of NMES (young: CON, −21.7 Nm and NMES, −23.8 Nm;old: CON, −18.5 Nm and NMES, −16.4 Nm). VA was preserved with NMES, while decreasing in CON legs (young, −8.1%;old, −5.6%) following bed rest. Peripheral contractility (resting doublet twitch force) was reduced in CON and NMES legs in both age groups (young: CON, −4.0 Nm and NMES, −11.5 Nm;old: CON, −5.9 Nm and NMES, −10.8 Nm), with a greater decrease in NMES legs. CAF remained unchanged, whereas CK levels increased in young participants, albeit remaining within the normal range. In conclusion, a decline in neuromechanical function was observed after 5 days of bed rest in young and old adults. Although NMES appeared to preserve VA, peripheral muscle contractility was altered, resulting in reduced MVIC. © 2025 The Author(s). Experimental Physiology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of The Physiological Society.

关键词： bed rest central activation muscle contractile properties muscle function neuromuscular electrical stimulation neuromuscular junction stability

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Patient-Generated Data Analytics of Health Behaviors of People Living with Type 2 Diabetes: Scoping Review

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JMIR Diabetes 2021年第4期6卷 e29027页

作者： Nagpal, Meghan S. Barbaric, Antonia Sherifali, Diana Morita, Plinio P. Cafazzo, Joseph A. Institute of Health Policy Management and Evaluation University of Toronto Toronto ON Canada Centre for Global eHealth Innovation Techna Institute University Health Network Toronto ON Canada Institute of Biomedical Engineering University of Toronto Toronto ON Canada School of Nursing McMaster University Hamilton ON Canada School of Public Health and Health Systems University of Waterloo Waterloo ON Canada Department of Computer Science University of Toronto Toronto ON Canada

Background: Complications due to type 2 diabetes (T2D) can be mitigated through proper self-management that can positively change health behaviors. Technological tools are available to help people living with, or at risk of developing, T2D to manage their condition, and such tools provide a large repository of patient-generated health data (PGHD). Analytics can provide insights into the health behaviors of people living with T2D. Objective: The aim of this review is to investigate what can be learned about the health behaviors of those living with, or at risk of developing, T2D through analytics from PGHD. Methods: A scoping review using the Arksey and O’Malley framework was conducted in which a comprehensive search of the literature was conducted by 2 reviewers. In all, 3 electronic databases (PubMed, IEEE Xplore, and ACM Digital Library) were searched using keywords associated with diabetes, behaviors, and analytics. Several rounds of screening using predetermined inclusion and exclusion criteria were conducted, after which studies were selected. Critical examination took place through a descriptive-analytical narrative method, and data extracted from the studies were classified into thematic categories. These categories reflect the findings of this study as per our objective. Results: We identified 43 studies that met the inclusion criteria for this review. Although 70% (30/43) of the studies examined PGHD independently, 30% (13/43) combined PGHD with other data sources. Most of these studies used machine learning algorithms to perform their analysis. The themes identified through this review include predicting diabetes or obesity, deriving factors that contribute to diabetes or obesity, obtaining insights from social media or web-based forums, predicting glycemia, improving adherence and outcomes, analyzing sedentary behaviors, deriving behavior patterns, discovering clinical correlations from behaviors, and developing design principles. Conclusions: The increas

关键词： Artificial intelligence Big data Data science Health behavior Machine learning Mobile phone Obesity management Patient-generated health data Type 2 diabetes

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