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Living in the Internet of Things: Cybersecurity of the IoT - 2018

作者： Mavroudis, Vasilios Veale, Michael Dept. of Computer Science University College London United Kingdom Dept. of Science Technology Engineering and Public Policy University College London United Kingdom

ISBN: (纸本)9781785617911

Physical retailers, who once led the way in tracking with loyalty cards and ‘reverse appends’, now lag behind online competitors. Yet we might be seeing these tables turn, as many increasingly deploy technologies ranging from simple sensors to advanced emotion detection systems, even enabling them to tailor prices and shopping experiences on a per-customer basis. Here, we examine these in-store tracking technologies in the retail context, and evaluate them from both technical and regulatory standpoints. We first introduce the relevant technologies in context, before considering privacy impacts, the current remedies individuals might seek through technology and the law, and those remedies’ limitations. To illustrate challenging tensions in this space we consider the feasibility of technical and legal approaches to both a) the recent ‘Go’ store concept from Amazon which requires fine-grained, multi-modal tracking to function as a shop;and b) current challenges in opting in or out of increasingly pervasive passive Wi-Fi tracking. The ‘Go’ store presents significant challenges with its legality in Europe significantly unclear and unilateral, technical measures to avoid biometric tracking likely ineffective. In the case of MAC addresses, we see a difficult-to-reconcile clash between privacy-as-confidentiality and privacy-as-control, and suggest a technical framework which might help balance the two. Significant challenges exist when seeking to balance personalisation with privacy, and researchers must work together, including across the boundaries of preferred privacy definitions, to come up with solutions that draw on both technology and the legal frameworks to provide effective and proportionate protection. Retailers, simultaneously, must ensure that their tracking is not just legal, but worthy of the trust of concerned data subjects. © 2018 Institution of engineering and Technology. All rights reserved.

关键词： Data privacy

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Exposure-associated DNA methylation among people exposed to multiple industrial pollutants

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Clinical epigenetics 2024年第1期16卷 111页

作者： Chi-Hsin Sally Chen Tzu-Hsuen Yuan Tzu-Pin Lu Hsin-Ying Lee Yi-Hsuen Chen Liang-Chuan Lai Mong-Hsun Tsai Eric Y Chuang Chang-Chuan Chan Institute of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences College of Public Health National Taiwan University Taipei Taiwan. Department of Health and Welfare College of City Management University of Taipei Taipei Taiwan. Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine College of Public Health National Taiwan University Taipei Taiwan. Institute of Health Data Analytics and Statistics College of Public Health National Taiwan University Taipei Taiwan. Graduate Institute of Physiology College of Medicine National Taiwan University Taipei Taiwan. Institute of Biotechnology College of Bio-Resources and Agriculture National Taiwan University Taipei Taiwan. Department of Electrical Engineering College of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science National Taiwan University Taipei Taiwan. chuangey@ntu.edu.tw. Biomedical Technology and Device Research Laboratories Industrial Technology Research Institute Hsinchu Taiwan. chuangey@ntu.edu.tw. Research and Development Center for Medical Devices National Taiwan University Taipei Taiwan. chuangey@ntu.edu.tw. Graduate Institute of Biomedical Electronics and Bioinformatics National Taiwan University Taipei Taiwan. chuangey@ntu.edu.tw. Institute of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences College of Public Health National Taiwan University Taipei Taiwan. ccchan@ntu.edu.tw.

BACKGROUND:Current research on the epigenetic repercussions of exposure to a combination of pollutants is limited. This study aims to discern DNA methylation probes associated with exposure to multiple pollutants, serving as early effect markers, and single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) as surrogate indicators for population susceptibility. The investigation involved the analysis of urine exposure biomarkers for 11 heavy metals (vanadium, arsenic, mercury, cadmium, chromium, nickel, lead, manganese, copper, strontium, thallium), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAHs) (1-hydroxypyrene), genome-wide DNA methylation sequencing, and SNPs array on all study participants. The data were integrated with metabolomics information and analyzed both at a community level based on proximity to home addresses relative to the complex and at an individual level based on exposure biomarker concentrations. RESULTS:On a community level, 67 exposure-related CpG probes were identified, while 70 CpG probes were associated with urine arsenic concentration, 2 with mercury, and 46 with vanadium on an individual level. These probes were annotated to genes implicated in cancers and chronic kidney disease. Weighted quantile sum regression analysis revealed that vanadium, mercury, and 1-hydroxypyrene contributed the most to cg08238319 hypomethylation. cg08238319 is annotated to the aryl hydrocarbon receptor repressor (AHRR) gene, and AHRR hypomethylation was correlated with an elevated risk of lung cancer. AHRR was further linked to deregulations in phenylalanine metabolism, alanine, aspartate, and glutamate metabolism, along with heightened oxidative stress. Additionally, three SNPs (rs11085020, rs199442, and rs10947050) corresponding to exposure-related CpG probes exhibited significant interaction effects with multiple heavy metals and PAHs exposure, and have been implicated in cancer progression and respiratory diseases. CONCLUSION:Our findings underscore the pivotal role of AHRR methylatio

关键词： DNA methylation Gene-environment interaction Heavy metals PAHs Petrochemical industry SNPs

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On Accelerated Testing for COVID-19 Using Group Testing

arXiv

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arXiv 2020年

作者： Narayanan, Krishna R. Heidarzadeh, Anoosheh Laxminarayan, Ramanan Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Texas A&M University College StationTX77843 United States Center for Disease Dynamics Economics & Policy Silver SpringMD20910 United States Department of Global Health University of Washington SeattleWA98104 United States Princeton Environment Institute Princeton University PrincetonNJ08544 United States

COVID-19 has resulted in a global health crisis that may become even more acute over the upcoming months. One of the main reasons behind the current rapid growth of COVID-19 in the U.S. population is the limited availability of testing kits and the relatively-high cost of screening tests. In this draft, we demonstrate the effectiveness of group testing (pooling) ideas to accelerate testing for COVID-19. This draft is semi-tutorial in nature and is written for a broad audience with interest in mathematical formulations relevant to COVID-19 testing. Therefore, ideas are presented through illustrative examples rather than through purely theoretical formulations. The focus is also on pools of size less than 64 such as what is practical with current RT-PCR technology. Copyright © 2020, The Authors. All rights reserved.

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A real-world demonstration of machine learning generalizability: Intracranial hemorrhage detection on head CT

arXiv

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arXiv 2021年

作者： Salehinejad, Hojjat Kitamura, Jumpei Ditkofsky, Noah Lin, Amy Bharatha, Aditya Suthiphosuwan, Suradech Lin, Hui-Ming Wilson, Jefferson R. Mamdani, Muhammad Colak, Errol Li Ka Shing Centre for Healthcare Analytics Research & Training St. Michael’s Hospital Toronto Canada Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering University of Toronto Toronto Canada Fujisawa-city Kanagawa Japan Department of Medical Imaging St. Michael’s Hospital Unity Health Toronto Toronto Canada Faculty of Medicine University of Toronto Toronto Canada Division of Neurosurgery Department of Surgery University of Toronto Toronto Canada Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy University of Toronto Toronto Canada Dalla Lana Faculty of Public Health University of Toronto Toronto Canada

Machine learning (ML) holds great promise in transforming healthcare. While published studies have shown the utility of ML models in interpreting medical imaging examinations, these are often evaluated under laboratory settings. The importance of real world evaluation is best illustrated by case studies that have documented successes and failures in the translation of these models into clinical environments. A key prerequisite for the clinical adoption of these technologies is demonstrating generalizable ML model performance under real world circumstances. The purpose of this study was to demonstrate that ML model generalizability is achievable in medical imaging with the detection of intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) on non-contrast computed tomography (CT) scans serving as the use case. An ML model was trained using 21,784 scans from the RSNA Intracranial Hemorrhage CT dataset while generalizability was evaluated using an external validation dataset obtained from our busy trauma and neurosurgical center. This real world external validation dataset consisted of every unenhanced head CT scan (n = 5,965) performed in our emergency department in 2019 without exclusion. The model demonstrated an AUC of 98.4%, sensitivity of 98.8%, and specificity of 98.0%, on the test dataset. On external validation, the model demonstrated an AUC of 95.4%, sensitivity of 91.3%, and specificity of 94.1%. Evaluating the ML model using a real world external validation dataset that is temporally and geographically distinct from the training dataset indicates that ML generalizability is achievable in medical imaging applications. Copyright © 2021, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Medical imaging

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Effect of number of versions on receiving high citations

TechRxiv

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TechRxiv 2020年

作者： Ale Ebrahim, Nader Salehi, Hadi Mohammadjafari, Marjan Embi, Mohamed Amin Bakhtiyari, Kaveh Danaee, Mahmoud Shakiba, Masoud Shahbazi-Moghadam, Masoomeh Zavvari, Azam Department of Industrial Engineering Faculty of Engineering Kerman Branch Islamic Azad University Kerman Iran Faculty of Literature and Humanities Najafabad Branch Islamic Azad University Isfahan Najafabad Iran Bangi 43600 Malaysia Department of Computer & Cognitive Science Facultyof Engineering University of Duisburg-Essen Duisburg Germany Department of Electrical Electronics and Systems Engineering Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Bangi Malaysia University of Malaya Malaysia Faculty of Agriculture Roudehen Branch Islamic Azad University Roudehen Iran Center for Software Technology and Management Faculty of Information Science and Technology Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia UKM Bangi Selangor 43600 Malaysia Perdana School of Science Technology and Innovation Policy Universiti Teknologi Malaysia Malaysia

Nowadays, the h-index is an index that attempts to measure both the productivity and impact of the published work of a scientist or scholar. The index is based upon the set of the scientist's most cited papers and the number of citations that they have received in other publications. Besides, the most commonly used measure of journal quality is Impact Factor. This is a number which attempts to measure the impact of a journal in terms of the average number of citations to recent articles published in the journal. So, receiving more citation is very important for authors and journals to get high h-index and impact factor. In this paper, we tried to analyses the effect of the number of available version from the web on receive more citations. We analyzed 10162 papers which are published in Scopus database in year 2010. Then we developed a software to collect the number of citations and versions of each paper from Google Scholar automatically. The results show that … © 2020, CC BY.

关键词： Indexing (of information)

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Evaluating the effectiveness of electric vehicle subsidies in Canada

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Procedia computer Science 2019年 155卷 519-526页

作者： Zachary Thorne Larry Hughes MASc Candidate Electrical & Computer Engineering Dalhousie University 6299 South St Halifax NS B3H 4R2 Canada Founding Fellow at the MacEachen Institute of Public Policy Dalhousie University 6299 South St Halifax NS B3H 4R2 Canada

The electrification of transportation has been identified as a necessary aspect of climate change mitigation in order to limit global temperatures to 1.5°C above pre-industrial levels and prevent potentially catastrophic effects on the environment. Despite this, in Canada and most other developed countries, consumers have been slow to adopt electric vehicles. In March of 2019, to encourage increased adoption of electric vehicles, the government of Canada announced a new federal EV subsidy program that will offer a rebate of up to $5000 on the purchase of zero-emission vehicles. When evaluating the costs and benefits of such a program, it is important to consider that the magnitude of emissions reductions achieved through EV subsidies relates to the emissions intensity of the electricity used to power the EV. In this paper, the cost-effectiveness of achieving emissions reductions through EV subsidy programs is evaluated with respect to each provincial electricity system in Canada. These results were then used to compare the cost-efficiency of EV subsidies to other investments in climate change mitigation initiatives, and ultimately decide whether EV subsidies are feasible to implement in any of Canada’s provinces.

关键词： electric vehicles EV subsidies sustainable energy policy climate change mitigation

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Combating Food Insecurity with Large Scale Aquaponics: A Case Study in Silicon Valley

Combating Food Insecurity with Large Scale Aquaponics: A Cas...

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IEEE Global Humanitarian Technology Conference (GHTC)

作者： Riley Albright-Borden Petra Nelken Sophia Sparagana Sydney Thompson James Wang Laura Doyle Hohyun Lee Michele T. Parker Sarah Kate Wilson Mechanical Engineering Santa Clara University Santa Clara CA Public Health Santa Clara University Santa Clara CA Electrical & Computer Engineering Santa Clara University Santa Clara CA Civil Environmental Sustainable Engineering Santa Clara University Santa Clara CA

ISBN: (数字)9781728117805

ISBN: (纸本)9781728117812

Food insecurity affects 20 percent of residents in wealthy Santa Clara County, California. To combat this inequity, an aquaponics system was designed in partnership with a local soup kitchen and urban farm to increase produce yield and meal nutrition. The system consists of ninety feet of growing space, a 600 gallon fish pond, and sensors to measure water quality. The fish waste will fertilize the plants while the plants remove chemicals and oxygenate the water for the fish, and nitrifying bacteria convert the ammonia into nitrate to nourish the plants. This quality, low-maintenance, closed-loop system should significantly reduce water usage compared to traditional farming and should improve the efficiency and sustainability of the current farm.

关键词： Fish Temperature measurement Media Sensor systems Solar panels Conferences

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Power system dispatch with electrochemical energy storage

arXiv

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arXiv 2019年

作者： He, Guannan Kar, Soummya Mohammadi, Javad Moutis, Panayiotis Whitacre, Jay F. Department of Engineering and Public Policy Wilton E. Scott Institute for Energy Innovation Carnegie Mellon University PittsburghPA15213 United States Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Carnegie Mellon University PittsburghPA15213 United States MIT Energy Initiative Massachusetts Institute of Technology CambridgeMA02139 United States

Electrochemical energy storage (EES) is essential for the future smart grid. The inevitable cell degradation renders the EES lifetime volatile and highly dependent on EES dispatch, and thus incurs opportunity cost. This paper rigorously derives the marginal degradation cost of EES for power system dispatch. The derived optimal marginal degradation cost is time-variant to reflect the time value of money and the functionality fade of EES and takes the form of a constant value divided by a discount factor plus a term related to EES state of health. In case studies, we demonstrate the evolution of the optimal marginal costs of degradation that corresponds to the optimal long-term dispatch outcome. We also show that the optimal marginal cost of degradation depends on the marginal cost of generation in the grid. Copyright © 2019, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Electric load dispatching

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The Performance of Correlation-Based Support Vector Machine in Illiteracy Dataset 2

The Performance of Correlation-Based Support Vector Machine ...

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2nd East Indonesia Conference on computer and Information Technology, EIConCIT 2018

作者： Gunawan, Indra Widyaningtyas, Triyanna Wibawa, Aji Prasetya Haviluddin Darusalam, Darusalam Pranolo, Andri Department of Electrical Engineering State University of Malang Malang Indonesia Department of Computer Science Mulawarman University Samarinda Indonesia Department of Technology Policy and Management Delft University of Technology Delft Netherlands College of Computer and Information Engineering Hohai University Nanjing China

ISBN: (纸本)9781538680483

SVM method performs a non-linear mapping of original data space into a high-dimensional feature space. The construction of linear discrimination function is useful for replacing the non-linear function in the original data space. This paper aims to efficiently explore the accuracy of SVM with the feature selection method. The selected feature selection method is Correlation-based Feature Selection (CFS), due to the approach's simplicity and speed. This research used an illiteracy rate dataset in Indonesia. The research result showed that the optimised method has overcome the original SVM, with 94 % of accuracy. © 2018 IEEE.

关键词： Support vector machines

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arXiv

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arXiv 2020年

作者： Li, Jiashuo Zhou, Sili Wei, Wendong Qi, Jianchuan Li, Yumeng Chen, Bin Zhang, Ning Guan, Dabo Qian, Haoqi Wu, Xiaohui Miao, Jiawen Chen, Long Liang, Sai Feng, Kuishuang Institute of Blue and Green Development Shandong University Weihai264209 State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion School of Energy and Power Engineering Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan430074 China School of International and Public Affairs Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai200030 China State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control School of Environment Beijing Normal University Beijing100875 China Laboratory of Anthropogenic Systems Ecology College of Engineering Peking University Beijing100871 China Department of Earth System Science Tsinghua University Beijing100871 China Institute for Global Public Policy Fudan University Shanghai200433 China School of Optical-Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Shanghai for Science and Technology Shanghai200093 China Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science Ministry of Education School of Geographic Sciences East China Normal University Shanghai200241 China

China has implemented retrofitting measures in coal-fired power plants (CFPPs) to reduce air pollution through small unit shutdown (SUS), the installation of air pollution control devices (APCDs) and power generation efficiency (PGE) improvement. The reductions in highly toxic Hg emissions and their related health impacts by these measures have not been well studied. To refine mitigation options, we evaluated the health benefits of reduced Hg emissions via retrofitting measures during China's 12th Five-Year Plan by combining plant-level Hg emission inventories with the China Hg Risk Source-Tracking Model. We found that the measures reduced Hg emissions by 23.5 tons (approximately 1/5 of that from CFPPs in 2010), preventing 0.0021 points of per-foetus intelligence quotient (IQ) decrements and 114 deaths from fatal heart attacks. These benefits were dominated by CFPP shutdowns and APCD installations. Provincial health benefits were largely attributable to Hg reductions in other regions. We also demonstrated the necessity of considering human health impacts, rather than just Hg emission reductions, in selecting Hg control devices. This study also suggests that Hg control strategies should consider various factors, such as CFPP locations, population densities and trade-offs between reductions of total Hg (THg) and Hg2+. Copyright © 2020, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Fossil fuel power plants

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