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Human Machine Interface with Wearable Electronics Using Biodegradable Triboelectric Films for Calligraphy Practice and Correction

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Nano-Micro Letters 2022年第12期14卷 630-644页

作者： Shen Shen Jia Yi Zhongda Sun Zihao Guo Tianyiyi He Liyun Ma Huimin Li Jiajia Fu Chengkuo Lee Zhong Lin Wang Jiangsu Engineering Technology Research Center for Functional Textiles Jiangnan UniversityNo.1800 Lihu AvenueWuxiP.R.China Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering National University of Singapore4 Engineering Drive 3Singapore 117576Singapore CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience Beijing Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Energy and SensorBeijing Institute of Nanoenergy and NanosystemsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100083P.R.China China National Textile and Apparel Council Key Laboratory of Natural Dyes Soochow UniversitySuzhou 215123People’s Republic of China School of Material Science and Engineering Georgia Institute of TechnologyAtlantaGA 30332-0245USA

Letter handwriting,especially stroke correction,is of great importance for recording languages and expressing and exchanging ideas for individual behavior and the *** this study,a biodegradable and conductive carboxymethyl chitosan-silk fibroin(CSF)film is prepared to design wearable triboelectric nanogenerator(denoted as CSF-TENG),which outputs of V_(oc)≈165 V,I_(sc)≈1.4μA,and Q_(sc)≈72 mW cm^(−2).Further,in vitro biodegradation of CSF film is performed through trypsin and *** results show that trypsin and lysozyme have stable and favorable biodegradation properties,removing 63.1%of CSF film after degrading for 11 ***,the CSF-TENG-based human-machine interface(HMI)is designed to promptly track writing steps and access the accuracy of letters,resulting in a straightforward communication media of human and *** CSF-TENG-based HMI can automatically recognize and correct three representative letters(F,H,and K),which is benefited by HMI system for data processing and *** CSF-TENG-based HMI can make decisions for the next stroke,highlighting the stroke in advance by replacing it with red,which can be a candidate for calligraphy practice and ***,various demonstrations are done in real-time to achieve virtual and real-world controls including writing,vehicle movements,and healthcare.

关键词： Letter handwriting Triboelectric nanogenerator Biodegradable Human-machine interface Calligraphy practice

Hot-electron-injection-induced symmetry breaking in bilayer MoS2 probed by second-harmonic generation

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Guan, Zhizi Peng, Zhiwei Srolovitz, David J. Khurgin, Jacob Lei, Dangyuan Department of Mechanical Engineering The University of Hong Kong Pokfulam Road Hong Kong Department of Materials Science and Engineering Centre for Functional Photonics Hong Kong Branch of National Precious Metals Material Engineering Research Centre City University of Hong Kong Hong Kong Electrical and Computer Engineering Department Johns Hopkins University BaltimoreMD United States

Symmetry governs the selection rules of light-matter interactions in crystalline materials, making symmetry manipulation a powerful tool for tuning their optical properties. Here, we demonstrate that the hot-electron injection from a plasmonic resonator breaks the centrosymmtry of an adjacent transition metal dichalcogenide bilayer, probed via second-harmonic generation (SHG) in a Au-nanoparticle@bilayer-MoS2@Au-film hybrid system. Power-dependent SHG measurements exhibit saturation behavior, consistent with a capacitor model where interfacial charge accumulation creates a dynamic barrier limiting further electron injection. Polarization-resolved SHG measurements reveal anisotropic second-order susceptibility response under hot-electron injection, where the contrast between different susceptibility components provides a quantitative measure of symmetry-breaking anisotropy. First-principles calculations elucidate the nonlinear optical responses evolution in bilayer MoS2 and comfirm the anisotropic modification of susceptibility components under hot-electron injection, modeled by a perpendicular electric field. Our work establishes SHG as an effective probe of hot-electron-induced symmetry breaking in 2D materials, demonstrating a promising approach for ultrafast manipulation of material properties through controlled charge injection at the nanoscale. Copyright © 2025, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Nonlinear optics

Importance of Gas Heating in Capacitively Coupled Radiofrequency Plasma-assisted Synthesis of Carbon Nanomaterials

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Nikhar, Tanvi Basu, Sankhadeep Abe, Shota Yatom, Shurik Raitses, Yevgeny Anthony, Rebecca Baryshev, Sergey V. Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Michigan State University MI48824 United States Department of Chemical Engineering and Material Science Michigan State University MI48824 United States Department of Mechanical Engineering Michigan State University MI48824 United States Discovery Plasma Science Department Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory NJ08542 United States

In pursuit of diamond nanoparticles, a capacitively-coupled radio frequency (CCRF) flow-through plasma reactor was operated with methane-argon gas mixtures. Signatures of the final product obtained microscopically and spectroscopically indicated that the product was an amorphous form of graphite. This result was consistent irrespective of combinations of the macroscopic reactor settings. To explain the observed synthesis output, measurements of C2 and gas properties were carried out by laser-induced fluorescence and optical emission spectroscopy. Strikingly, the results indicated a strong gas temperature gradient of 100 K per mm from the center of the reactor to the wall. Based on additional plasma imaging, a model of hot constricted region (filamentation region) was then formulated. It illustrated that, while the hot constricted region was present, the bulk of the gas was not hot enough to facilitate diamond sp3 formation: characterized by much lower reaction rates, when compared to sp2, sp3 formation kinetics are expected to become exponentially slow. This result was further confirmed by experiments under identical conditions but with a H2/CH4 mixture, where no output material was detected: if graphitic sp2 formation was expected as the main output material from the methane feedstock, atomic hydrogen would then be expected to etch it away in situ, such that the net production of that sp2-hybridized solid material is nearly a zero. © 2024, CC BY.

关键词： Methane

A New Racetrack Faims Analyzer for Both High-Resolution and High-Sensitive Analysis

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SSRN

SSRN 2024年

作者： Fu, Shoushuai Wang, Chenlu Li, Junhui Yu, Jiancheng Tang, Keqi Institute of Mass Spectrometry Zhejiang Engineering Research Center of Advanced Mass spectrometry and Clinical Application Ningbo University Ningbo315211 China Zhenhai Institute of Mass Spectrometry Ningbo315211 China Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Ningbo University Ningbo315211 China School of Material Science and Chemical Engineering Ningbo University Ningbo315211 China

A new racetrack field-asymmetric waveform ion mobility spectrometry (r-FAIMS) analyzer was developed in this study by combining the existing planar FAIMS (p-FAIMS) and cylindrical FAIMS (c-FAIMS). The ion inlet and outlet region of r-FAIMS were consisted of a half of the c-FAIMS, respectively, and these c-FAIMS were further connected by two p-FAIMS to form a racetrack shaped FAIMS. With such FAIMS working electrode configuration, ions entering the r-FAIMS can be focused and separated in the first c-FAIMS section, be further separated in the p-FAIMS section with high-resolution, be focused and separated again in the final c-FAIMS section and eventually enter the mass spectrometer or other analyzers as a compact ion packet. Detailed simulation by using SIMION with the default FAIMS user program showed that the ion focusing effect in the first c-FAIMS section ensures ions entering the following p-FAIMS section as a compact ion packet. This effectively decreases the ion loss caused by Coulomb repulsion and thermal diffusion in p-FAIMS section as compared to the ions being introduced into the p-FAIMS gap randomly in the conventional design. As a result, the ion transmission efficiency of r-FAIMS is at least 3.3-fold higher than the single p-FAIMS under the operating conditions used in this study. The ion trajectory simulation results also showed that the resolving power of r-FAIMS was about the sum of the resolving powers for its c-FAIMS and p-FAIMS sections. The resolving power of r-FAIMS is at least 3.6-fold higher than the single c-FAIMS under the operation conditions used in this study. Therefore, the r-FAIMS can realize both high-resolution and high-sensitive ion mobility separation. © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Ions

Electric-field-induced domain walls in wurtzite ferroelectrics

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arXiv 2023年

作者： Wang, Ding Wang, Danhao Molla, Mahlet Liu, Yujie Yang, Samuel Hu, Mingtao Liu, Jiangnan Wu, Yuanpeng Ma, Tao Kioupakis, Emmanouil Mi, Zetian Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science University of Michigan Ann Arbor48109 United States Department of Material Science and Engineering University of Michigan Ann Arbor48109 United States Michigan Center for Materials Characterization University of Michigan Ann Arbor48109 United States

Wurtzite ferroelectrics possess transformative potential for next-generation microelectronics. A comprehensive understanding of their ferroelectric properties and domain energetics is crucial for tailoring their ferroelectric characteristics and exploiting their functional properties in practical devices. Despite burgeoning interest, the exact configurations, and electronic structures of the domain walls in wurtzite ferroelectrics remain elusive. In this work, we elucidate the atomic configurations and electronic properties of electric-field-induced domain walls in ferroelectric ScGaN. By combining transmission electron microscopy and theoretical calculations, a novel charged domain wall with a buckled two-dimensional hexagonal phase is revealed. The dangling bonds associated with these domain walls give rise to unprecedented metallic-like mid-gap states within the forbidden band. Quantitative analysis further unveils a universal charge-compensation mechanism stabilizing antipolar domain walls in ferroelectric materials, wherein the polarization discontinuity at the 180ºdomain wall is compensated by the dangling bond electrons. Furthermore, the reconfigurable conductivity of these domain walls is experimentally demonstrated, showcasing their potential for ultra-scaled device applications. Our findings represent a pivotal advancement in understanding the structural and electronic properties of wurtzite ferroelectric domain walls and lay the groundwork for fundamental physics studies and device applications. Copyright © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Dangling bonds

Toward ultrahigh efficiency GaN nano and micro full-color LEDs 27

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Toward ultrahigh efficiency GaN nano and micro full-color LE...

27th International Display Workshops, IDW 2020

作者： Mi, Zetian Liu, Xianhe Wu, Yuanpeng Sun, Yi Malhotra, Yakshita Ra, Yong-Ho Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science University of Michigan Ann ArborMI48109 United States Optic and Electronic Component Material Center Korea Institute of Ceramic Engineering and Technology Jinju52851 Korea Republic of

Using the selective area epitaxy technique, we have demonstrated nanowire emitters with controlled diameter, position, and emission wavelength. Furthermore, monolithic integration of multicolor emission and photonic crystal structure are realized, which allows for ultimately small multicolor nano-LEDs and micro-LEDs with emission properties tailored by the photonic crystal, as well as surface emitting lasers. © 2020 ITE and SID.

关键词： Crystal structure

Optical Propulsion and Levitation of Metajets

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Kudtarkar, Kaushik Chen, Yixin Cai, Ziqiang Cunha, Preston Wang, Xinyi Lin, Sam Wong, Zi Jing Liu, Yongmin Lan, Shoufeng Department of Mechanical Engineering Texas A&M University College StationTX United States Department of Material Science and Engineering Texas A&M University College StationTX United States Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering Northeastern University BostonMA United States Department of Aerospace Engineering Texas A&M University College StationTX United States Department of Mechanical Engineering & Industrial Engineering Northeastern University BostonMA United States Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering Texas A&M University College StationTX United States

The quintessential hallmark distinguishing metasurfaces from traditional optical components is the engineering of subwavelength meta-atoms to manipulate light at will. Enabling this freedom, in a reverse manner, to control objects constituted by metasurfaces could expand our capability of optical manipulation to go beyond the predominant microscopic and sub-microscopic scales. Here, we introduce a driving metaphotonic force fully controllable by meta-atoms to manipulate structured objects named metajets. Upon Newton’s law of motion that can apply to classical and relativistic mechanics, we develop a first-principles theory to analyze optical forces generated by refraction and reflection at an interface. We find that three-dimensional motions of metajets would be possible if one could introduce an extra wavevector component. We achieve that by creating a spatially distributed phase gradient with deliberately arranged silicon nanopillars. Our experiments and simulations reveal an in-plane propulsion and, very importantly, out-of-plane levitation of the metajets, aligning well with the theory. We also find that the metaphotonic force augments with increased light power but is not limited by the size of metajets, which could unleash new opportunities for metaphotonic control in large settings, such as interstellar light sails. © 2025, CC BY.

关键词： Aircraft propulsion

Large tuning of the optical properties of nanoscale NdNiO3 via electron doping

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Jin, Yeonghoon Qu, Teng Kumar, Siddharth Kubzdela, Nicola Tsai, Cheng-Chia De Li, Tai Ramanathan, Shriram Yu, Nanfang Kats, Mikhail A. Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Wisconsin-Madison Wisconsin53706 United States Department of Applied Physics and Applied Mathematics Columbia University New York10027 United States Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Rutgers The State University of New Jersey New Jersey08854 United States CUNY Graduate Center Advanced Science Research Center New York11201 United States Department of Material Science and Engineering University of Wisconsin-Madison Wisconsin53706 United States

We synthesized crystalline films of neodymium nickel oxide (NdNiO3), a perovskite quantum material, switched the films from a metal phase (intrinsic) into an insulator phase (electron-doped) by field-driven lithium-ion intercalation, and characterized their structural and optical properties. Time-of-flight secondary-ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS) showed that the intercalation process resulted in a gradient of the dopant concentration along the thickness direction of the films, turning the films into insulator-metal bilayers. We used variable-angle spectroscopic ellipsometry to measure the complex refractive indices of the metallic and insulating phases of NdNiO3. The insulator phase has a refractive index of n ~ 2 and low absorption in the visible and near infrared, and analysis of the complex refractive indices indicated that the band gap of the insulating phase is roughly 3-4 eV. electrical control of the optical band gap, with corresponding large changes to the optical refractive indices, creates new opportunities for tunable optics. Copyright © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Energy gap

Model Based Analysis of Low Frequency Metamaterial For Efficient Wireless Power Transfer

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Model Based Analysis of Low Frequency Metamaterial For Effic...

IEEE Conference on Vehicle Power and Propulsion (VPPC)

作者： Webster Adepoju Indranil Bhattacharya Charles Van Neste Olufunke Mary Sanyaolu Abiodun Olatunji Trapa Banik Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Tennessee Technological University Cookeville TN USA Department of Material Science Tennessee Technological University Cookeville TN USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781665475884

The concern with reliability associated with the adoption of Wireless Power Transfer (WPT) system as an alternative power transmission mechanism stems from insufficient output power, weak magnetic coupling, and low power transfer efficiency (PTE), especially for power transfer over wide operating range. Besides, the inherently high microwave and radio frequency of existing metamaterials (MM) engenders high switching loss, enormous power dissipation, increased thermal management burden coupled with deep degradation in power transfer efficiency. This manuscript presents a low frequency MM coupled with an equivalent circuit model for emulating the transfer characteristics of an MM-based WPT system. While some methods, including interference theory and effective medium theory have been exploited to explain the physics mechanism of MM-based WPT systems, some of the reactive parameters and the basic physical interpretation have not been clearly expounded. In contrast to existing theoretical models, the proposed approach focuses on the effect of the system parameters and transfer coils on the system transfer characteristics coupled with its effectiveness in analyzing complex circuit. electromagnetic simulation and Numerical solution of the system transfer function is performed in ANSYS HFSS and MATLAB, respectively. A prototype proof of concept is fabricated for experimental analysis. The measurement results shows good agreement with numerical solution, thus validating the accuracy of the analytical model.

关键词： Analytical models Simulation Resonant frequency Switching loss Wireless power transfer Mathematical models Metamaterials