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arXiv 2024年

作者： Rudie, Justin Amoah, Sylvester Wang, Xiaoxin Kumar, Rajesh Abernathy, Grey Akwabli, Steven Grant, Perry C. Liu, Jifeng Li, Baohua Du, Wei Yu, Shui-Qing Material Science and Engineering University of Arkansas FayettevilleAR72701 United States Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science University of Arkansas FayettevilleAR72701 United States Thayer School of Engineering Dartmouth College HanoverNH03755 United States Arktonics LLC 1339 S. Pinnacle Dr. FayettevilleAR72701 United States Materials Science & Engineering Program University of Arkansas FayettevilleAR72701 United States Institute for Nanoscience and Engineering University of Arkansas FayettevilleAR72701 United States

We demonstrate monolithically grown germanium-tin (GeSn) on silicon avalanche photodiodes (APDs) for infrared light detection. A relatively thinner Ge buffer design was adopted to allow effective photo carriers to transport from the GeSn absorber to the Si multiplication layer such that clear punch-through behavior and a saturated primary responsivity of 0.3 A/W at 1550 nm were observed before avalanche breakdown in GeSn/Si APDs for the first time. The spectral response covers 1500 to 1700 nm. The measured punch-through and breakdown voltages are 15 and 17 V, respectively. Undisputed multiplication gain was obtained with the maximum value of 4.5 at 77 K, and 1.4 at 250 K, directly in reference to the saturated primary responsivity from the same device rather than a different GeSn p-i-n photodiode in previous reports. A peak responsivity was measured as 1.12 A/W at 1550 nm and 77 K. © 2024, CC0.

关键词： Avalanche photodiodes

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Disruptive engineering and Education in Emerging Economies: Challenges and Prospects

Disruptive Engineering and Education in Emerging Economies: ...

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2020 IFEES World engineering Education Forum - Global engineering Deans Council, WEEF-GEDC 2020

作者： Musa, Abdulwaheed Alabi, Abdul G. F. Kwara State University Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Malete Nigeria Kwara State University Department of Material Science and Engineering Malete Nigeria

ISBN: (纸本)9781728197562

A plethora of literature have existed on disruptive technologies revealing its relevance in academia and application in the field of engineering education. The directions of possible problems of the application in the field of engineering education however are still obscured despite the abundant available literature with different opinions and inconsistent results which necessitates a review to harmonize the challenges and prospects to ensure continuity of study during this COVID-19 health crisis in emerging economies. In this work, disruptive engineering education in emerging economies is thus investigated and reviewed, and the challenges and prospects are examined and presented. The work also presents the emerging trends in disruptive engineering, proposes some solutions to overcome the key challenges by giving some novel recommendations on technical requirements and potential enablers. © 2020 IEEE.

关键词： COVID-19

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A lightweight detection algorithm for tooth cracks in optical images

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computers in Biology and Medicine 2024年 182卷 109153-109153页

作者： Xie, Zewen Hu, Xian Guo, Lide Lin, Weiren Liu, Jiakun Zhang, Chunliang Ge, Guanghua Tang, Yadong Wang, Wenlong School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering Guangzhou University Guangzhou510006 China School of Physics and Material Science Guangzhou University Guangzhou510006 China School of Computer Science and Cyber Engineeringe Guangzhou University Guangzhou510006 China Department of Dentistry Hospital of Guangdong University of Technology Guangdong University of Technology Guangzhou510006 China School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences Guangdong University of Technology Guangzhou510006 China

Objectives: Cracked tooth syndrome (CTS) is one of the major causes of tooth loss, presents the problem of early microcrack symptoms that are difficult to distinguish. This paper aims to investigate the practicality and feasibility of an improved object detection algorithm for automatically detecting cracks in dental optical images. Methods: A total of 286 teeth were obtained from Sun Yat-sen University and Guangdong University of Technology, and simulated cracks were generated using thermal expansion and contraction. Over 3000 images of cracked teeth were collected, including 360 real clinical images. To make the model more lightweight and better suited for deployment on embedded devices, this paper improves the YOLOv8 model for detecting tooth cracks through model pruning and backbone replacement. Additionally, the impact of image enhancement modules and coordinate attention modules on optimizing our model was analyzed. Results: Through experimental validation, we conclude that that model pruning reduction maintains performance better than replacing a lightweight backbone network on a tooth crack detection task. This approach achieved a reduction in parameters and GFLOPs by 16.8 % and 24.3 %, respectively, with minimal impact on performance. These results affirm the effectiveness of the proposed method in identifying and labeling tooth fractures. In addition, this paper demonstrated that the impact of image enhancement modules and coordinate attention mechanisms on YOLOv8's performance in the task of tooth crack detection was minimal. Conclusions: An improved object detection algorithm has been proposed to reduce model parameters. This lightweight model is easier to deploy and holds potential for assisting dentists in identifying cracks on tooth surfaces. © 2024 Elsevier Ltd

关键词： YOLOv8 Object detection Optical image Cracked tooth detection Lightweight algorithm

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Emergent Ferromagnetism in CaRuO₃/CaMnO₃ (111)-Oriented Superlattices

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Nano Letters 2024年第8期24卷 2567-2573页

作者： Kane, Margaret Bhandari, Churna Holtz, Megan E. Balakrishnan, Purnima P. Grutter, Alexander J. Fitzsimmons, Michael Yang, Chao-Yao Satpathy, Sashi Paudyal, Durga Suzuki, Yuri Department of Materials Science and Engineering Stanford University Stanford 94305 CA United States Ames National Laboratory Iowa State University Ames 50011 IA United States Metallurgical and Materials Engineering Colorado School of Mines Golden 80401 CO United States NIST Center for Neutron Research National Institute of Standards and Technology Gaithersburg 20899 MD United States Neutron Scattering Division Oak Ridge National Laboratory Oak Ridge 37830 TN United States Department of Material Science and Engineering National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Hsinchu City 30100 Taiwan Department of Physics & Astronomy University of Missouri Columbia 65211 MO United States Department of Applied Physics Stanford University Stanford 94305 CA United States Geballe Laboratory for Advanced Materials Stanford University Stanford 94305 CA United States Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Iowa State University Ames 50011 IA United States

The boundary between CaRuO3 and CaMnO3 is an ideal test bed for emergent magnetic ground states stabilized through interfacial electron interactions. In this system, nominally antiferromagnetic and paramagnetic materi... 详细信息

The boundary between CaRuO₃ and CaMnO₃ is an ideal test bed for emergent magnetic ground states stabilized through interfacial electron interactions. In this system, nominally antiferromagnetic and paramagnetic materials combine to yield interfacial ferromagnetism in CaMnO₃ due to electron leakage across the interface. In this work, we show that the crystal symmetry at the surface is a critical factor determining the nature of the interfacial interactions. Specifically, by growing CaRuO₃/CaMnO₃ heterostructures along the (111) instead of the (001) crystallographic axis, we achieve a 3-fold enhancement of the magnetization and involve the CaRuO₃ layers in the ferromagnetism, which now spans both constituent materials. The stabilization of a net magnetic moment in CaRuO₃ through strain effects has been long-sought but never consistently achieved, and our observations demonstrate the importance of interface engineering in the development of new functional heterostructures. © 2024 American Chemical Society.

关键词： complex oxides emergent magnetism manganites ruthenatess superlattices

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Converter Design For Self-Power Sensor Of Medical Equipments

Converter Design For Self-Power Sensor Of Medical Equipments

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International Conference on electrical, Electronics and Information engineering (ICEEIE)

作者： Aripriharta Tiwi Ananda Aprilia Ayu Purwatiningsih Muhammad Yazid Saodah binti Omar Gwo Jiun Hong Department of Electrical Engineering Universitas Negeri Malang Center of Advanced Material and Renewable Energy (PUI PT CAMRY UM) Malang Indonesia Department of Electrical Engineering Universitas Negeri Malang Malang Indonesia Faculty of Intelligent Electrical and Information Technology Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember Surabaya Indonesia Faculty of Engineering Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM) Pulau Pinang Malaysia Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering Southren taiwan University Tainan City Taiwan

The system for collecting wasted energy and converted into electrical energy is called an energy harvesting system. This paper focuses on the application of a boost converter to harvest leg muscle energy using a permanent magnet generator. A permanent magnet generator is a medium to convert the energy wasted from the leg muscles due to leg movements into electrical energy. The voltage result reaches 1.7Vac with a total 100 steps in 3 minutes. The output voltage generated by the permanent magnet generator is low-voltage with AC current. Therefore, there are stages of designing a rectifier and boost converter circuit in the self-power generation system. The output voltage generated from the rectifier and boost converter circuit is 5 Vdc. The 5Vdc output voltage will be supplied to the supercapacitor for storage. The supercapacitor charging takes ± 1 hour 25 minutes to full. The distance required to fully charging the supercapacitor reaches 5,500 steps on an average of 4.18 Km. electrical energy stored in supercapacitors can be used by electronic devices such as sensors, IoT, and others.

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On-chip Moiré Optical Skyrmion Clusters with Nanoscale Dynamics

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Zhang, Lan Wan, Lipeng Deng, Weimin Hou, Liang Zou, Qiushun Wang, Tongbiao Zhao, Daomu Yu, Tianbao School of Physics and Material Science Nanchang University Nanchang330031 China Leiden Institute of Physics Leiden University LeidenCA 2333 Netherlands Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Laboratory of Infrared Material and Devices Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Functional Materials and Devices Advanced Technology Research Institute Ningbo University Zhejiang315211 China Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Quantum Technology and Device School of Physics Zhejiang University Hangzhou310027 China

Skyrmions are topological defects belonging to nontrivial homotopy classes in particle theory, and are recognized as a suitable unit in the high-density, low-dissipation microelectronic devices in condensed matter physics. Their remarkably stable topology has recently been observed in electromagnetic waves. For the evanescent fields near a surface, this has been realized so far only for elementary optical skyrmions, with a fixed skyrmion number. Here we introduce the concept of moiré optical skyrmion clusters, where multi-skyrmions are nested to form a large optical skyrmion cluster that is either crystallized or quasi-crystallized as a consequence of the twisted nanostructures. The rapid inverting of optical skyrmion number is achieved in the imperfectly aligned composite nanostructures. This moiré optical skyrmion interaction mechanism is described by a lattice model. Further, the nucleation and collapse of optical skyrmion are studied, where their nanoscale dynamics are revealed with a tiny change of the twist angle. The sudden reversal of the on-chip skyrmion can serve as a precise beacon of the relative alignment deviation between twisted composite nanostructures. Copyright © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Electromagnetic waves

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Metasurfaces That Enable Bottle-Beam Arrays for Neutral Atom Trapping

Metasurfaces That Enable Bottle-Beam Arrays for Neutral Atom...

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Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO)

作者： Chengyu Fang Minjeong Kim David A. Czaplewski Hongyan Mei Sanket Deshpande Zhaoning Yu Yuzhe Xiao Xuting Yang Alan M. Dibos Mark Saffman Jennifer T. Choy Mikhail A. Kats Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Wisconsin-Madison Madison WI USA Center for Nanoscale Materials Argonne National Laboratory Lemont IL USA Department of Physics University of Wisconsin-Madison Madison WI USA Department of Physics University of North Texas Denton TX USA Department of Material Science and Engineering University of Wisconsin-Madison Madison WI USA

We report optical metasurfaces that enable bottle-beam arrays for blue-detuned trapping of neutral atoms. Our approach only requires a single metasurface which significantly reduces the complexity of the trapping expe... 详细信息

ISBN: (纸本)9798350369311

关键词： Atom lasers Optical metamaterials Atoms Lasers and electrooptics Metasurfaces Complexity theory Electro-optical waveguides Optical arrays

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Correction: materials laboratories of the future for alloys, amorphous, and composite materials (MRS Bulletin, (2025), 50, 2, (190-207), 10.1557/s43577-024-00846-y)

引用

MRS Bulletin 2025年 1-2页

作者： Banerjee, Sarbajit Meng, Y. Shirley Minor, Andrew M. Zhang, Minghao Zaluzec, Nestor J. Chan, Maria K.Y. Seidler, Gerald McComb, David W. Agar, Joshua Mukherjee, Partha P. Melot, Brent Chapman, Karena Guiton, Beth S. Klie, Robert F. McCue, Ian D. Voyles, Paul M. Robertson, Ian Li, Ling Chi, Miaofang Destino, Joel F. Devaraj, Arun Marquis, Emmanuelle A. Segre, Carlo U. Liu, Huinan H. Yang, Judith C. Momeni, Kasra Misra, Amit Abdolrahim, Niaz Medvedeva, Julia E. Cai, Wenjun Sehirlioglu, Alp Dizbay-Onat, Melike Mehta, Apurva Graham-Brady, Lori Maruyama, Benji Rajan, Krishna Warner, Jamie H. Taheri, Mitra L. Kalinin, Sergei V. Reeja-Jayan, B. Schwarz, Udo D. Simon, Sindee L. Brown, Craig M. Department of Chemistry and Department of Materials Science & Engineering Texas A & M University College Station United States Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering The University of Chicago Chicago United States Department of Materials Science & Engineering University of California Berkeley Berkeley United States National Center for Electron Microscopy Molecular Foundry Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley United States Center for Nanoscale Materials Argonne National Laboratory Lemont United States Department of Physics University of Washington Seattle United States Department of Materials Science & Engineering The Ohio State University Columbus United States Department of Mechanical Engineering and Mechanics Drexel University Philadelphia United States School of Mechanical Engineering Purdue University West Lafayette United States Department of Chemistry University of Southern California Los Angeles United States Department of Chemistry Stony Brook University The State University of New York Stony Brook United States Department of Chemistry University of Kentucky Lexington United States Department of Physics University of Illinois at Chicago Chicago United States Department of Materials Science & Engineering Northwestern University Evanston Bangladesh Department of Materials Science & Engineering University of Wisconsin–Madison Madison United States Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia United States Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science Duke University Durham United States Department of Chemistry Creighton University Omaha United States Physical and Computational Sciences Directorate Pacific Northwest National Laboratory Richland United States Department of Materials Science & Engineering University of Michigan–Ann Arbor Ann Arbor United States Department of Physics Illinois Institute of Technology Chicago United States Department of Bioengineering and the Mater

This article was updated to correct Minghao Zhang’s affiliation from "Pritzker School of Molecular engineering, The University of Chicago, Chicago, USA" to "Pritzker School of Molecular engineering, The University of Chicago, Chicago, USA;Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, USA." Argonne National Laboratory was left off the original publication. © The Author(s) 2025.

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Spin angular momentum engineering within highly localized focal fields: from simple orientation to complex topologies

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Photonics Research 2025年第4期 995-1009页

作者： YONGXI ZENG YANZHONG YU JIAN CHEN HOUAN TENG MUSHENG CHEN PINGHUI WU QIWEN ZHAN College of Physics and Information Engineering Quanzhou Normal University School of Optical-Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Shanghai for Science and Technology Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Advanced Micro-nano Photonics Technology and Devices & Key Laboratory of Information Functional Material for Fujian Higher Education

Optical skyrmions, as quasiparticles with non-trivial topological structures, have garnered significant attention in recent years. This paper proposes a method for customized spin angular momentum (SAM) distribution in highly localized focal fields, thereby enabling the generation of SAM skyrmion and bimeron topologies. The skyrmionic SAM textures can be flexibly controlled, such as polarity, vorticity, and helicity. In addition, the two-dimensional projection plane can be arbitrarily oriented within three-dimensional space.

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Automated Discovery of Continuous Dynamics from Videos

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Huang, Kuang Cho, Dong Heon Chen, Boyuan Department of Applied Physics and Applied Mathematics Columbia University 500 W. 120th Street New YorkNY10027 United States Department of Computer Science Duke University 308 Research Dr. DurhamNC27705 United States Department of Mechanical Engineering and Material Science Duke University 121 Hudson Hall DurhamNC27708 United States Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Duke University 100 Science Dr. DurhamNC27708 United States

Dynamical systems form the foundation of scientific discovery, traditionally modeled with predefined state variables such as the angle and angular velocity, and differential equations such as the equation of motion for a single pendulum. We propose an approach to discover a set of state variables that preserve the smoothness of the system dynamics and to construct a vector field representing the system’s dynamics equation, automatically from video streams without prior physical knowledge. The prominence and effectiveness of the proposed approach are demonstrated through both quantitative and qualitative analyses of various dynamical systems, including the prediction of characteristic frequencies and the identification of chaotic and limit cycle behaviors. This shows the potential of our approach to assist human scientists in scientific discovery. Copyright © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： System theory

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