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Colossal Birefringence from Periodic Structural Modulations

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Colossal Birefringence from Periodic Structural Modulations

Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO)

作者： Hongyan Mei Guodong Ren Boyang Zhao Jad Salman Gwan-Yeong Jung Huandong Chen Arashdeep S. Thind John Cavin Jordan A. Hachtel Miaofang Chi Shanyuan Niu Graham Joe Chenghao Wan Nick Settineri Simon J. Teat Bryan C. Chakoumakos Jayakanth Ravichandran Rohan Mishra Mikhail A. Kats Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Wisconsin-Madison Madison WI USA Institute of Materials Science and Engineering Washington University in St. Louis St. Louis MO USA Mork Family Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science University of Southern California Los Angeles CA USA Department of Mechanical Engineering and Material Science Washington University in St. Louis St. Louis MO USA Department of Physics Washington University in St. Louis St. Louis MO USA Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences Oak Ridge National Laboratory Oak Ridge TN USA Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of Wisconsin-Madison Madison WI USA Advanced Light Source Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley CA USA Neutron Scattering Division Oak Ridge National Laboratory Oak Ridge TN USA Ming Hsieh Department of Electrical Engineering University of Southern California Los Angeles CA USA

We introduce structural modulation as a new mechanism for achieving colossal optical anisotropy. Modulated nonstoichiometric material Sr 9/8 TiS 3 is shown to have an extraordinary refractive index n e = 4.5 and ordi... 详细信息

ISBN: (纸本)9781957171258

关键词： Birefringence Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy Refractive index Scanning electron microscopy Wave plates X ray diffraction

Applications of MXenes in human-like sensors and actuators

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Nano Research 2023年第4期16卷 5767-5795页

作者： Jinbo Pang Songang Peng Chongyang Hou Xiao Wang Ting Wang Yu Cao Weijia Zhou Ding Sun Kai Wang Mark H.Rümmeli Gianaurelio Cuniberti Hong Liu Institute for Advanced Interdisciplinary Research(iAIR) Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Equipment for Biological Diagnosis and Therapy in Universities of ShandongUniversity of JinanJinan 250022China Institute for Materials Science and Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials Technische Universität DresdenDresden 01069Germany Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden Technische Universität DresdenDresden 01069Germany Dresden Center for Computational Materials Science Technische Universität DresdenDresden 01062Germany Dresden Center for Intelligent Materials(GCL DCIM) Technische Universität DresdenDresden 01062Germany High-Frequency High-Voltage Device and Integrated Circuits R&D Center Institute of MicroelectronicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China Key Laboratory of Microelectronic Devices&Integrated Technology Institute of MicroelectronicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Nanobiomechanics Shenzhen Institute of Advanced TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesShenzhen 518055China State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking Qilu University of TechnologyShandong Academy of SciencesJinan 250353China School of Bioengineering Qilu University of TechnologyShandong Academy of ScienceJinan 250353China Key Laboratory of Modern Power System Simulation and Control&Renewable Energy Technology(Ministry of Education) Northeast Electric Power UniversityJilin 132012China School of Electrical Engineering Northeast Electric Power UniversityJilin 132012China School of Electrical Engineering Weihai Innovation Research InstituteQingdao UniversityQingdao 266000China School of Electrical and Computer Engineering Jilin Jianzhu UniversityChangchun 130118China Institute for Complex Materials Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research Dresden(IFW Dresden)20 Helmholtz StrasseDresden 01069Germany College of Energy Soochow Institute for Energy and Materials Innovations Soochow UniversitySuzhou 215006China Key L

Human beings perceive the world through the senses of sight,hearing,smell,taste,touch,space,and *** first five senses are prerequisites for people to *** sensing organs upload information to the nervous systems,including the brain,for interpreting the surrounding ***,the brain sends commands to muscles reflexively to react to stimuli,including light,gas,chemicals,sound,and ***,as an emerging two-dimensional material,has been intensively adopted in the applications of various sensors and *** this review,we update the sensors to mimic five primary senses and actuators for stimulating muscles,which employ MXene-based film,membrane,and composite with other functional ***,a brief introduction is delivered for the structure,properties,and synthesis methods of ***,we feed the readers the recent reports on the MXene-derived image sensors as artificial retinas,gas sensors,chemical biosensors,acoustic devices,and tactile sensors for electronic ***,the actuators of MXene-based composite are ***,future opportunities are given to MXene research based on the requirements of artificial intelligence and humanoid robot,which may induce prospects in accompanying healthcare and biomedical engineering applications.

关键词： MXenes sensors actuators gas sensors biosensors tactile sensors sound sensors artificial retina

Characterization of Chip-to-Package Interconnects for Glass Panel Embedding (GPE) for Sub-THz Wireless Communications

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Characterization of Chip-to-Package Interconnects for Glass ...

Electronic Components and Technology Conference (ECTC)

作者： Serhat Erdogan Siddharth Ravichandran Xiaofan Jia Madhavan Swaminathan 3D Systems Packaging Research Center School of Electrical and Computer Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta USA 3D Systems Packaging Research Center School of Material Science and Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta USA

This work presents characterization of microvia interconnects in D-band frequencies for use as chip-to-package interconnects in Glass Panel Embedded (GPE) packages. Antenna-in-Package based on wafer-level fanout technology have demonstrated superior performance along its small form factor by eliminating wire-bond, assembly, underfill and package substrates. However, epoxy mold compounds, which limit the use of fanout packages at sub-Thz frequencies, do not support the electrical performance, thermal and thermo-mechanical needs of such applications. Embedding chips in glass panels, on the other hand, leverages all benefits of glass substrates and low-loss polymer buildup dielectrics while also mitigating the effects of wire-bond and microbumps for chip-to-package interconnects. In this paper, the design, fabrication, and characterization of these all-copper microvia-like chip-to-package interconnects is presented. These interconnects achieve an average chip-to-package loss of 0.146 dB in D-band and 0.177 dB maximum loss at 170 GHz which is lower than current flip-chip approaches, and our objective is to incorporate such interconnects in the proposed GPE package.

关键词： Wireless communication Fabrication Thermomechanical processes Electronic components Glass Insertion loss Electronic packaging thermal management

A thermodynamic core using voltage-controlled spin-orbit-torque magnetic tunnel junctions

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arXiv 2021年

作者： Lee, Albert Dai, Bingqian Wu, Di Wu, Hao Schwartz, Robert N. Wang, Kang L. Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering UCLA Los AngelesCA90095 United States Department of Physics and Astronomy UCLA Los AngelesCA90095 United States Department of Material Science and Engineering UCLA Los AngelesCA90095 United States

We present a magnetic implementation of a thermodynamic computing fabric. Magnetic devices within computing cores harness thermodynamics through its voltage-controlled thermal stability;while the evolution of network states is guided by the spin-orbit-torque effect. We theoretically derive the dynamics of the cores and show that the computing fabric can successfully compute ground states of a Boltzmann Machine. Subsequently, we demonstrate the physical realization of these devices based on a CoFeB-MgO magnetic tunnel junction structure. The results of this work pave the path towards the realization of highly efficient, high-performance thermodynamic computing hardware. Finally, this paper will also give a perspective of computing beyond thermodynamic computing. © 2021, CC BY.

关键词： Thermodynamics

Implementing Universal Design through augmented-reality game-based learning

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Computers and Education: X Reality

computers and Education: X Reality 2024年 4卷

作者： Gill, Amarpreet Irwin, Derek Towey, Dave Zhang, Yanhui Long, Pinzhuang Sun, Linjing Yu, Wanling Zheng, Yaxin Department of Mechanical Material and Manufacturing University of Nottingham Ningbo China Zhejiang Ningbo 315100 School of Education and English University of Nottingham Ningbo China Zhejiang Ningbo 315100 School of Computer Science University of Nottingham Ningbo China Zhejiang Ningbo 315100 Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering University of Nottingham Ningbo China Zhejiang Ningbo 315100 Global Innovation Exchange University of Washington 12280 NE District Way Bellevue 98005 WA United States

Technology integration in higher education (HE) provides educators with the opportunity to design stimulating learning environments, especially in design and engineering education (DEE) where it plays a unique role in nurturing creativity, problem-solving and innovation. This study investigates the integration of an augmented reality (AR) educational game in DEE, focusing on the teaching of Design for Manufacturing and Assembly (DfMA) principles. The primary aim of this research is to enhance traditional DfMA teaching and learning (T&L) practices by applying innovative T&L strategies. The resulting AR DfMA game, developed using digital game-based learning, microlearning and collaborative learning techniques, aligns with the Universal Design for Learning framework to create an inclusive learning environment that encourages participation from all students and supports several learning styles. The study tests the individual features designed for personal study opportunities to discover which elements are optimal in that environment, and then on the proposed in-class group components of the AR game, involving 68 participants from the appropriate program, though it is not currently implemented as part of a module. We utilize a mixed methods approach to examine the students’ experience and identify key design features that contribute to an inclusive educational experience. The findings highlight positive student experiences, and preferences for hands-on engagement, multimodal content, and collaborative activities. The AR DfMA game also has the potential to enhance intrinsic motivation and create an active and inclusive learning environment. Challenges and areas for improvement are also discussed. © 2024 The Authors

关键词： Augmented reality Collaborative learning Digital game-based learning Educational technology engineering education Microlearning

State-of-the-Art Deep Learning Methods on Electrocardiogram Data: Systematic Review

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JMIR Medical Informatics 2022年第8期10卷 e38454页

作者： Petmezas, Georgios Stefanopoulos, Leandros Kilintzis, Vassilis Tzavelis, Andreas Rogers, John A. Katsaggelos, Aggelos K. Maglaveras, Nicos Lab of Computing Medical Informatics and Biomedical-Imaging Technologies The Medical School Aristotle University of Thessaloniki Thessaloniki Greece Department of Biomedical Engineering Northwestern University Evanston IL United States Department of Material Science Northwestern University Evanston IL United States Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Northwestern University Evanston IL United States

Background: Electrocardiogram (ECG) is one of the most common noninvasive diagnostic tools that can provide useful information regarding a patient’s health status. Deep learning (DL) is an area of intense exploration that leads the way in most attempts to create powerful diagnostic models based on physiological signals. Objective: This study aimed to provide a systematic review of DL methods applied to ECG data for various clinical applications. Methods: The PubMed search engine was systematically searched by combining “deep learning” and keywords such as “ecg,” “ekg,” “electrocardiogram,” “electrocardiography,” and “electrocardiology.” Irrelevant articles were excluded from the study after screening titles and abstracts, and the remaining articles were further reviewed. The reasons for article exclusion were manuscripts written in any language other than English, absence of ECG data or DL methods involved in the study, and absence of a quantitative evaluation of the proposed approaches. Results: We identified 230 relevant articles published between January 2020 and December 2021 and grouped them into 6 distinct medical applications, namely, blood pressure estimation, cardiovascular disease diagnosis, ECG analysis, biometric recognition, sleep analysis, and other clinical analyses. We provide a complete account of the state-of-the-art DL strategies per the field of application, as well as major ECG data sources. We also present open research problems, such as the lack of attempts to address the issue of blood pressure variability in training data sets, and point out potential gaps in the design and implementation of DL models. Conclusions: We expect that this review will provide insights into state-of-the-art DL methods applied to ECG data and point to future directions for research on DL to create robust models that can assist medical experts in clinical decision-making. ©Georgios Petmezas, Leandros Stefanopoulos, Vassilis Kilintzis, Andreas Tzavelis, John A Rogers

关键词： clinical decision CNN convolutional neural networks decision support deep learning diagnostic tools ECG ECG databases electrocardiogram long short-term memory LSTM residual neural network ResNet

Unconventional Unidirectional Magnetoresistance in vdW Heterostructures

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Kao, I-Hsuan Tang, Junyu Ortiz, Gabriel Calderon Zhu, Menglin Yuan, Sean Rao, Rahul Li, Jiahan Edgar, James H. Yan, Jiaqiang Mandrus, David G. Watanabe, Kenji Taniguchi, Takashi Hwang, Jinwoo Cheng, Ran Katoch, Jyoti Singh, Simranjeet Department of Physics Carnegie Mellon University PittsburghPA15213 United States Department of Physics and Astronomy University of California RiversideCA92521 United States Department of Materials Science and Engineering The Ohio State University ColumbusOH43210 United States Materials and Manufacturing Directorate Air Force Research Laboratory Wright-Patterson Air Force Base DaytonOH45433 United States Tim Taylor Department of Chemical Engineering Kansas State University ManhattanKS66506 United States Materials Science and Technology Division Oak Ridge National Laboratory Oak RidgeTN37831 United States Department of Materials Science and Engineering The University of Tennessee KnoxvilleTN37996 United States Research Center for Electronic and Optical Materials National Institute for Materials Science 1-1 Namiki Tsukuba305-0044 Japan Research Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics National Institute for Materials Science 1-1 Namiki Tsukuba305-0044 Japan Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of California RiversideCA92521 United States Department of Material Science and Engineering University of California RiversideCA92521 United States

electrical readout of magnetic states is a key to realize novel spintronics devices for efficient computing and data storage. Unidirectional magnetoresistance (UMR) in bilayer systems, consisting of a spin-source material and a magnetic layer, refers to a change in the longitudinal resistance upon the reversal of magnetization, which typically originates from the interaction of spin-current and magnetization at the interface1-9. Because of UMR’s linear dependence on applied charge current and magnetization, it can be used to electrically read the magnetization state. However, in conventional spin-source materials, the spin-polarization of an electric-field induced spin current is restricted to be in the film plane10-14 and hence the ensuing UMR can only respond to the in-plane component of the magnetization. On the other hand, magnets with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (PMA) are highly desired for magnetic memory and spin-logic devices14,15, while the electrical readout of PMA magnets through UMR is critically missing. Recently, topological semimetals with low-crystal symmetries, such as WTe2, emerged as a unique spin-source material platform, wherein out-of-plane spin polarization can be efficiently generated through spin-galvanic effects16,17, which in principle can enable electrical read-out of PMA magnets through UMR. Here, we report the discovery of an unconventional UMR in bilayer heterostructures of a topological semimetal (WTe2) and a PMA ferromagnetic insulator (Cr2Ge2Te6, CGT), which allows to electrically read the up and down magnetic states of the CGT layer by measuring the longitudinal resistance. Our theoretical calculations based on a tight-binding model show that the unconventional UMR originates from the interplay of crystal symmetry-breaking in WTe2 and magnetic exchange interaction across the WTe2/CGT interface. Combining with the ability of WTe2 to obtain magnetic field free switching of the PMA magnets17, our discoveries open an exciting pat

关键词： Magnetic storage

Spin-flop magnetoresistance in a collinear antiferromagnetic tunnel junction

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arXiv 2023年

作者： Xu, Shijie Zhang, Zhizhong Mahfouzi, Farzad Huang, Yan Cheng, Houyi Dai, Bingqian Cai, Wenlong Shi, Kewen Zhu, Daoqian Guo, Zongxia Cao, Caihua Liu, Yongshan Fert, Albert Kioussis, Nicholas Wang, Kang L. Zhang, Yue Zhao, Weisheng Fert Beijing Institute School of Integrated Circuit Science and Engineering Beihang University Beijing China Department of Physics and Astronomy California State University Northridge Los AngelesCA91330-8268 United States Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Physics and Astronomy and Material Science and Engineering University of California Los Angeles Los AngelesCA90095 United States Beihang-Goertek Joint Microelectronics Institute Qingdao Research Institute Beihang University Qingdao China Hefei Innovation Research Institute Anhui High Reliability Chips Engineering Laboratory Beihang University Hefei230013 China Zhongfa Aviation Institute Beihang University Shuanghongqiao Street Pingyao Town Yuhang District Hangzhou311115 China

Collinear antiferromagnetic (AFM) materials have unique promise of no stray fields, display ultrafast dynamics, and being robust against perturbation filed which motivates the extensive research of antiferromagnetic spintronics. However, the manipulation and detection of antiferromagnetic order remain formidable challenges. Here, we report the electrical detection of colinear antiferromagnetism in all-epitaxial RuO2/MgO/RuO2 three-terminal tunnel junctions (TJ) using spin-flop tunnel anisotropy magnetoresistance (TAMR). We measured a TAMR ratio of around 60% at room temperature, which arises between the parallel and perpendicular configurations of the adjacent collinear AFM state. Furthermore, we carried out angular dependent measurements using this AFM-TJ and showed that the magnitude of anisotropic longitudinal magnetoresistance in the AFM-TJ can be controlled by the direction of magnetic field. We also theoretically found that the colinear antiferromagnetic MTJ may produce a substantially large TAMR ratio as a result of the time-reversal, strong spin orbit coupling (SOC) characteristic of antiferromagnetic RuO2. Our work not only propels antiferromagnetic materials to the forefront of spintronic device innovation but also unveils a novel paradigm for electrically governed antiferromagnetic spintronics, auguring transformative advancements in high-speed, low-energy information devices. © 2023, CC BY.

关键词： Ruthenium compounds

High-throughput speckle spectrometers based on multifractal scattering media

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arXiv 2023年

作者： Kumar, Bhupesh Zhu, Yilin Dal Negro, Luca Schulz, Sebastian A. School of Physics and Astronomy University of St Andrews North Haugh St AndrewsKY16 9SS United Kingdom Division of Material Science and Engineering Boston University 15 Saint Mary's Street BrooklineMA02446 United States Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering and Photonics Center Boston University 8 Saint Mary's Street BostonMA02215 United States Department of Physics Boston University 590 Commonwealth Avenue BostonMA02215 United States

We present compact integrated speckle spectrometers based on monofractal and multifractal scattering media in a silicon-on-insulator platform. Through both numerical and experimental studies we demonstrate enhanced optical throughput, and hence signal-to-noise ratio, for a number of random structures with tailored multifractal geometries without affecting the spectral decay of the speckle correlation functions. Moreover, we show that the developed multifractal media outperform traditional scattering spectrometers based on uniform random distributions of scattering centers. Our findings establish the potential of low-density random media with multifractal correlations for integrated on-chip applications beyond what is possible with uncorrelated random disorder. Copyright © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Spectrometers