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arXiv 2025年

作者： Fu, Shuai Huang, Xing Gao, Guoquan Petkov, Petko St. Gao, Wenpei Zhang, Jianjun Gao, Lei Zhang, Heng Liu, Min Hambsch, Mike Zhang, Wenjie Zhang, Jiaxu Li, Keming Kaiser, Ute Parkin, Stuart S.P. Mannsfeld, Stefan C.B. Zhu, Tong Wang, Hai I. Wang, Zhiyong Dong, Renhao Feng, Xinliang Bonn, Mischa Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry Technische Universität Dresden Dresden Germany Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research Mainz Germany Laser Micro/Nano Fabrication Laboratory School of Mechanical Engineering Beijing Institute of Technology Beijing China Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy University of Sofia Sofia Bulgaria State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites School of Materials Science and Engineering Future Material Innovation Center Zhangjiang Institute for Advanced Study Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai China Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden Faculty of Electrical and Computer Engineering TUD Dresden University of Technology Germany Germany Central Facility for Materials Science Electron Microscopy Universität Ulm Ulm Germany Nanophotonics Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science Utrecht University Utrecht Netherlands Department of Chemistry The University of Hong Kong 999077 Hong Kong HKU-SIRI Shenzhen518048 China

Hot carriers, inheriting excess kinetic energy from high-energy photons, underpin numerous optoelectronic applications involving non-equilibrium transport processes. Current research on hot carriers has predominantly focused on inorganic materials, with little attention paid to organic-based systems due to their ultrafast energy relaxation and inefficient charge transport. Here, we overturn this paradigm by demonstrating highly mobile hot carriers in solution-processable, highly crystalline two-dimensional conjugated coordination polymer (2D c-CP) Cu3BHT (BHT = benzenehexathiol) films. Leveraging a suite of ultrafast spectroscopic and imaging techniques, we unravel the microscopic charge transport landscape in Cu3BHT films following non-equilibrium photoexcitation across temporal, spatial, and frequency domains, revealing two distinct high-mobility transport regimes. In the non-equilibrium transport regime, hot carriers achieve ultrahigh mobility of ~2,000 cm2 V–1 s–1, traversing grain boundaries up to ~300 nm within a picosecond. In the quasi-equilibrium transport regime, free carriers exhibit Drude-type band-like transport with a remarkable mobility of ~400 cm2 V–1 s–1 and an intrinsic diffusion length exceeding 1 µm. These findings establish 2D c-CPs as versatile platforms for exploring high-mobility non-equilibrium transport, unlocking new opportunities for organic-based hot carrier applications. Copyright © 2025, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Kinetic energy

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Separation of the valley exciton-polariton in two-dimensional semiconductors with an anisotropic photonic crystal

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Physical Review B 2020年第24期101卷 245418-245418页

作者： Ruoming Peng Changming Wu Huan Li Xiaodong Xu Mo Li Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Washington Seattle Washington 98195 USA Department of Physics University of Washington Seattle Washington 98195 USA Department of Material Science and Engineering University of Washington Seattle Washington 98195 USA

Excitons in two-dimensional (2D) transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDC) are stable at room temperature because of high exciton binding energies. They can be selectively addressed based on the unique optical selection rules from angular momentum conservation for the K/K′ valley state and the helicity of circularly polarized light. When coupled with the optical modes in optical cavities, excitons can form exciton-polaritons, exploiting which in 2D TMDC may lead to optoelectronic devices for room temperature operation. The valley degree of freedom of the excitons, however, is mostly lost when forming exciton-polaritons because the cavity mode usually does not have a well-defined spin angular momentum. Here, we theoretically demonstrate that the valley information of exciton-polaritons can be preserved and resolved in a photonic cavity made of birefringent materials. Because of the optical anisotropy, the guided resonance modes have a net transverse spin angular momentum and selectively couple to exciton-polaritons with the corresponding valley state. In the strong-coupling regime, the exciton-polariton behaves in a way like the Rashba effect in the solid. The dispersion of the K/K′ exciton-polariton splits in momentum space based on its valley state, similar to electron spins in Rashba systems. Realizing valley-dependent exciton-polaritons affords a possibility to explore valley exciton dynamics in a strongly coupled system and will contribute to the study of excitonic, polaritonic devices, Bose-Einstein condensation, and superfluidity in semiconductors.

关键词： Exciton polariton Photonic crystals 2-dimensional systems Finite-difference time-domain method Finite-element method

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Additive engineering: A Route Towards Flexible and Robust Perovskite Solar Cells

Additive Engineering: A Route Towards Flexible and Robust Pe...

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2023 Photonics and Electromagnetics Research Symposium, PIERS 2023

作者： Giuri, A. Bisconti, F. Rolston, Nicholas Dauskardt, Reinhold H. Suhonen, R. Kraft, T.M. Ylikunnari, M. Holappa, V. Po, R. Biagini, P. Corcione, C. Esposito Listorti, A. Colella, S. Rizzo, A. CNR NANOTEC Istituto di Nanotecnologia c/o Campus Ecotekne Via Monteroni Lecce73100 Italy Università Del Salento Dipartimento di Ingegneria dell'Innovazione Campus Ecotekne via Arnesano Lecce73100 Italy Università Del Salento Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica E. de Giorgi Campus Ecotekne via Arnesano Lecce73100 Italy Arizona State University Department Of School of Electrical Computer and Energy Engineering TempeAZ85287-5706 United States Stanford University Department of Materials Science and Engineering StanfordCA United States VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd. Sensing Solutions Kaitoväylä 1 Oulu90571 Finland New Energies and Material Science Research Centere Renewable via Fauser 4 NovaraI-28100 Italy Università di Bari Dipartimento di Chimica Via Orabona 4 Bari70126 Italy Università di Bari CNR NANOTEC C/o Dipartimento di Chimica Via Orabona 4 Bari70126 Italy

ISBN: (纸本)9798350312843

The record performance reached by metal halide perovskite in solar cells in a very short time calls for a real word application, however, several major intrinsic limitations need to be solved before the technological maturation can be reached. The intrinsic instability, the poor control of perovskite materials' properties deposited via wet processing, and the intrinsic mechanical fragility of the polycrystalline films are the among the most relevant issue. Herein, the use of polymeric additive has been investigated as a mean to gaining a control over the processing and improving the perovskite material stability to the environmental factors, eventually to developing perovskite inks compatible with large area solar cells manufacturing. Several polymers were evaluated based on their solubility and compatibility with perovskite precursors solutions. Among all, starch polysaccharide has been selected since it can induce a convenient viscosity modulation that make perovskite precursors' inks with different printing techniques. Importantly, starch can also enhance perovskite materials mechanical strength and tolerance to thermal stress. © 2023 IEEE.

关键词： Perovskite

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Reducing Energy Losses at the Organic–anode-buffer Interface of Organic Photovoltaics

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Physical Review Applied 2020年第5期13卷 054046-054046页

作者： Kan Ding Stephen R. Forrest Department of Physics University of Michigan Ann Arbor Michigan 48109 USA Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science University of Michigan Ann Arbor Michigan 48109 USA Departments of Material Science and Engineering University of Michigan Ann Arbor Michigan 48109 USA

Understanding the sources of energy loss in organic photovoltaic cells can ultimately lead to increasing their power-conversion efficiency. Here we explore energy losses at the interface between an archetype structure comprising a vacuum-deposited tetraphenyldibenzoperiflanthene/C70 bulk-heterojunction active layer and several anode buffer layers (ABLs) using a combination of experimental and computational tools. The composition of the active organic region adjacent to the ABL interface is controlled independently from that in the bulk to determine energy losses that are attributed to charge transfer between the organic active region and the ABL. The open-circuit voltage (VOC) can be varied over a range of 120 meV without affecting the short-circuit current and fill factor by growing an interface layer whose composition ranges from 100% C70 to 0% C70 in tetraphenyldibenzoperiflanthene at the active-region–ABL interface. Kinetic Monte Carlo simulations are used to quantitatively evaluate the magnitude of the interfacial energy loss and change in VOC with various interface-layer compositions. When the interface layer consists of neat C70 that permits nondissipative hole tunneling into the ABL, the interfacial energy loss is reduced and VOC increases by 20–40 mV compared with conventional devices with a homogenous mixed active region.

关键词： Carrier generation & recombination Junctions Optoelectronics Photovoltaic absorbers Photovoltaic effect Solar cells Surface & interfacial phenomena Organic semiconductors

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Electric Field-Induced Grain Boundary Degradation Mechanism in Yttria Stabilized Zirconia

SSRN

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SSRN 2021年

作者： Charalambous, Harry Jha, Shikhar Krishn Vikrant, K.S.N. García, R. Edwin Phuah, Xin Li Wang, Han Wang, Haiyan Mukherjee, Amiya Tsakalakos, Thomas Department of Materials Science and Engineering Rutgers University PiscatawayNJ08854 United States Department of Material Science and Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur UP208016 India School of Materials Engineering Purdue University West LafayetteIN47906 United States School of Electrical and Computer Engineering Purdue University West LafayetteIN47906 United States Department of Chemical Engineering & Materials Science University of California DavisCA95616 United States

The degradation mechanism of flash sintering 8 mol% yttria stabilized zirconia, which results in poor densification and crumbling of the samples under direct current, was investigated. Microstructure analysis revealed highly strained grain boundaries and nanopore formation at the grain boundaries after flash sintering with a direct current. A higher current density experiment gave a varied microstructure with dimpling similar to metallic microvoid coalescence near the negative electrode, a highly porous “swiss-cheese” like microstructure in the pellet interior, and melting and recrystallization near the positive electrode. These characteristics were not observed under an alternating current. Phase field simulations predicted an oxygen vacancy buildup and potential reduced phases along the grain boundaries, which lead to the depletion of free holes and dramatic increase of free electrons. This results in high tensile stresses at the grain boundaries, which explains the degradation along the grain boundaries after flash sintering under direct current. © 2021, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Grain boundaries

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Robust Interaction Control of a Dielectric Elastomer Actuator with Variable Stiffness

arXiv

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arXiv 2021年

作者： Rizzello, Gianluca Ferrante, Francesco Naso, David Seelecke, Stefan Department of Systems Engineering Department of Material Science and Engineering Universität des Saarlandes Saarbrücken66123 Germany Computer Engineering Department University of California Santa Cruz 1156 High St. Santa CruzCA95064 United States Department of Electrical and Information Engineering Politecnico di Bari Bari70125 Italy

This paper presents an interaction control algorithm for a dielectric elastomer membrane actuator. The proposed method permits to efficiently exploit the controllable stiffness of the material, and use it as a "programmable spring" in applications such as robotic manipulation or haptic devices. To achieve this goal, we propose a design algorithm based on robust control theory and Linear Matrix Inequalities. The resulting controller permits to arbitrarily shape the stiffness of the elastomer, while providing robust stability and performance with respect to model nonlinearities. A self-sensing displacement estimation algorithm allows to implement the method without the need of a deformation sensor, thus reducing cost and size of the system. The approach is validated on an experimental prototype consisting of an elastomer membrane pre-loaded with a bi-stable biasing spring. Copyright © 2021, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Robust control

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Effect of Annealing on the Structural, Optical Properties of Barium Titanate Nanoparticles and its Impact on Second Harmonic Generation

SSRN

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SSRN 2023年

作者： Mayandi, Jeyanthinath Mahalakshmi, Selvaraj Venkatesan, Ragavendran Asokan, Vijay Shankar Alam, Mohammed Mujahid Pearce, Joshua M. Venkatachalapathy, Vishnukanthan Department of Physics R.D. Govt. Arts College Tamilnadu Sivaganga630561 India Department of Material Science School of Chemistry Madurai Kamaraj University Tamilnadu Madurai625 021 India Chalmers University of Technology Sweden King Khalid University Abha61413 Saudi Arabia Department of Chemistry College of Science King Khalid University Abha61413 Saudi Arabia Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Western University LondonON Canada Department of Physics Centre for Materials Science and Nanotechnology University of Oslo P.O Box 1048 Blindern OsloNO-0316 Norway Department of Materials Science National Research Nuclear University "MEPhI" 31 Kashirskoe sh Moscow Russia

In this report, barium titanate (BaTiO3) nanoparticles were synthesized at 200°C by sol-gel hydrothermal process and annealed at five different temperatures from 100-500°C. The sample synthesized at 200°C exhibited distorted cubic structure with a mishmash of tetragonal and orthorhombic phase which was analyzed from XRD studies. To further empathize its characteristic features, the samples were annealed for various temperatures. The grain size and lattice parameters of the annealed samples were calculated from the XRD spectrum. When the annealing temperature increases a non-uniformity in the grain size and lattice parameters was observed in the BaTiO3 nanoparticles. XRD also reveals that there was phase transition from distorted cubic to tetragonal phase and this phase was stable for all the annealed samples. The morphology of annealed barium titanate nanoparticles was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) which specifies the presence of spheres and rods. Optical studies were carried out by UV-Vis, Photoluminescence and Raman Spectroscopy. The change in non-linear optical (NLO) activity of BaTiO3 nanoparticles were studied using second harmonic generation (SHG). Samples that possess phase distortion produced SHG as it lacks center of symmetry. Remarkably, the annealing process created an effective atmosphere for the formation of single crystalline tetragonal phase within 300-500°C, which is normally possible only above 800°C. © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Raman spectroscopy

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Spectral evidence for local-moment ferromagnetism in the van der Waals metals Fe3GaTe2 and Fe3GeTe2

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Physical Review B 2024年第10期109卷 104410-104410页

作者： Han Wu Chaowei Hu Yaofeng Xie Bo Gyu Jang Jianwei Huang Yucheng Guo Shan Wu Cheng Hu Ziqin Yue Yue Shi Rourav Basak Zheng Ren T. Yilmaz Elio Vescovo Chris Jozwiak Aaron Bostwick Eli Rotenberg Alexei Fedorov Jonathan D. Denlinger Christoph Klewe Padraic Shafer Donghui Lu Makoto Hashimoto Junichiro Kono Alex Frano Robert J. Birgeneau Xiaodong Xu Jian-Xin Zhu Pengcheng Dai Jiun-Haw Chu Ming Yi Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Center for Quantum Materials Rice University Houston Texas 77005 USA Department of Physics University of Washington Seattle Washington 98195 USA Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of Washington Seattle Washington 98195 USA Theoretical Division and Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies Los Alamos National Laboratory Los Alamos New Mexico USA Department of Advanced Materials Engineering for Information and Electronics Kyung Hee University Yongin 17104 Republic of Korea Department of Physics University of California at Berkeley Berkeley California 94720 USA Advanced Light Source Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley California 94720 USA Department of Physics University of California San Diego La Jolla California 92093USA National Synchrotron Light Source II Brookhaven National Lab Upton New York 11973 USA Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory Menlo Park California 94025 USA Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Rice University Houston Texas 77005 USA Department of Material Science and NanoEngineering Rice University Houston Texas 77005 USA Materials Sciences Division Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley California 94720 USA Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of California Berkeley CaliforniaUSA

Magnetism in two-dimensional (2D) materials has attracted considerable attention recently for both fundamental understanding of magnetism and its tunability towards device applications. The isostructural Fe3GeTe2 and Fe3GaTe2 are two members of the Fe-based van der Waals (vdW) ferromagnet family, but exhibit very different Curie temperatures (TC) of 210 and 360 K, respectively. Here, by using angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy and density functional theory, we systematically compare the electronic structures of the two compounds. Qualitative similarities in the Fermi surface can be found between the two compounds, with expanded hole pockets in Fe3GaTe2 suggesting additional hole carriers compared to Fe3GeTe2. Interestingly, we observe almost no band shift in Fe3GaTe2 across its TC of 360 K, compared to a small shift in Fe3GeTe2 across its TC of 210 K. The weak temperature-dependent evolution strongly deviates from the expectations of an itinerant Stoner mechanism. Our results suggest that itinerant electrons have minimal contributions to the enhancement of TC in Fe3GaTe2 compared to Fe3GeTe2, and that the nature of ferromagnetism in these Fe-based vdW ferromagnets must be understood with considerations of the electron correlations.

关键词： Magnetism Van der Waals systems Angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy

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Linewidth broadening induced by fundamental thermal fluctuations in metallo-dielectric nanolasers

Linewidth broadening induced by fundamental thermal fluctuat...

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CLEO: Applications and Technology, CLEO_AT 2020

作者： Jiang, Sizhu Pan, Si Hui Deka, Suruj S. Chengyi-Fang Chen, Zijun Fainman, Yeshaiahu El Amili, Abdelkrim Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of California San Diego San DiegoCA92093-0407 United States Department of Physics University of California San Diego San DiegoCA92093-0407 United States Material Science and Engineering Program University of California San Diego San DiegoCA92093-0407 United States

We demonstrate that the fundamental thermal fluctuations can induce significant linewidth broadening effect in metallo-dielectric nanolasers through numerical simulation. Broader linewidths are observed with the decre... 详细信息

ISBN: (数字)9781943580767

ISBN: (纸本)9781557528209

关键词： Linewidth

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Linewidth Broadening Induced by Fundamental Thermal Fluctuations in Metallo-Dielectric Nanolasers

Linewidth Broadening Induced by Fundamental Thermal Fluctuat...

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2020 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics, CLEO 2020

作者： Jiang, Sizhu Pan, Si Hui Deka, Suruj S. Chengyi-Fang Chen, Zijun Fainman, Yeshaiahu Amili, Abdelkrim El Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of California San Diego San DiegoCA92093-0407 United States Department of Physics University of California San Diego San DiegoCA92093-0407 United States Material Science and Engineering Program University of California San Diego La Jolla CA92093-0407 United States

ISBN: (纸本)9781943580767

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