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Real-time Pipeline Vandalism Detection Using Open-Circuit Technique

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Real-time Pipeline Vandalism Detection Using Open-Circuit Te...

International Conference on Electronics, computer and Computation (ICECCO)

作者： Asim Balarabe Yazid John Chijioke Moussa Boukar Mahamat Hamisu Ismail Ahmad Vitalis C. Anye Mahboob Zakariya Computer Science Department Nile University of Nigeria Electrical & Electronics Engineering Nile University of Nigeria Computer Science Department Dept. of Material Science AUST Electrical & Electronics Engineering Baze University

ISBN: (数字)9781728151601

ISBN: (纸本)9781728151618

Pipeline vandalism has been a problem to Nigeria for many decades, Nigeria suffered loss of oil revenue as a result of lingering menace of oil pipeline and oil theft. Aside the loss of money from oil theft and leak, cost of pipeline repairs and damage to the environment and ecosystem are other devastating negative consequences posed by pipeline breaks, whether naturally occurring or caused by man. Many of the techniques proposed by researchers are infeasible and very costly. In this research, we propose a moderately cheap, environmental-friendly, and simple method of monitoring pipeline. Pipelines are independently coated using socket switching and proximity sensors. Attempts to open the enclosure or break the pipeline will first trigger the proximity sensors, which in their normal state have a HIGH signal. By triggering the alarm when there is no obstruction detected, the proximity sensors used operate in reverse. Independently, if the pipeline breaks inside an open-circuit is created which triggers the annunciator. Through the proximity sensor, this technique will be able to detect an attack before occurrence based on the notion that to access the pipeline the protective layer must first be removed. Ultimately, the real-time location of ongoing vandalism will be tracked and transmitted. The system has shown promising result in attempt to combat pipeline vandalism and oil theft.

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Identification of the intrinsic, topological, and extrinsic anomalous Hall effects in noncollinear antiferromagnets

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Newton 2025年第3期1卷

作者： Shijie Xu Yuhao Jiang Bingqian Dai Yinchang Ma Chen Liu Xixiang Zhang Kang L. Wang Albert Fert Weisheng Zhao National Key Laboratory of Spintronics Hangzhou International Innovation Institute Beihang University 311115 Hangzhou China Departments of Electrical and Computer Engineering Physics and Astronomy and Material Science and Engineering University of California Los Angeles Los Angeles CA 90095 USA MIIT Key Laboratory of Spintronics School of Integrated Circuit Science and Engineering Beihang University Beijing 100191 China Hefei Innovation Research Institute Beihang University Hefei 230013 China Physical Science and Engineering Division King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) Thuwal Saudi Arabia Shanghai Key Laboratory of Special Artificial Microstructure Pohl Institute of Solid State Physics and School of Physics Science and Engineering Tongji University Shanghai 200092 China Laboratoire Albert Fert CNRS Thales Université Paris-Saclay Palaiseau 91767 France

The emergence of the anomalous Hall effect (AHE) in noncollinear antiferromagnets (AFMs) challenges the conventional notion that this phenomenon is exclusive to ferromagnets and primarily driven by spin-orbit coupling. However, the mechanisms contributing to this effect in such materials are often entangled, making distinctions difficult. Here, we discovered a giant AHE in a noncollinear AFM Mn 3 Pd film and investigated its origin with experimental and theoretical methods to address this complexity. Our findings reveal that the anomalous Hall resistance adheres to a new linear scaling law that facilitates the clear identification of the intrinsic Berry curvature, the scalar spin-chirality-induced topological AHE, and the extrinsic side-jump scattering AHE. Furthermore, we demonstrate that this scaling law is universally applicable to various noncollinear AFMs and altermagnets. This work enhances our understanding of the complex origins of the AHE in AFMs and paves the way for advancements in AFM spintronics.

关键词： anomalous Hall effect antiferromagnets noncollinear AFM time-reversal symmetry breaking spintronic devices

Reversible modulation of metal-insulator transition in VO2 via chemically-induced oxygen migration

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arXiv 2021年

作者： Han, Kun Wang, Hanyu Wu, Liang Cao, Yu Qi, Dong-Chen Li, Changjian Huang, Zhen Li, Xiao Wang, X. Renshaw Information Materials and Intelligent Sensing Laboratory of Anhui Province Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology Anhui University Hefei230601 China Division of Physics and Applied Physics School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences Nanyang Technological University 21 Nanyang Link Singapore637371 Singapore School of Physics and Technology Nanjing Normal University Nanjing210023 China Faculty of Material Science and Engineering Kunming University of Science and Technology Yunnan Kunming650093 China Institute for New Materials Foshan528247 China Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering National University of Singapore 4 Engineering Drive 3 Singapore117583 Singapore Centre for Materials Science School of Chemistry and Physics Queensland University of Technology BrisbaneQLD4001 Australia Department of Materials Science and Engineering Southern University of Science and Technology Guangdong Shenzhen518055 China School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Nanyang Technological University 50 Nanyang Ave Singapore639798 Singapore

Metal-insulator transitions (MIT), an intriguing correlated phenomenon induced by the subtle competition of the electrons' repulsive Coulomb interaction and kinetic energy, is of great potential use for electronic applications due to the dramatic change in resistivity. Here, we demonstrate a reversible control of MIT in VO2 films via oxygen stoichiometry engineering. By facilely depositing and dissolving a water-soluble yet oxygen-active Sr3Al2O6 capping layer atop the VO2 at room temperature, oxygen ions can reversibly migrate between VO2 and Sr3Al2O6, resulting in a gradual suppression and a complete recovery of MIT in VO2. The migration of the oxygen ions is evidenced in a combination of transport measurement, structural characterization and first-principles calculations. This approach of chemically-induced oxygen migration using a water-dissolvable adjacent layer could be useful for advanced electronic and iontronic devices and studying oxygen stoichiometry effects on the MIT. Copyright © 2021, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Vanadium dioxide

Smartphone-Based Immunochemical Sensor Exploiting Peroxidase-Like Activity of Ligand-Capped Gold Nanostars: A Proof-of-Concept Detection of Mycobacterium Bovis

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SSRN

SSRN 2022年

作者： Lou-Franco, Javier Zhao, Yunfeng Nelis, Joost L.D. Stewart, Linda Rafferty, Karen Elliott, Christopher Cao, Cuong Institute for Global Food Security School of Biological Sciences Queen’s University of Belfast 19 Chlorine Gardens BelfastBT9 5DL United Kingdom School of Electronics Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Queen's University Belfast Stranmillis Road Belfast United Kingdom CSIRO Agriculture and Food 306 Carmody Rd St LuciaQLD4067 Australia Material and Advanced Technologies for Healthcare Queen’s University of Belfast 18-30 Malone Road BelfastBT9 5BN United Kingdom

Bacterial pathogens represent a safety concern in the food industry, and this is amplified by the lack of sensing devices that can be applied on-site by non-trained personnel. In this study, the peroxidase-mimicking activity of gold nanostars was exploited to develop a colourimetric sensor for food-borne pathogen detection. Mycobacterium bovis was selected as a model for proof-of-concept assay development. This microorganism is a zoonotic pathogen primarily found in cattle but can cause tuberculosis disease when transmitted to humans. To develop a fully portable sensor, smartphone was exploited;a novel in-house App was developed, evaluated and compared with a commercial smartphone App for its capability to quantify the generated colourimetric signals for detecting the presence of M. bovis . Despite showing great potential for food testing, a major obstacle for developing sensors combining gold nanozymes and smartphones is the fact that modification of the surface of gold nanostars supresses their peroxidase-mimicking activity. To overcome the drawback, an autocatalytic enlargement step was introduced to restore the peroxidase-mimicking activity of the gold nanozymes. As a result, the developed proof-of-concept smartphone-based immunological approach has shown promising results with a linear response between 10 4 – 10 6 CFU/mL, enabling detection of the presence of M. bovis at concentrations as low as 7.2·10 3 CFU/mL. It is anticipated that the concept of the developed approach will have applicability in many fields relying on smartphone-based biosensing. © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Smartphones

Dynamic-quenching of a single-photon avalanche photodetector using an adaptive resistive switch

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arXiv 2021年

作者： Zheng, Jiyuan Xue, Xingjun Ji, Cheng Yuan, Yuan Sun, Keye Rosenmann, Daniel Wang, Lai Wu, Jiamin Campbell, Joe C. Guha, Supratik Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering The University of Chicago ChicagoIL60637 United States Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology Tsinghua University Beijing100084 China Electrical and Computer Engineering Department University of Virginia CharlottesvilleVA22904 United States Center for Nanoscale Materials Argonne National Laboratory ArgonneIL60439 United States Department of Electronic Engineering Tsinghua University Beijing100084 China Department of Automation Tsinghua University Beijing100084 China Material Science Division Argonne National Laboratory ArgonneIL60439 United States

One of the most common approaches for quenching single-photon avalanche diodes is to use a passive resistor in series with it. A drawback of this approach has been the limited recovery speed of the single-photon avalanche diodes. High resistance is needed to quench the avalanche, leading to slower recharging of the single-photon avalanche diodes depletion capacitor. We address this issue by replacing a fixed quenching resistor with a bias-dependent adaptive resistive switch. Reversible generation of metallic conduction enables switching between low and high resistance states under unipolar bias. As an example, using a Pt/Al2O3/Ag resistor with a commercial silicon single-photon avalanche diodes, we demonstrate avalanche pulse widths as small as ~30 ns, 10× smaller than a passively quenched approach, thus significantly improving the single-photon avalanche diodes frequency response. The experimental results are consistent with a model where the adaptive resistor dynamically changes its resistance during discharging and recharging the single-photon avalanche diodes. Copyright © 2021, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Resistors

Transferring orbital angular momentum to an electron beam reveals toroidal and chiral order

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Physical Review B 2023年第20期107卷 205419-205419页

作者： K. X. Nguyen Y. Jiang M. C. Cao P. Purohit A. K. Yadav P. García-Fernández M. W. Tate C. S. Chang P. Aguado-Puente J. Íñiguez F. Gomez-Ortiz S. M. Gruner J. Junquera L. W. Martin R. Ramesh D. A. Muller Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology Cornell University Ithaca 14853 New York USA School of Applied and Engineering Physics Cornell University Ithaca 14853 New York USA Department of Physics Cornell University Ithaca 14853 New York USA Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences University of California Berkeley 94720 California USA Departamento de Ciencias de la Tierra y Física de la Materia Condensada Universidad de Cantabria Cantabria Campus Internacional Avenida de los Castros s/n 39005 Santander Cantabria Spain Atomistic Simulation Center Queen's University Belfast Belfast BT7 1NN Northern Ireland United Kingdom CIC nanoGUNE BRTA E-20018 Donostia-San Sebastian Spain Materials Research and Technology Department Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST) 5 avenue des Hauts-Fourneaux Esch-Sur-Alzette L-4362 Luxembourg Physics and Materials Science Research Unit University of Luxembourg 41 Rue du Brill Belvaux L-4422 Luxembourg Kavli Institute at Cornell for Nanoscale Science Ithaca 14853 New York USA Cornell High Energy Synchrotron Source (CHESS) Cornell University Ithaca 14853 New York USA Department of Material Science and Engineering University of California Berkeley Berkeley 94720 California USA Materials Sciences Division Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley 94720 California USA Department of Physics University of California Berkeley 94720 California USA

Orbital angular momentum (OAM) and torque transfer play central roles in a wide range of magnetic textures and devices including skyrmions and spin-torque electronics. Analogous topological structures are now also being explored in ferroelectrics, including polarization vortex arrays in ferroelectric/dielectric superlattices. Unlike magnetic toroidal order, electric toroidal order does not couple directly to linear external fields. Instead, we find that the presence of an electric toroidal moment in a ferrorotational phase transfers measurable torque and OAM to a localized electron beam in the ballistic limit. We record these torque transfers from a high-energy electron beam using a momentum-resolved detector. This approach provides a high-sensitivity method to detect polarization fields and their more complex order parameters and topologies. In addition to toroidal order, we also demonstrate high-precision measurements of vorticity and chirality for polar vortexlike phases.

关键词： Chirality Electric polarization Ferroelectricity Ferroelectrics Angular momentum Electron diffraction Electron microscopy Scanning transmission electron microscopy

JARVIS-Leaderboard: A Large Scale Benchmark of materials Design Methods

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arXiv 2023年

作者： Choudhary, Kamal Wines, Daniel Garrity, Kevin F. Williams, Maureen Tavazza, Francesca Li, Kangming Hattrick-Simpers, Jason Gupta, Vishu Romero, Aldo H. Krogel, Jaron T. Saritas, Kayahan Fuhr, Addis Ganesh, Panchapakesan Kent, Paul R.C. Yan, Keqiang Lin, Yuchao Ji, Shuiwang Blaiszik, Ben Reiser, Patrick Friederich, Pascal Agrawal, Ankit Tiwary, Pratyush Beyerle, Eric Minch, Peter Rhone, Trevor David Takeuchi, Ichiro Wexler, Robert B. Mannodi-Kanakkithodi, Arun Ertekin, Elif Mishra, Avanish Mathew, Nithin Wood, Mitchell Rohskopf, Andrew Dale Wang, Shih-Han Achenie, Luke E.K. Xin, Hongliang Biacchi, Adam J. Material Measurement Laboratory National Institute of Standards and Technology MD20899 United States Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of Toronto 27 King’s College Cir TorontoON Canada Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Northwestern University EvanstonIL60208 United States Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics Princeton University PrincetonNJ08544 United States Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research Princeton University PrincetonNJ08544 United States Department of Physics and Astronomy West Virginia University MorgantownWV26506 United States Materials Science and Technology Division Oak Ridge National Laboratory Oak RidgeTN37831 United States Center for Nanophase Materials Science Oak Ridge National Laboratory Oak RidgeTN37831 United States Computational Sciences and Engineering Division Oak Ridge National Laboratory Oak RidgeTN37831 United States Department of Computer Science and Engineering Texas A&M University College StationTX77843 United States Globus University of Chicago IL60637 United States Data Science Learning Division National Lab ArgonneIL60439 United States Institute of Nanotechnology Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Kaiserstraße 12 Karlsruhe76131 Germany Institute of Theoretical Informatics Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Kaiserstraße 12 Karlsruhe76131 Germany Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Institute for Physical Science and Technology University of Maryland College ParkMD20742 United States Department of Physics Applied Physics and Astronomy Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute TroyNY12180 United States Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of Maryland College ParkMD20742 United States Department of Chemistry Institute of Materials Science and Engineering Washington University in St. Louis St. LouisMO63130 United States School of Materials Engineering Purdue University West LafayetteIN47907 United States Department of Mechan

Lack of rigorous reproducibility and validation are significant hurdles for scientific development across many fields. materials science, in particular, encompasses a variety of experimental and theoretical approaches that require careful benchmarking. Leaderboard efforts have been developed previously to mitigate these issues. However, a comprehensive comparison and benchmarking on an integrated platform with multiple data modalities with perfect and defect materials data is still lacking. This work introduces JARVIS-Leaderboard, an open-source and community-driven platform that facilitates benchmarking and enhances reproducibility. The platform allows users to set up benchmarks with custom tasks and enables contributions in the form of dataset, code, and meta-data submissions. We cover the following materials design categories: Artificial Intelligence (AI), Electronic Structure (ES), Force-fields (FF), Quantum Computation (QC) and Experiments (EXP). For AI, we cover several types of input data, including atomic structures, atomistic images, spectra, and text. For ES, we consider multiple ES approaches, software packages, pseudopotentials, materials, and properties, comparing results to experiment. For FF, we compare multiple approaches for material property predictions. For QC, we benchmark Hamiltonian simulations using various quantum algorithms and circuits. Finally, for experiments, we use the inter-laboratory approach to establish benchmarks. There are 1281 contributions to 274 benchmarks using 152 methods with more than 8 million data-points, and the leaderboard is continuously expanding. The JARVIS-Leaderboard is available at the website: https://***/jarvis_leaderboard/ © 2023, CC BY.

关键词： Electronic structure

Enriched Second-Harmonic Generation in Meta-Phase Barium Titanate Nanostructures Synthesized by Sol-Gel Hydrothermal Method

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SSRN

SSRN 2022年

作者： Mahalakshmi, Selvaraj Mayandi, Jeyanthinath Suresh, Sagadevan Venkatesan, Ragavendran Manikandan, K. Arumugam, Sonachalam Pearce, Joshua M. Venkatachalapathy, Vishnukanthan Department of Physics R.D. Govt. Arts College Tamilnadu Sivaganga630561 India Department of Material Science School of Chemistry Madurai Kamaraj University Tamilnadu Madurai625 021 India Nanotechnology and Catalysis Research Centre University of Malaya Kuala Lumpur50603 Malaysia Centre for High Pressure Research School of Physics Bharathidasan University Palkalaiperur Campus Tamilnadu Tiruchirappalli620 024 India Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering Western University LondonONN6A 3K7 Canada Department of Physics Centre for Materials Science and Nanotechnology University of Oslo P.O Box 1048 Blindern OsloNO-0316 Norway

This study reports on the second harmonic generation (SHG) of barium titanate (BaTiO 3 ) nanoparticles synthesized by a low-cost and easily-accessible sol-gel hydrothermal method at different temperatures (100-250 °C). According to the powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern, all of the prepared samples had meta-phase without a centre of symmetry and the crystal structure changes from simple cubic to rhombohedral at different temperatures. In addition to XRD, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) confirms the meta-phase in BaTiO 3 by showing a significant phase shift indicating structural distortion. The variation in particle size was observed from transmission electron microscope (TEM) images and the selected area electron diffraction (SAED) pattern as well supports the presence of structural distortion in the nanomaterials. The phase variation in BaTiO 3 has not only affected its structure, but also creates a disorder in its magnetic properties by changing it from paramagnetic to ferromagnetic for different synthesizing temperatures. This was determined with a vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) techniques. As a consequence of this structural deformation, particle size variation, and magnetic phase transition the second harmonic generation (SHG) conversion efficiency of BaTiO 3 has been improved. Hence this technique for synthesizing nanomaterials could be a promising candidate for fabricating bio-compatible imaging probes and coherent bio-markers in the field of medicine and electronics. © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Harmonic generation

Localization transition in three-dimensional stealthy hyperuniform disordered systems

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arXiv 2021年

作者： Sgrignuoli, F. Torquato, S. Dal Negro, L. Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering & Photonics Center Boston University 8 Saint Mary’s Street BostonMA02215 United States Department of Chemistry Department of Physics Princeton Institute for the Science and Technology of Materials Program in Applied and Computational Mathematics Princeton University PrincetonNJ08540 United States Division of Material Science and Engineering Boston University 15 Saint Mary’s Street BrooklineMA02446 United States Department of Physics Boston University 590 Commonwealth Avenue BostonMA02215 United States

The purpose of this work is to understand the fundamental connection between structural correlations and light localization in three-dimensional (3D) open scattering systems of finite size. We numerically investigate the transport of vector electromagnetic waves scattered by resonant electric dipoles spatially arranged in 3D space by stealthy hyperuniform disordered point patterns. Three-dimensional stealthy hyperuniform disordered systems (3D-SHDS) are engineered with different structural correlation properties determined by their degree of stealthiness χ. Such fine control of exotic states of amorphous matter enables the systematic design of optical media that interpolate in a tunable fashion between uncorrelated random structures and crystalline materials. By solving the electromagnetic multiple scattering problem using Green’s matrix spectral method, we establish a transport phase diagram that demonstrates a clear delocalization-localization transition beyond a critical scattering density that depends on χ. The transition is characterized by studying the Thouless number and the spectral statistics of the scattering resonances. In particular, by tuning the χ parameter, we demonstrate large spectral gaps and suppressed sub-radiant proximity resonances, facilitating light localization. Moreover, consistently with previous studies, our results show a region of the transport phase diagram where the investigated scattering systems become transparent. Our work provides a systematic description of the transport and localization properties of light in stealthy hyperuniform structures and motivates the engineering of novel photonic systems with enhanced light-matter interactions for applications to both classical and quantum devices. Copyright © 2021, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Phase diagrams