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Research Square 2021年

作者： Xu, Sheng Lei, Yusheng Li, Yuheng Lu, Chengchangfeng Yan, Qizhang Gong, Huaxin Zhang, Song Zhou, Jiayun Zhang, Ruiqi Chen, Yimu Tsai, Hsinhan Gu, Yue Hu, Hongjie Lo, Yu-Hwa Nie, Wanyi Lee, Taeyoon Luo, Jian Yang, Kesong Jang, Kyung-In Department of Nanoengineering University of California San Diego La Jolla CA92093-0448 United States Department of Chemical Engineering Stanford University StanfordCA94305 United States Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of California San Diego La Jolla CA92093 United States Material Science and Engineering Program University of California San Diego La Jolla CA92093-0418 United States Los Alamos National Laboratory Los AlamosNM87545 United States School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Yonsei University Seoul03722 Korea Republic of Department of Bio and Brain Engineering Korea Institute of Science and Technology Korea Republic of Department of Robotics Engineering Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology Daegu42988 Korea Republic of Department of Bioengineering University of California San Diego La Jolla CA92093-0412 United States

Compared with their three-dimensional counterparts, low-dimensional metal halide perovskites with periodic inorganic/organic structures have shown promising stability and hysteresis-free electrical performance, which paves the way for next-generation optoelectronic devices. However, when integrated in devices, they have relatively limited efficiencies because devices usually require carrier transport through the film thickness direction. In conventionally grown single crystals, the carrier transport in the thickness direction is hindered by the insulating organic spacers. In addition, the strong quantum confinement from the organic spacers limits the generation and transport of free carriers. The carrier dynamics is further compromised by the presence of grain boundaries in polycrystals. Here, we report a low-dimensional metal halide perovskite superlattice with efficient carrier transport in three dimensions by epitaxial growth. Epitaxy on a slightly lattice-mismatched substrate compresses the organic spacers in the superlattice, which weakens the quantum confinement and further improves carrier dynamics. The performance of a low-dimensional perovskite superlattice solar cell has been certified under the quasi-steady state for the first time. Moreover, the device shows an unusually high open-circuit voltage, due to a unique intra-band exciton relaxation mechanism. © 2021, CC BY.

关键词： Grain boundaries

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YBa2Cu3O7-δ Nano-SQUIDs Fabricated by Focused Helium Ion Beam Direct Writing

YBa2Cu3O7-δ Nano-SQUIDs Fabricated by Focused Helium Ion Be...

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IEEE International Superconductive Electronics Conference (ISEC)

作者： Hao Li Han Cai Ethan Y. Cho Yan-Ting Wang Shane A. Cybart Electrical and Computer Engineering University of California Riverside Riverside USA Material Science and Engineering University of California Riverside Riverside USA

We successfully fabricated high-transition temperature $(\mathrm{high}-T_{C})$ nano-scale superconducting quantum interference devices (nano-SQUIDs) by using a 32-keV focused helium ion beam (FHIB). The $\sim 0.5$ nm beam of the FHIB was used to disorder the crystaline lattice of YBa2Cu $3\mathrm{O}_{7-\delta}$ (YBCO) causing disorder that converts the material from superconductor to insulator at high dose. The SQUID loop size was 400 nm x 400 nm, with 200-nm wide Josephson junctions. Devices operated over a wide range of temperatures from 50 to 4 K and exhibited large voltage modulation with magnetic field as high as 500 $\mu \mathrm{V}$ .

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Distributed Feedback Control on the SIS Network Model: An Impossibility Result ⁎

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IFAC-PapersOnLine 2020年第2期53卷 10955-10962页

作者： Mengbin Ye Ji Liu Brian D.O. Anderson Ming Cao Optus-Curtin Centre of Excellence in Artificial Intelligence Curtin University Perth Australia Faculty of Science and Engineering ENTEG University of Groningen Groningen 9747 AG Netherlands Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Stony Brook University New York USA Research School of Electrical Energy and Material Engineering Australian National University Canberra Australia Hangzhou Dianzi University Hangzhou Zhejiang China Data61-CSIRO Canberra A.C.T. Australia

This paper considers the deterministic Susceptible-Infected-Susceptible (SIS) epidemic network model, over strongly connected networks. It is well known that there exists an endemic equilibrium (the disease persists in all nodes of the network) if and only if the effective reproduction number of the network is greater than 1. In fact, the endemic equilibrium is unique and is asymptotically stable for all feasible nonzero initial conditions. We consider the recovery rate of each node as a control input. Using results from differential topology and monotone systems, we establish that it is impossible for a large class of distributed feedback controllers to drive the network to the healthy equilibrium (where every node is disease free) if the uncontrolled network has a reproduction number greater than 1. In fact, a unique endemic equilibrium exists in the controlled network, and it is exponentially stable for all feasible nonzero initial conditions. We illustrate our impossibility result using simulations, and discuss the implications on the problem of control over epidemic networks.

关键词： deterministic epidemic models Susceptible-Infected-Susceptible (SIS) model complex networks control of networked systems differential topology monotone systems

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2D dynamic ionization simulation from ultrashort pulses in multilayer dielectric interference coatings 52

2D dynamic ionization simulation from ultrashort pulses in m...

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52nd Annual Laser Damage Symposium - Laser-Induced Damage in Optical materials 2019

作者： Zhang, Simin Davenport, Aaron Talisa, Noah Smith, Joseph R. Menoni, Carmen S. Gruzdev, Vitaly E. Chowdhury, Enam A. Ohio State University Department of Material Science and Engineering 2041 N. College Rd ColumbusOH43210 United States Colorado State University Electrical and Computer Engineering Department Fort CollinsCO80523 United States Ohio State University Department of Physics 191 W. Woodruff Ave ColumbusOH43210 United States XUV Lasers Inc. Fort CollinsCO80525 United States University of New Mexico Department of Physics and Astronomy AlbuquerqueNM87106 United States

ISBN: (纸本)9781510638334

The interaction of ultrafast laser pulses and dielectric materials has been under intensive research for improvement of laser induced damage of optics for high intensity lasers. A 2D model based on Keldysh photoionization and finite-different time-domain (FDTD) algorithm are used to simulate the ionization processes in multilayer interference coatings, taking nonlinear photoionization, impact ionization, and plasma collision into account. Simulation and experimental results of bulk fused silica with different pulse durations and angles of incidence are compared and discussed. We also simulated the interaction of a 40-layer SiO2/Ta2O5 high reflective interference coating designed for 45◦ angle of incidence and a p-polarized 5-fs pulse at a wavelength of 800 nm, and the damage threshold of the coating is estimated. © 2020 SPIE.

关键词： Laser damage

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Terahertz Cavity Phonon Polaritons in the Deep-Strong Coupling Regime

Terahertz Cavity Phonon Polaritons in the Deep-Strong Coupli...

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International Conference on Infrared and Millimeter Waves

作者： Andrey Baydin Manukumara Manjappa Sobhan Subhra Mishra Hongjing Xu Jacques Doumani Fuyang Tay Dasom Kim Felix G. G. Hernandez Paulo H. O. Rappl Eduardo Abramof Ranjan Singh Junichiro Kono Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Rice University Houston TX USA Smalley-Curl Institute Rice University Houston TX USA Department of Instrumentation and Applied Physics Indian Institute of Science Bangalore India Division of Physics and Applied Physics School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences Nanyang Technological University Singapore Department of Physics and Astronomy Rice University Houston TX USA Applied Physics Graduate Program Smalley-Curl Institute Rice University Houston TX USA Instituto de Física Universidade de São Paulo São Paulo SP Brazil Laboratório Associado de Sensores e Materiais Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais São José dos ampos SP Brazil Center for Disruptive Photonic Technologies The Photonics Institute Nanyang Technological University Singapore Department of Material Science and NanoEngineering Rice University Houston TX USA

We have studied the resonant and nonperturbative coupling of transverse optical phonons in lead telluride with photons in small-mode-volume terahertz cavities, observing a giant vacuum Rabi splitting on the order of the uncoupled phonon and cavity frequencies. Our terahertz time-domain spectroscopy experimental data, systematically collected as a function of sample thickness, temperature, and cavity length, can be well reproduced by our electromagnetic simulations. These results demonstrate that this uniquely tunable platform is promising for realizing and understanding predicted cavity-vacuum-induced ferroelectric instabilities, as well as for exploring applications of light-matter coupling in the ultra-and deep-strong coupling regimes in quantum technology.

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Deep-Strong Coupling between Cavity Photons and Terahertz TO Phonons in PbTe

Deep-Strong Coupling between Cavity Photons and Terahertz TO...

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Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO)

作者： Andrey Baydin Manukumara Manjappa Sobhan Subhra Mishra Hongjing Xu Fuyang Tay Dasom Kim Felix G. G. Hernandez Paulo H. O. Rappl Eduardo Abramof Ranjan Singh Junichiro Kono Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Rice University Houston Texas USA Smalley-Curl Institute Rice University Houston Texas USA Instrumentation and Applied Physics Department Indian Institute of Science Bangalore India Center for Disruptive Photonic Technologies The Photonics Institute Nanyang Technological University Singapore Department of Physics and Astronomy Rice University Houston Texas USA Applied Physics Graduate Program Smalley-Curl Institute Rice University Houston Texas USA Instituto de Física Universidade de São Paulo São Paulo SP Brazil Laboratório Associado de Sensores e Materiais Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais São José dos Campos SP Brazil Division of Physics and Applied Physics School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences Nanyang Technological University Singapore Department of Material Science and NanoEngineering Rice University Houston Texas USA

We have investigated the resonant coupling of photons with TO phonons in lead telluride in small-mode-volume terahertz cavities, observing a giant vacuum Rabi splitting on the order of the bare cavity–phonon frequency.

ISBN: (纸本)9781957171258

关键词： Electric fields Numerical simulation Optical constants Photons Physical vapor deposition Terahertz spectroscopy

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Triggering phase-coherent spin packets by pulsed electrical spin injection across an Fe/GaAs Schottky barrier

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Physical Review B 2021年第19期104卷 195202-195202页

作者： L. R. Schreiber C. Schwark G. Güntherodt M. Lepsa C. Adelmann C. J. Palmstrøm X. Lou P. A. Crowell B. Beschoten 2nd Institute of Physics and JARA-FIT RWTH Aachen University 52074 Aachen Germany JARA-FIT Institute for Quantum Information Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH and RWTH Aachen University 52074 Aachen Germany Peter Grünberg Institute (PGI-10) Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH 52425 Jülich Germany Department of Chemical Engineering and Material Science University of Minnesota Minneapolis Minnesota 55455 USA IMEC 3001 Leuven Belgium Departments of Electrical and Computer Engineering and Materials University of California Santa Barbara California 93106 USA School of Physics and Astronomy University of Minnesota Minneapolis Minnesota 55455 USA

The precise control of spins in semiconductor spintronic devices requires electrical means to generate spin packets with a well-defined initial phase. We demonstrate a pulsed electrical scheme that triggers the spin ensemble phase in a similar way as circularly polarized optical pulses generate phase coherent spin packets. Here, we use fast current pulses to initialize phase coherent spin packets, which are injected across an Fe/GaAs Schottky barrier into n-GaAs. By means of time-resolved Faraday rotation, we demonstrate phase coherence by the observation of multiple Larmor precession cycles for current pulse widths down to 500 ps at 17 K. We show that the current pulses are broadened by the charging and discharging time of the Schottky barrier. At high frequencies, the observable spin coherence is limited only by the finite bandwidth of the current pulses, which is of the order of 2 GHz. These results therefore demonstrate that all-electrical injection and phase control of electron spin packets at microwave frequencies is possible in metallic-ferromagnet–semiconductor heterostructures.

关键词： Faraday effect Spin injection Spintronics III-V semiconductors Schottky barriers

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Magnetic Immunoassays: A Review of Virus and Pathogen Detection before and Amidst the Coronavirus Disease-19 (COVID-19)

arXiv

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arXiv 2020年

作者： Wu, Kai Saha, Renata Su, Diqing Krishna, Venkatramana D. Liu, Jinming Cheeran, Maxim C.-J. Wang, Jian-Ping Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Minnesota MinneapolisMN55455 United States Department of Chemical Engineering and Material Science University of Minnesota MinneapolisMN55455 United States Department of Veterinary Population Medicine University of Minnesota St. PaulMN55108 United States

The novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), is a threat to the global healthcare system and economic security. As of July 2020, no specific drugs or vaccines are yet available for COVID-19, fast and accurate diagnosis for SARS-CoV-2 is essential in slowing down the spread of COVID-19 and for efficient implementation of control and containment strategies. Magnetic immunoassay is a novel and emerging topic representing the frontiers of current biosensing and magnetics areas. The past decade has seen rapid growth in applying magnetic tools for biological and biomedical applications. Recent advances in magnetic materials and nanotechnologies have transformed current diagnostic methods to nanoscale and pushed the detection limit to early stage disease diagnosis. Herein, this review covers the literatures of magnetic immunoassay platforms for virus and pathogen detections, before COVID-19. We reviewed the popular magnetic immunoassay platforms including magnetoresistance (MR) sensors, magnetic particle spectroscopy (MPS), and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). Magnetic Point-of-Care (POC) diagnostic kits are also reviewed aiming at developing plug-and-play diagnostics to manage the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak as well as preventing future epidemics. In addition, other platforms that use magnetic materials as auxiliary tools for enhanced pathogen and virus detections are also covered. The goal of this review is to inform the researchers of diagnostic and surveillance platforms for SARS-CoV-2 and their performances. Copyright © 2020, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Coronavirus

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Plasmonic random laser on an optical fiber tip

arXiv

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arXiv 2020年

作者： Khatri, Dipendra S. Li, Ying Chen, Jiyang Stocks, Anna Elizabeth Kwizera, Elyahb Allie Huang, Xiaohua Argyropoulos, Christos Hoang, Thang Department of Physics and Material Science University of Memphis MemphisTN38152 United States Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Nebraska-Lincoln LincolnNE68588 United States Department of Chemistry University of Memphis MemphisTN38152 United States

Random lasing occurs as the result of a coherent optical feedback from multiple scattering centers. Here, we demonstrate that plasmonic gold nanostars are efficient light scattering centers, exhibiting strong field enhancement at their nanotips, which assists a very narrow bandwidth and highly amplified coherent random lasing with a low lasing threshold. First, by embedding plasmonic gold nanostars in a rhodamine 6G dye gain medium, we observe a series of very narrow random lasing peaks with full-width at half-maximum ~ 0.8 nm. In contrast, free rhodamine 6G dye molecules exhibit only a single amplified spontaneous emission peak with a broader linewidth of 6 nm. The lasing threshold for the dye with gold nanostars is two times lower than that for a free dye. Furthermore, by coating the tip of a single-mode optical fiber with gold nanostars, we demonstrate a collection of random lasing signal through the fiber that can be easily guided and analyzed. Time-resolved measurements show a significant increase in the emission rate above the lasing threshold, indicating a stimulated emission process. Our study provides a method for generating random lasing in the nanoscale with low threshold values that can be easily collected and guided, which promise a range of potential applications in remote sensing, information processing, and on-chip coherent light sources. Copyright © 2020, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Light sources

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Recent advances and applications of deep learning methods in materials science

arXiv

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arXiv 2021年

作者： Choudhary, Kamal DeCost, Brian Chen, Chi Jain, Anubhav Tavazza, Francesca Cohn, Ryan WooPark, Cheol Choudhary, Alok Agrawal, Ankit Billinge, Simon J.L. Holm, Elizabeth Ong, Shyue Ping Wolverton, Chris Materials Science and Engineering Division National Institute of Standards and Technology GaithersburgMD20899 United States Theiss Research San diegoCA92037 United States Material Measurement Science Division National Institute of Standards and Technology GaithersburgMD20899 United States Department of NanoEngineering University of California San Diego CA92093 United States Energy Technologies Area Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory BerkeleyCA United States Department of Materials Science and Engineering Carnegie Mellon University PittsburghPA15213 United States Department of Materials Science and Engineering Northwestern University EvanstonIL60208 United States Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Northwestern University EvanstonIL60208 United States Department of Applied Physics and Applied Mathematics and the Data Science Institute Fu Foundation School of Engineering and Applied Sciences Columbia University New YorkNY10027 United States

Deep learning (DL) is one of the fastest growing topics in materials data science, with rapidly emerging applications spanning atomistic, image-based, spectral, and textual data modalities. DL allows analysis of unstructured data and automated identification of features. Recent development of large materials databases has fueled the application of DL methods in atomistic prediction in particular. In contrast, advances in image and spectral data have largely leveraged synthetic data enabled by high quality forward models as well as by generative unsupervised DL methods. In this article, we present a high-level overview of deep-learning methods followed by a detailed discussion of recent developments of deep learning in atomistic simulation, materials imaging, spectral analysis, and natural language processing. For each modality we discuss applications involving both theoretical and experimental data, typical modeling approaches with their strengths and limitations, and relevant publicly available software and datasets. We conclude the review with a discussion of recent cross-cutting work related to uncertainty quantification in this field and a brief perspective on limitations, challenges, and potential growth areas for DL methods in materials science. The application of DL methods in materials science presents an exciting avenue for future materials discovery and design. © 2021, CC BY.

关键词： Application programs

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