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物理化学学报 2021年第12期37卷 1-151页

作者：常诚陈伟陈也陈永华陈雨丁峰樊春海范红金范战西龚成宫勇吉何其远洪勋胡晟胡伟达黄维黄元季威李德慧李连忠李强林立凌崇益刘鸣华刘楠刘庄 Kian Ping Loh 马建民缪峰彭海琳邵明飞宋礼苏邵孙硕谭超良唐智勇王定胜王欢王金兰王欣王欣然 Andrew T.S.Wee 魏钟鸣吴宇恩吴忠帅熊杰熊启华徐伟高尹鹏曾海波曾志远翟天佑张晗张辉张其春张铁锐张翔赵立东赵美廷赵伟杰赵运宣周凯歌周兴周喻朱宏伟张华刘忠范 Institute of Science and Technology Austria Am Campus 13400 KlosterneuburgAustria Department of Chemistry National University of Singapore3 Science Drive 3117543Singapore Department of Chemistry The Chinese University of Hong KongShatinNew TerritoriesHong KongChina Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics and Institute of Advanced Materials Nanjing Tech UniversityNanjing 211816China School of Life Sciences Shanghai UniversityShanghai 200444China Centre for Multidimensional Carbon Materials Institute for Basic ScienceUlsan 44919Korea School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences Nanyang Technological UniversitySingapore 637371Singapore Department of Chemistry City University of Hong KongKowloonHong KongChina Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering and Quantum Technology Center University of MarylandCollege ParkMaryland 20742USA School of Materials Science and Engineering Beihang UniversityBeijing 100191China Department of Materials Science and Engineering City University of Hong KongKowloonHong KongChina Center of Advanced Nanocatalysis(CAN) Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the MicroscaleDepartment of Applied ChemistryUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid SurfacesCollaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials(iChEM)Xiamen UniversityXiamen361005Fujian ProvinceChina State Key Laboratory of Infrared Physics Shanghai Institute of Technical PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 200083China Advanced Research Institute of Multidisciplinary Science Beijing Institute of TechnologyBeijing100081China Beijing Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Functional Materials&Micro-Nano Devices Department of PhysicsRenmin University of ChinaBeijing 100872China School of Optical and Electronic Information Wuhan National Laboratory

Research on two-dimensional(2D) materials has been explosively increasing in last seventeen years in varying subjects including condensed matter physics, electronic engineering, materials science, and chemistry since the mechanical exfoliation of graphene in 2004. Starting from graphene, 2D materials now have become a big family with numerous members and diverse categories. The unique structural features and physicochemical properties of 2D materials make them one class of the most appealing candidates for a wide range of potential applications. In particular, we have seen some major breakthroughs made in the field of 2D materials in last five years not only in developing novel synthetic methods and exploring new structures/properties but also in identifying innovative applications and pushing forward commercialisation. In this review, we provide a critical summary on the recent progress made in the field of 2D materials with a particular focus on last five years. After a brief backgroundintroduction, we first discuss the major synthetic methods for 2D materials, including the mechanical exfoliation, liquid exfoliation, vapor phase deposition, and wet-chemical synthesis as well as phase engineering of 2D materials belonging to the field of phase engineering of nanomaterials(PEN). We then introduce the superconducting/optical/magnetic properties and chirality of 2D materials along with newly emerging magic angle 2D superlattices. Following that, the promising applications of 2D materials in electronics, optoelectronics, catalysis, energy storage, solar cells, biomedicine, sensors, environments, etc. are described sequentially. Thereafter, we present the theoretic calculations and simulations of 2D materials. Finally, after concluding the current progress, we provide some personal discussions on the existing challenges and future outlooks in this rapidly developing field.

关键词： Two-dimensional materials Transition metal dichalcogenides Phase engineering of nanomaterials Electronics Optoelectronics Catalysis Energy storage and conversion

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Terahertz emission from anomalous hall effect in a single-layer ferromagnet

arXiv

引用

arXiv 2019年

作者： Zhang, Qi Luo, Ziyan Li, Hong Yang, Yumeng Zhang, Xinhai Wu, Yihong Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering National University of Singapore 4 Engineering Drive 3 Singapore117583 Singapore Department of Electrical & Electronic Engineering Southern University of Science and Technology Xueyuan Rd 1088 Shenzhen518055 China Institute of Applied Physics and Material Engineering University of Macau Avenida da Universidade 999078 China

We report on terahertz emission from a single layer ferromagnet which involves the generation of backflow nonthermal charge current from the ferromagnet/dielectric interface by femtosecond laser excitation and subsequent conversion of the charge current to a transverse transient charge current via the anomalous Hall effect, thereby generating the THz radiation. The THz emission can be either enhanced or suppressed, or even the polarity can be reversed, by introducing a magnetization gradient in the thickness direction of the ferromagnet. Unlike spintronic THz emitters reported previously, it does not require additional non-magnetic layer or Rashba interface. Copyright © 2019, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Ferromagnetic materials

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Chiral Phonons with Giant Magnetic Moments in a Topological Crystalline Insulator

arXiv

引用

arXiv 2022年

作者： Hernandez, Felix G.G. Baydin, Andrey Chaudhary, Swati Tay, Fuyang Katayama, Ikufumi Takeda, Jun Nojiri, Hiroyuki Okazaki, Anderson K. Rappl, Paulo H.O. Abramof, Eduardo Rodriguez-Vega, Martin Fiete, Gregory A. Kono, Junichiro Instituto de Física Universidade de São Paulo SP São Paulo05508-090 Brazil Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Rice University HoustonTX77005 United States Smalley-Curl Institute Rice University HoustonTX77005 United States Department of Physics The University of Texas at Austin AustinTX78712 United States Department of Physics Northeastern University BostonMA02115 United States Department of Physics Massachusetts Institute of Technology CambridgeMA02139 United States Applied Physics Graduate Program Smalley-Curl Institute Rice University HoustonTX77005 United States Department of Physics Graduate School of Engineering Science Yokohama National University Yokohama240-8501 Japan Institute for Materials Research Tohoku University Sendai980-8577 Japan Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais SP São José dos Campos12201-970 Brazil Department of Physics and Astronomy Rice University HoustonTX77005 United States Department of Material Science and NanoEngineering Rice University HoustonTX77005 United States

We have studied the magnetic response of transverse optical phonons in Pb1−xSnxTe films. Polarization-dependent terahertz magnetospectroscopy measurements revealed Zeeman splittings and diamagnetic shifts, demonstrating that these phonon modes become chiral in magnetic fields. Films in the topological crystalline insulator phase (x > 0.32) exhibited magnetic moment values that are larger than those for topologically trivial films (x Copyright © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Phonons

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Intrinsically patterned two-dimensional materials for selective adsorption of molecules and nanoclusters

arXiv

引用

arXiv 2020年

作者： Lin, X. Lu, J.C. Shao, Y. Zhang, Y.Y. Wu, X. Pan, J.B. Gao, L. Zhu, S.Y. Qian, K. Zhang, Y.F. Bao, D.L. Li, L.F. Wang, Y.Q. Liu, Z.L. Sun, J.T. Lei, T. Liu, C. Wang, J.O. Ibrahim, K. Leonard, D.N. Zhou, W. Guo, H.M. Wang, Y.L. Du, S.X. Pantelides, S.T. Gao, H.-J. Institute of Physics University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100190 China Department of Physics and Astronomy Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Vanderbilt University NashvilleTN37235 United States Institute of High Energy Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100049 China Material Sciences and Technology Division Oak Ridge National Laboratory Oak RidgeTN37381 United States

Two-dimensional (2D) materials have been studied extensively as monolayers 1-5, vertical or lateral heterostructures 6-8. To achieve functionalization, monolayers are often patterned using soft lithography and selectively decorated with molecules 9,10. Here we demonstrate the growth of a family of 2D materials that are intrinsically patterned. We demonstrate that a monolayer of PtSe2 can be grown on a Pt substrate in the form of a triangular pattern of alternating 1T and 1H phases. Moreover, we show that, in a monolayer of CuSe grown on a Cu substrate, strain relaxation leads to periodic patterns of triangular nanopores with uniform size. Adsorption of different species at preferred pattern sites is also achieved, demonstrating that these materials can serve as templates for selective self-assembly of molecules or nanoclusters, as well as for the functionalization of the same substrate with two different species. Copyright © 2020, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Monolayers

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Discovery of ionic impact ionization (I3) in perovskites triggered by a single photon

arXiv

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arXiv 2019年

作者： Xu, Zihan Yu, Yugang Niaz, Iftikhar Ahmad Chen, Yimu Arya, Shaurya Lei, Yusheng Miah, Mohammad Abu Raihan Zhou, Jiayun Zhang, Alex Ce Yan, Lujiang Xu, Sheng Nomura, Kenji Lo, Yu-Hwa Department of NanoEngineering University of California San DiegoCA United States Material Science and Engineering Program University of California San DiegoCA United States Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of California San DiegoCA United States

Organic-inorganic metal halide perovskite devices have generated significant interest for LED, photodetector, and solar cell applications due to their attractive optoelectronic properties and substrate-choice flexibility1-4. These devices exhibit slow time-scale response, which have been explained by point defect migration5-6. In this work, we report the discovery of a room temperature intrinsic amplification process in methylammonium lead iodide perovskite (MAPbI3) that can be triggered by few photons, down to a single photon. The electrical properties of the material, by way of photoresponse, are modified by an input energy as small as 0.19 attojoules, the energy of a single photon. These observations cannot be explained by photo-excited electronic band-to-band transitions or prevailing model of photoexcited point defect migration since none of the above can explain the observed macroscopic property change by absorption of single or few photons. The results suggest the existence of an avalanche-like collective motion of iodides and their accumulation near the anode, which we will call "ionic impact ionization" (I3 mechanism). The proposed I3 process is the ionic analog of the electronic impact ionization, and has been considered impossible before because conventionally it takes far more energy to move ions out of their equilibrium position than electrons. We have performed first principle calculations to show that in MAPbI3 the activation energy for the I3 mechanism is appreciably lower than the literature value of the activation energy for the electronic impact ionization. The discovery of I3 process in perovskite material opens up possibilities for new classes of devices for photonic and electronic applications. Copyright © 2019, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Iodine compounds

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Quantum Dot Laser Diodes emitting 1.57∼1.67μm at Room Temperature Grown by Block Copolymer Lithography and Selective Area MOCVD

Quantum Dot Laser Diodes emitting 1.57∼1.67μm at Room Temp...

引用

IEEE International Semiconductor Laser Conference

作者： Honghyuk Kim Wei Wei Thomas F Kuech Padma Gopalan Luke J Mawst Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Department of Material Science and Engineering Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering

Semiconductor Laser diodes (LD) employing quantum dot (QD) active regions have attracted attention due to the theoretical predictions: low threshold current density and low temperature sensitivity originated from the delta-function-like density of states and small active volume [1]. However, while high performance devices have been demonstrated, the realization of all the predicted advantages has remained challenging. Self-assembled QDs grown by Stranski-Krastanov (SK) growth mode can suffer from an inhomogeneity in the QD size distribution, as well as an inherent wetting layer [2]. In particular, the InAs QD formation on InP substrates for the emission wavelength near the telecom C-band (1.55μm) remains quite challenging, compared to that emitting near telecom O-band (1.3 μm) grown on GaAs substrate because of the smaller driving force for the nucleation of InAs QDs, stemming from the smaller lattice mismatch on InP [3]. On the other hand, nanopatterning and selective metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) growth offer a more controllable pathway for QD formation, allowing the QD size to be decoupled from the strain state of the material. This process results in the formation of dense arrays of wetting-layer-free QDs, although the challenges stemming from surface state formation and efficient carrier injection into the QDs have remained problematic issues [4]. Here, we report the first demonstration of laser diodes operating at RT, employing an In 0.8 Ga 0.2 As QD active region formed by nanopatterning and selective growth on InP substrate. The QDs are formed in close proximity to an In 0.53 Ga 0.47 As carrier collecting QW, which are schematically represented in Fig. 1 (a). The LDs employ an active region consisting of a dense single-layer array of compressively-strained In 0.8 Ga 0.2 As QDs (Density ~ 5-6× 10 10 cm -2 ), as shown in Fig. 1. (b).

关键词： Indium phosphide III-V semiconductor materials Lasers Cavity resonators Lithography Substrates Waveguide lasers

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Aperiodic photonics of elliptic curves

arXiv

引用

arXiv 2019年

作者： Negro, Luca Dal Chen, Yuyao Sgrignuoli, Fabrizio Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Boston University BostonMA02215 United States Division of Material Science and Engineering Boston University BostonMA02215 United States Department of Physics Boston University BostonMA02215 United States

In this paper we propose a novel approach to aperiodic order in optical science and technology that leverages the intrinsic structural complexity of certain non-polynomial (hard) problems in number theory and cryptography for the engineering of optical media with novel transport and wave localization properties. In particular, we address structure-property relationships in a large number (900) of light scattering systems that physically manifest the distinctive aperiodic order of elliptic curves and the associated discrete logarithm problem over finite fields. Besides defining an extremely rich subject with profound connections to diverse mathematical areas, elliptic curves offer unprecedented opportunities to engineer light scattering phenomena in aperiodic environments beyond the limitations of traditional random media. Our theoretical analysis combines the interdisciplinary methods of point patterns spatial statistics with the rigorous Green’s matrix solution of the multiple wave scattering problem for electric and magnetic dipoles and provides access to the spectral and light scattering properties of novel deterministic aperiodic structures with enhanced light-matter coupling for nanophotonics and metamaterials applications to imaging and spectroscopy. Copyright © 2019, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Light scattering

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Unidirectional Luminescence from Quantum Well Metasurfaces

arXiv

引用

arXiv 2019年

作者： Iyer, Prasad P. Decrescent, Ryan A. Butakov, Nikita A. Alhassan, Abdullah Lheureux, Guillaume Weisbuch, Claude Nakamura, Shuji Denbaars, Steven P. Schuller, Jon.A. Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of California Santa Barbara Department of Physics University of California Santa Barbara Department of Material Science and Engineering University of California Santa Barbara Solid State Lighting and Energy Electronics Center University of California Santa Barbara

III-Nitride light emitting diodes (LEDs) are the backbone of ubiquitous lighting and display applications. Imparting directional emission is an essential requirement for many LED implementations. Although optical packaging1, nano-patterning2,3 and surface roughening4 techniques can enhance LED extraction, directing the emitted light requires bulky optical components. Optical metasurfaces provide precise control over transmitted and reflected waveforms, suggesting a new route for directing light emission. However, it is difficult to adapt metasurface concepts for incoherent light emission, due to the lack of a phase-locking incident wave. In this Letter, we demonstrate metasurface-based design of InGaN/GaN quantum-well structures that generate narrow, unidirectional transmission and emission lobes at arbitrary engineered angles. We show that the directions and polarization of emission differ significantly from transmission, in agreement with an analytical Local Density of Optical States (LDOS) model. The results presented in this Letter open a new paradigm for exploiting metasurface functionality in light emitting devices. Copyright © 2019, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Light emitting diodes

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Photonic radio frequency arbitrary waveform generator based on an integrated 49GHz FSR kerr micro-comb source

TechRxiv

引用

TechRxiv 2020年

作者： Moss, David J. Tan, Mengxi Xu, Xingyuan Boes, Andreas Corcoran, Bill Wu, Jiayang Nguyen, Thach G. Chu, Sai T. Little, Brent E. Morandotti, Roberto Mitchell, Arnan Optical Sciences Centre Swinburne University of Technology HawthornVIC3122 Australia Electro-Photonics Laboratory Department of Electrical and Computer Systems Engineering Monash University VIC3800 Australia School of Engineering RMIT University MelbourneVIC3001 Australia Department of Electrical and Computer System Engineering Monash University ClaytonVIC3168 Australia Department of Physics and Material Science City University of Hong Kong Tat Chee Avenue Hong Kong State Key Laboratory of Transient Optics and Photonics Xi'an Institute of Optics and Precision Mechanics Chinese Academy of Science Xi'an China INSR-Énergie Matériaux et Télécommunications 1650 Boulevard Lionel-Boulet VarennesQCJ3X 1S2 Canada Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences University of Electronic Science and Technology of China Chengdu610054 China

We report a photonic-based radio frequency (RF) arbitrary waveform generator (AWG) using a soliton crystal micro-comb source with a free spectral range (FSR) of 48.9 GHz. We successfully achieve arbitrary shapes including square waveforms with a tunable duty ratio ranging from 10% to 90%, sawtooth waveforms with a tunable slope ratio of 0.2 to 1, and a symmetric concave quadratic chirp waveform with an instantaneous frequency of sub GHz. We achieve good agreement between theory and experiment, validating the effectiveness of this approach towards realizing high-performance, broad bandwidth, nearly user-defined RF waveform generation. © 2020, CC BY.

关键词： Microwave photonics

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Irregularly shaped γ´-Fe4N nanoparticles for hyperthermia treatment and T2 contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging with minimum dose

arXiv

引用

arXiv 2019年

作者： Wu, Kai Liu, Jinming Saha, Renata Ma, Bin Su, Diqing Peng, Chaoyi Sun, Jiajia Wang, Jian-Ping Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Minnesota MinneapolisMN55455 United States Department of Chemical Engineering and Material Science University of Minnesota MinneapolisMN55455 United States State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an Shaanxi Province710049 China

Magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) have been extensively used in drug/gene delivery, hyperthermia therapy, magnetic particle imaging (MPI), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), magnetic bioassays, etc. With proper surface chemical modifications, physicochemically stable and non-toxic MNPs are emerging contrast agents and tracers for in vivo MRI and MPI applications. Herein, we report the high magnetic moment, irregularly shaped γ'-Fe4N nanoparticles for enhanced hyperthermia therapy and T2 contrast agent for MRI application. The static and dynamic magnetic properties of γ'-Fe4N nanoparticles are characterized by vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) and magnetic particle spectroscopy (MPS) systems, respectively. Compared to the γ-Fe2O3 nanoparticles, γ'-Fe4N show at least 3 times higher saturation magnetization (in emu/g), which, as a result, gives rise to the stronger dynamic magnetic responses as proved in the MPS measurement results. In addition, γ'-Fe4N nanoparticles are functionalized with oleic acid layer by a wet mechanical milling process, the morphologies of as-milled nanoparticles are characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), dynamic light scattering (DLS) and nanoparticle tracking analyzer (NTA). We report that with proper surface chemical modification and tuning on morphologies, γ'-Fe4N nanoparticles could be used as tiny heating sources for hyperthermia and contrast agents for MRI applications with minimum dose. Copyright © 2019, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Nanoparticles

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