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European Conference on Networks and Communications (EuCNC)

作者： Shuping Peng Dimitra Simeonidou George Zervas Reza Nejabati Yan Yan Yi Shu Salvatore Spadaro Jordi Perelló Fernando Agraz Davide Careglio Harm Dorren Wang Miao Nicola Calabretta Giacomo Bernini Nicola Ciulli Jose Carlos Sancho Steluta Iordache Yolanda Becerra Montse Farreras Matteo Biancani Alessandro Predieri Roberto Proietti Zheng Cao Lei Liu S. J. B. Yoo High Performance Networks Group University of Bristol United Kingdom Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya Barcelona Spain COBRA Research Institute Eindhoven University of Technology Eindhoven the Netherlands Nextworks Pisa Italy Interoute S.p.A. Roma Italy Barcelona Supercomputing Center Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of California California U.S.A.

Current over-provisioned and multi-tier data centre networks (DCN) deploy rigid control and management platforms, which are not able to accommodate the ever-growing workload driven by the increasing demand of high-performance data centre (DC) and cloud applications. In response to this, the EC FP7 project LIGHTNESS (Low Latency and High Throughput Dynamic Network Infrastructures for High Performance Datacentre Interconnects) is proposing a new flattened optical DCN architecture capable of providing dynamic, programmable, and highly available DCN connectivity services while meeting the requirements of new and emerging DC and cloud applications. LIGHTNESS DCN comprises all-optical switching technologies (Optical Packet Switching (OPS) and Optical Circuit Switching (OCS)) and hybrid Top-of-the-Rack (ToR) switches, controlled and operated by a Software Defined Networking (SDN) based control plane for enhanced programmability of heterogeneous network functions and protocols. Harnessing the power of optics enables DCs to effectively cope with the high-performance applications' demands. The programmability and flexibility provided by the SDN based control plane allow to fully exploit the benefits of the LIGHTNESS multi-technology optical DCN, while provisioning on-demand, dynamic, flexible and highly resilient network services inside DCs.

关键词： Optical switches Optical packet switching computer architecture Optical fiber networks Protocols Servers

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Superradiant Decay of Cyclotron Resonance of Two-Dimensional Electron Gases

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Physical Review Letters 2014年第4期113卷 047601-047601页

作者： Qi Zhang Takashi Arikawa Eiji Kato John L. Reno Wei Pan John D. Watson Michael J. Manfra Michael A. Zudov Mikhail Tokman Maria Erukhimova Alexey Belyanin Junichiro Kono Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Department of Physics and Astronomy and Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering Rice University Houston Texas 77005 USA Advantest America Inc. Princeton New Jersey 08540 USA Sandia National Laboratories CINT Albuquerque New Mexico 87185 USA Sandia National Laboratories Albuquerque New Mexico 87185 USA Department of Physics and Birck Nanotechnology Center Purdue University West Lafayette Indiana 47907 USA Department of Physics School of Materials Engineering School of Electrical and Computer Engineering and Birck Nanotechnology Center Purdue University West Lafayette Indiana 47907 USA School of Physics and Astronomy University of Minnesota Minneapolis Minnesota 55455 USA Institute of Applied Physics Russian Academy of Sciences 603950 Nizhny Novgorod Russia Department of Physics and Astronomy Texas A&M University College Station Texas 77843 USA

We report on the observation of collective radiative decay, or superradiance, of cyclotron resonance (CR) in high-mobility two-dimensional electron gases in GaAs quantum wells using time-domain terahertz magnetospectroscopy. The decay rate of coherent CR oscillations increases linearly with the electron density in a wide range, which is a hallmark of superradiant damping. Our fully quantum mechanical theory provides a universal formula for the decay rate, which reproduces our experimental data without any adjustable parameter. These results firmly establish the many-body nature of CR decoherence in this system, despite the fact that the CR frequency is immune to electron-electron interactions due to Kohn’s theorem.

关键词： CYCLOTRON resonance QUANTUM electrodynamics QUANTUM wells TIME-domain reflectometry ELECTRON density ELECTRON-electron interactions

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Autonomic load balancing mechanisms in the P2P desktop grid 13

Autonomic load balancing mechanisms in the P2P desktop grid

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2013 ACM International Conference on Cloud and Autonomic Computing, CAC 2013

作者： Kim, Jik-Soo Nam, Beomseok Sussman, Alan National Institute of Supercomputing and Networking Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information Daejeon Korea Republic of School of Electrical and Computer Engineering Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology Ulsan Korea Republic of Department of Computer Science University of Maryland College Park MD United States

ISBN: (纸本)9781450321723

Peer-to-Peer (P2P) desktop grid computing systems circumvent the performance bottleneck and limited scalability of centralized Grid architectures resulting in a massively scalable and robust system. We have designed a set of protocols that implement a distributed, decentralized desktop grid via P2P techniques. Incoming jobs having different types of resource requirements are matched with system nodes through proximity in an N-dimensional resource space. In this paper, we address problems that arise from static load balancing mechanisms for assigning jobs to nodes that can arise for various reasons, including the heterogeneity of the available nodes or the jobs to be run, and from stale information in the P2P system. We greatly improve upon our prior work by providing lightweight yet effective dynamic load balancing mechanisms to overcome load imbalances caused by the limitations of the initial static job assignment scheme. Unlike other systems, we can effectively support resource constraints of jobs during the course of redistribution since we simplify the problem of matchmaking through building a multi-dimensional resource space and mapping jobs and nodes to this space. Throughout extensive simulation results, we show that dynamic load balancing makes the overall system more scalable, by improving system throughput and response time with low additional overhead. © 2013 ACM.

关键词： Grid computing

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CTS 2014 panel sessions

CTS 2014 panel sessions

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International Symposium on Collaborative Technologies and Systems

作者： Obinna B. Anya John V. Carlis Brent J. Hecht Daniel Keefe Obinna Anya Neale R. Chumbler Saif Khairat Joseph A. Konstan Danilo Pani Jason Evgenides Janet Girton Arlene King Joseph Zahn Gregory Padula Mary Galvin Accelerated Discovery Lab Almaden Research Center California USA University of Minnesota - Twin Cities Minnesota USA Department of Health Policy and Management College of Public Health University of Georgia - Athens Georgia USA Institute for Health Informatics University of Minnesota - Twin Cities Minnesota USA Department of Computer Science and Engineering University of Minnesota - Twin Cities Minnesota USA EOLAB - Microelectronics and Bioengineering Lab Dept. of Electrical and Electronic Engineering University of Cagliari Italy Organizational Enablement Shiloh Illinois USA Cyber Semantics Shiloh Illinois USA Strategic Communication C5T Shiloh Illinois USA Knowledge Management Specialist C5T Shiloh Illinois USA Vice President-Operations C5T Shiloh Illinois USA LexisNexis Special Services Inc. (LNSSI) Washington D.C. USA

This panel explores the many roles of data analytics in today's cross-domain collaborations. In some instances, cross-domain analytics are required to understand big data. In others, big data holds the key to understanding and evaluating how people collaborate across domains. Panelists will present their experiences with big data and collaboration, and discussion will be guided by the following questions: How does “understanding data through collaboration” relate to “understanding collaboration through data”? What modeling tools, visualizations, abstractions, and metrics can help facilitate collaborative discovery from big data? To what extent should these tools be tailored to specific domains or groups? How much do we need to know about another domain or group before we can intersect domain specific activities that constitute the context to various analytical processes, and cross-pollinate ideas for deeper analytics? What optimally would that other domain or group need to know about us? How much of this knowledge can we extract from data?

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Using dominant eigenvalue analysis to predict formation of alternans in the heart

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Physical Review E 2013年第5期88卷 052716-052716页

作者： Virendra Kakade Xiaopeng Zhao Elena G. Tolkacheva Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Minnesota Minneapolis Minnesota 55455 USA Department of Mechanical Aerospace and Biomedical Engineering and National Institute for Mathematical and Biological Synthesis University of Tennessee Knoxville Tennessee 37996 USA Department of Biomedical Engineering University of Minnesota Minneapolis Minnesota 55455 USA

Ventricular fibrillation at the whole heart level is often preceded by the alternation of action potential duration (APD), i.e., alternans, at the cellular level. As proven in many experiments, traditional approaches based on the slope of the restitution curve have not been successful in predicting alternans formation. Recently, a technique has been theoretically developed based on dominant eigenvalue analysis to predict alternans formation in isolated cardiac myocytes. Here, we aimed to demonstrate that this technique can be applied to predict alternans formation at the whole heart level. Optical mapping was performed in Langendorff-perfused hearts from New Zealand white rabbits (n = 4), which were paced at decreasing basic cycle lengths to introduce APD alternans. In each heart, the basic cycle length corresponding to the local onset of alternans, Bonset, was determined and two regions of the heart were identified at Bonset: one region which exhibited alternans (1:1alt) and one which did not (1:1). Corresponding two-dimensional eigenvalue (λ) maps were generated using principal component analysis by analyzing action potentials after short perturbations from the steady state, and mean eigenvalues (λ¯) were calculated separately for the 1:1 and 1:1alt regions. We demonstrated that λ¯ calculated at Bonset was significantly different (p<0.05) between the two regions. Our results suggest that this dominant eigenvalue technique can be used to successfully predict the local alternans formation in the heart.

关键词： VENTRICULAR fibrillation ACTION potentials (Electrophysiology) EIGENVALUES MUSCLE cells PREDICTION (Logic) PRINCIPAL components analysis

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Using a single diamond NV center for nanoscale fluorescence lifetime imaging

Using a single diamond NV center for nanoscale fluorescence ...

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Conference on Coherence and Quantum Optics, CQO 2013

作者： Beams, Ryan Smith, Dallas Johnson, Timothy W. Oh, Sang-Hyun Novotny, Lukas Nick Vamivakas, A. Institute of Optics University of Rochester Rochester NY 14627 United States Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Minnesota Minneapolis MN 55455 United States ETH Zurich Photonics Laboratory 8093 Zurich Switzerland

We study the near-field optical properties of a diamond nanocrystal hosting a single NV center. Using a single NV center as a probe of the electromagnetic mode structure, we demonstrate nanoscale fluorescence lifetime... 详细信息

ISBN: (纸本)9781557529787

关键词： Optical properties

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A quadratic-complexity observability-constrained unscented kalman filter for slam

A quadratic-complexity observability-constrained unscented k...

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作者： Huang, Guoquan P. Mourikis, Anastasios I. Roumeliotis, Stergios I. Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge MA 02139 United States Department of Electrical Engineering University of California Riverside CA 92521 United States Department of Computer Science and Engineering and Digital Technology Center University of Minnesota Minneapolis MN 55455 United States

This paper addresses two key limitations of the unscented Kalman filter (UKF) when applied to the simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) problem: the cubic computational complexity in the number of states and the inconsistency of the state estimates. To address the first issue, we introduce a new sampling strategy for the UKF, which has constant computational complexity. As a result, the overall computational complexity of UKF-based SLAM becomes of the same order as that of the extended Kalman filter (EKF)-based SLAM, i.e., quadratic in the size of the state vector. Furthermore, we investigate the inconsistency issue by analyzing the observability properties of the linear-regression-based model employed by the UKF. Based on this analysis, we propose a new algorithm, termed observability-constrained (OC)-UKF, which ensures the unobservable subspace of the UKF's linear-regression-based system model is of the same dimension as that of the nonlinear SLAM system. This results in substantial improvement in the accuracy and consistency of the state estimates. The superior performance of the OC-UKF over other state-of-the-art SLAM algorithms is validated by both Monte-Carlo simulations and real-world experiments. © 2004-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Computational complexity

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Peer Pressure: Exerting Malicious Influence on Routers at a Distance

Peer Pressure: Exerting Malicious Influence on Routers at a ...

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International Conference on Distributed Computing Systems

作者： Max Schuchard Christopher Thompson Nicholas Hopper Yongdae Kim Department of Computer Science and Engineering University of Minnesota Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science University of California Berkeley Department of Electrical Engineering Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST)

Both academic research and historical incidents have shown that unstable BGP speakers can have extreme, undesirable impacts on network performance and reliability. Large amounts of time and energy have been invested in improving router stability. In this paper, we show how an adversary in control of a BGP speaker in a transit AS can cause a victim router in an arbitrary location on the Internet to become unstable. Through experimentation with both hardware and software routers, we examine the behavior of routers under abnormal conditions and come to three conclusions. First, that unexpected but perfectly legal BGP messages can place routers into those states with troubling ease. Second, that an adversary can implement attacks using these messages to disrupt the function of victim routers in arbitrary locations in the network. And third, modern best practices do not blunt the force of these attacks sufficiently. These conclusions lead us to recommend more rigorous testing of BGP implementations, focusing as much on protocol correctness as on software correctness.

关键词： Routing protocols Memory management Hardware Software Routing Internet Communities

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Reconstruction of directed acyclic networks of dynamical systems

Reconstruction of directed acyclic networks of dynamical sys...

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American Control Conference

作者： Donatello Materassi Murti V. Salapaka Laboratory for Information and Decision Systems Massachusetts Institute of Technology Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Minnesota

ISBN: (纸本)9781479901777

Determining the relation structure of various interconnected entities from multiple time series data is of significant interest to many areas. Knowledge of such a structure can aid in identifying cause and effect relationships, clustering of similar entities, detecting representative elements for an aggregate and determining reduced order models. Current methods tend to treat observations in a static manner by modeling the measured time series as repeated realizations of as many random variables that are independent over time. This amounts to assume static relationships among the measurements, making these techniques ill-suited for detecting propagative and dynamic phenomena that can be fundamental for the understanding of the system. In this paper we extend techniques for the identification of networks of random variables connected through static relations to the case of random processes with dynamic relations. This is achieved by showing that the Wiener filter defines a relationship among jointly stationary stochastic processes that has the properties of a semi-graphoid.

关键词： acyclic network Random variable DYNAMICAL SYSTEMS Stochastic Processes Wiener filters dynamic phenomenon time series data Reduced order model Mentoring

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computer vision tools for low-cost and noninvasive measurement of autism-related behaviors in infants

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Autism research and treatment 2014年第1期2014卷 935686页

作者： Jordan Hashemi Mariano Tepper Thiago Vallin Spina Amy Esler Vassilios Morellas Nikolaos Papanikolopoulos Helen Egger Geraldine Dawson Guillermo Sapiro Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Duke University Durham NC 27708 USA. Institute of Computing University of Campinas 13083 Campinas SP Brazil. Department of Pediatrics University of Minnesota Minneapolis MN 55455 USA. Department of Computer Science and Engineering University of Minnesota Minneapolis MN 55455 USA. Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Duke University Durham NC 22708 USA. Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences and School of Medicine Duke University Durham NC 27708 USA. Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Department of Computer Science and Department of Biomedical Engineering Duke University Durham NC 27708 USA.

The early detection of developmental disorders is key to child outcome, allowing interventions to be initiated which promote development and improve prognosis. Research on autism spectrum disorder (ASD) suggests that behavioral signs can be observed late in the first year of life. Many of these studies involve extensive frame-by-frame video observation and analysis of a child's natural behavior. Although nonintrusive, these methods are extremely time-intensive and require a high level of observer training; thus, they are burdensome for clinical and large population research purposes. This work is a first milestone in a long-term project on non-invasive early observation of children in order to aid in risk detection and research of neurodevelopmental disorders. We focus on providing low-cost computer vision tools to measure and identify ASD behavioral signs based on components of the Autism Observation Scale for Infants (AOSI). In particular, we develop algorithms to measure responses to general ASD risk assessment tasks and activities outlined by the AOSI which assess visual attention by tracking facial features. We show results, including comparisons with expert and nonexpert clinicians, which demonstrate that the proposed computer vision tools can capture critical behavioral observations and potentially augment the clinician's behavioral observations obtained from real in-clinic assessments.

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