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arXiv 2024年

作者： Sepúlveda, Mauricio Vargas Malamud, Jonathan Schneider Department of Political Science University of Toronto Munk School of Global Affairs and Public Policy University of Toronto Canada Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Toronto Canada

This article introduces ‘cpp11armadillo’, a new R package that integrates the powerful Armadillo C++ library for linear algebra into the R programming environment. Targeted primarily at social scientists and other non-programmers, this article explains the computational benefits of moving code to C++ in terms of speed and syntax. We provide a comprehensive overview of Armadillo’s capabilities, highlighting its user-friendly syntax akin to MATLAB and its efficiency for computationally intensive tasks. The ‘cpp11armadillo’ package simplifies a part of the process of using C++ within R by offering additional ease of integration for those who require high-performance linear algebra operations in their R workflows. This work aims to bridge the gap between computational efficiency and accessibility, making advanced linear algebra operations more approachable for R users without extensive programming backgrounds. © 2024, CC BY-NC-SA.

关键词： MATLAB

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Joint Planning of Charging Stations and Power Systems for Heavy-Duty Drayage Trucks

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Ye, Zuzhao Yu, Nanpeng Wei, Ran Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of California Riverside RiversideCA United States School of Public Policy University of California Riverside RiversideCA United States

As global concerns about climate change intensify, the transition towards zero-emission freight is becoming increasingly vital. Drayage is an important segment of the freight system, typically involving the transport of goods from seaports or intermodal terminals to nearby warehouses. This sector significantly contributes to not only greenhouse gas emissions, but also pollution in densely populated areas. This study presents a holistic optimization model designed for an efficient transition to zero-emission drayage, offering cost-effective strategies for the coordinated investment planning for power systems, charging infrastructure, and electric drayage trucks. The model is validated in the Greater Los Angeles area, where regulatory goals are among the most ambitious. Furthermore, the model’s design allows for easy adaptation to other regions. By focusing on drayage trucks, this study also paves the way for future research into other freight categories, establishing a foundation for a more extensive exploration in this field. Copyright © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Investments

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Addressing the regulatory gap: moving towards an EU AI audit ecosystem beyond the AI Act by including civil society

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AI and Ethics 2024年 1-22页

作者： Hartmann, David de Pereira, José Renato Laranjeira Streitbörger, Chiara Berendt, Bettina Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science TU Berlin Berlin Germany Weizenbaum Institute for the Networked Society Berlin Germany LAPIN - Laboratory of Public Policy and Internet Public Policy Division Brasília Brazil Bonn Sustainable AI Lab University of Bonn Bonn Germany Kammergericht Berlin Berlin Germany Department of Computer Science KU Leuven Leuven Belgium

The European legislature has proposed the Digital Services Act (DSA) and Artificial Intelligence Act (AIA) to regulate platforms and Artificial Intelligence (AI) products. We review to what extent third-party audits are part of both laws and how is access to information on models and the data provided. By considering the value of third-party audits and third-party data access in an audit ecosystem, we identify a regulatory gap in that the AIA does not provide access to data for researchers and civil society. Our contributions to the literature include: (1) Defining an AI audit ecosystem incorporating compliance and oversight. (2) Highlighting a regulatory gap within the DSA and AIA regulatory framework, preventing the establishment of an AI audit ecosystem that has effective oversight by civil society and academia. (3) Emphasizing that third-party audits by research and civil society must be part of that ecosystem, we call for AIA amendments and delegated acts to include data and model access for certain AI products. Furthermore, we call for the DSA to provide NGOs and investigative journalists with data access to platforms by delegated acts and for adaptions and amendments of the AIA to provide third-party audits and data and model access, at least for high-risk systems. Regulations modeled after EU AI regulations should enable data access and third-party audits, fostering an AI audit ecosystem that promotes compliance and oversight mechanisms.

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A Comprehensive Exploration of Renewable Energy Education Landscape in Ethiopian public Universities

A Comprehensive Exploration of Renewable Energy Education La...

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IEEE Power engineering Society Conference and Exposition in Africa, PowerAfrica

作者： Adugnaw Lake Temesgen Getachew Bekele Vanesa Castan Broto Yacob Mulugeta School of Electrical and Computer Engineering Addis Ababa University Addis Ababa Ethiopia Urban Insctitute University of Sheffield Sheffield UK Department of Science Technology Engineering and Public Policy University College London London UK

ISBN: (数字)9798350389388

ISBN: (纸本)9798350389395

The renewable energy sector has experienced a rapid expansion, driven by rising fossil fuel costs, increasing concerns about energy security, and the imperative to electrify rural areas. This growth creates a demand for skilled professionals, and higher education institutions must respond by providing comprehensive and practical renewable energy education. This study aims to analyze energy education in Ethiopian public universities, considering program offerings, content, geographical distribution, challenges, and opportunities. To achieve this, a multifaceted methodology involving systematic curriculum reviews, targeted surveys, data compilation, and interactive spatial mapping is employed. Findings indicate a diverse landscape, with both standalone programs and integrated courses available. Among the 45 public universities, only 22% of them have Institutes of Technologies (IoTs), indicating a significant technology-focused institute gap. None of these universities provide standalone energy programs at the BSc level, and less than 10% offer such programs at the MSc level. Notably, key energy courses like “Energy Conversion and Rural Electrification” and “Hydropower engineering” have been identified, taught in 78% of public universities, and integrated within electrical Power engineering programs at the BSc level. However, the evident lack of practical training and experiential learning in energy education has implications for the sector's development in Ethiopia.

关键词： Training Surveys Systematics Reviews Education Hydroelectric power generation Energy conversion Electrification Stakeholders Security

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Understanding Price Formation in Grids Transitioning to Zero Marginal Cost Generation

Understanding Price Formation in Grids Transitioning to Zero...

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Power and Energy Conference at Illinois (PECI)

作者： Eleanor Adachi Eli Brock Ruth Kravis Energy and Resources Group Goldman School of Public Policy University of California Berkeley CA USA Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences University of California Berkeley CA USA

Transitioning electricity grids to $100 \%$ variable renewable energy (VRE) raises concerns about price formation in energy markets if most generators have zero marginal costs, as well as about reliability if the remaining fossil fuel generators shut down early because they cannot earn enough revenue to cover their costs. In this paper, we investigate what happens to market clearing prices, electricity demand, and producer surplus during the transition to $100 \%$ VRE using a five-bus network with price-responsive demand and storage. We employ a quasi-constant elasticity demand curve to simulate demand-side bids and use the DC optimal power flow approximation to model how supply, demand, and storage would be dispatched in the wholesale market. We find that with both price-responsive demand and storage, stable average prices can be maintained throughout the transition to $100 \%$ VRE. In addition, producer surplus per unit of installed capacity for dispatchable generators increases as the transition progresses.

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Real-World Community-in-the-Loop Smart Video Surveillance System

Real-World Community-in-the-Loop Smart Video Surveillance Sy...

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International Conference on Smart Computing (SMARTCOMP)

作者： Shanle Yao Babak Rahimi Ardabili Armin Danesh Pazho Ghazal Alinezhad Noghre Christopher Neff Hamed Tabkhi Electrical and Computer Engineering Department The University of North Carolina at Charlotte Charlotte USA Public Policy The University of North Carolina at Charlotte Charlotte USA

In recent years, smart video surveillance (SVS) systems have become essential in maintaining public safety and security, particularly in smart city environments. We propose an SVS system that uses advanced technologies such as artificial intelligence and computer vision to ensure the timely detection of anomalous behaviors and suspicious objects. The system’s performance is demonstrated through a smartphone application and real-world scenario videos, highlighting its effectiveness in enhancing citizen security with low latency. This paper represents a demonstration of such a system for implementing community-in-the-loop smart video surveillance systems and emphasizes their practicality in improving public safety in various settings. The study adds to the growing research on deploying smart video surveillance systems and underscores the importance of engaging local communities in these projects.

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Peer-to-Peer (P2P) Electricity Markets for Low Voltage Networks

Peer-to-Peer (P2P) Electricity Markets for Low Voltage Netwo...

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IEEE International Conference on Smart Grid Communications (SmartGridComm)

作者： Diana Vieira Fernandes Nicolas Christin Soummya Kar Dept. of Engineering & Public Policy Carnegie Mellon University USA IN+/LARSyS Instituto Superior Técnico Universidade de Lisboa Portugal Dept. of Electrical & Computer Engineering Carnegie Mellon University USA

ISBN: (数字)9798350318555

ISBN: (纸本)9798350318562

We develop a clearance and settlement model for Peer-to-Peer (P2P) energy trading in low-voltage networks. The model enables direct transactions between parties within an open and distributed system and integrates unused capacity while respecting network constraints. We evaluate the model through simulations of different scenarios (normal operating conditions and extreme conditions) for 24-hour time blocks. Our simulations highlight the benefits of our model in a decentralized energy system, notably its ability to deal with high-trade volumes.

关键词： Low voltage Adaptation models Schedules Renewable energy sources Electricity Peer-to-peer computing Smart grids Resource management Solar power generation Load modeling

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Multi-Band Resonant Photonic Crystal Antenna for 5G Applications

Multi-Band Resonant Photonic Crystal Antenna for 5G Applicat...

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Mediterranean Electrotechnical Conference (MELECON)

作者： Nila Bagheri Emanuel Teixeira Fernando J. Velez Jon M. Peha Faculdade de Engenharia Instituto de Telecomunicações – DEM Universidade da Beira Interior Covilhã Portugal Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering Dept. of Engineering & Public Policy Carnegie Mellon University Pittsburgh PA USA

ISBN: (数字)9798350387025

ISBN: (纸本)9798350387032

Extended reality (XR) is bridging the gap between virtual and real-world interactions enabling users to interact in realistic virtual worlds, removing physical obstacles, and establishing shared areas that promote greater comprehension and teamwork. The growing demand for high-frequency 5G communication systems supporting these new applications motivates the need of compact and efficient antennas capable of operating at millimeter-wave frequency bands. This work explores how the use of photonic crystal (PhC) leverages the properties of a multi-band antenna operating within the 27.0 GHz and 41.49 GHz resonant bands. The High-Frequency Structure Simulator (HFSS) software is utilized in this paper to outline a comprehensive design and modeling approach for the proposed microstrip patch *** design process involves optimizing the geometry and periodicity of the PhC structure to obtain resonant modes at the desired frequency bands by exploiting its bandgap properties, whilst enabling high quality resonances within the targeted frequency bands. The electromagnetic simulations and numerical analysis results demonstrate that the designed multi-band PhC-based antenna achieves a gain of 9.57 dBi. The resonant modes exhibit high quality factors, resulting in improved radiation efficiency. The proposed PhC-based antenna compact size, high gain, and multiple resonant bands make it suitable for a wide range of applications, including next-generation wireless communication systems supporting XR, radar systems, or satellite communications in the upper frequency bands.

关键词： Solid modeling Extended reality Metaverse Resonant frequency Bandwidth Millimeter wave radar Radar antennas

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Peer-to-Peer (P2P) Electricity Markets for Low Voltage Networks

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Fernandes, Diana Vieira Christin, Nicolas Kar, Soummya Dept. of Engineering & Public Policy Carnegie Mellon University United States IN+/LARSyS Instituto Superior Técnico Universidade de Lisboa Portugal Dept. of Electrical & Computer Engineering Carnegie Mellon University United States

关键词： Power markets

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BEYOND ALGORITHMIC FAIRNESS: A GUIDE TO DEVELOP AND DEPLOY ETHICAL AI-ENABLED DECISION-SUPPORT TOOLS

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Gonzalez, Rosemarie Santa Piansky, Ryan Bae, Sue M. Biddle, Justin Molzahn, Daniel H. Milton Stewart School of Industrial and Systems Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology United States School of Electrical and Computer Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology United States School of Public Policy Georgia Institute of Technology United States

The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) and optimization hold substantial promise for improving the efficiency, reliability, and resilience of engineered systems. Due to the networked nature of many engineered systems, ethically deploying methodologies at this intersection poses challenges that are distinct from other AI settings, thus motivating the development of ethical guidelines tailored to AI-enabled optimization. This paper highlights the need to go beyond fairness-driven algorithms to systematically address ethical decisions spanning the stages of modeling, data curation, results analysis, and implementation of optimization-based decision support tools. Accordingly, this paper identifies ethical considerations required when deploying algorithms at the intersection of AI and optimization via case studies in power systems as well as supply chain and logistics. Rather than providing a prescriptive set of rules, this paper aims to foster reflection and awareness among researchers and encourage consideration of ethical implications at every step of the decision-making process. Copyright © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

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