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Fault classification and identification through machine learning approaches for a solar PV – battery based water pumping system

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Multimedia Tools and Applications 2025年第14期84卷 13843-13864页

作者： Sowmmiya, U. Abinaya, K. Jhunjhunwala, Rishik Satpathy, Prateek Arul, R. Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering SRM Institute of Science and Technology Kattankulathur India Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering Vellore Institute of Technology Chennai India

The world progresses towards enabling renewable sources into the mainstream supply of energy and it is imperative to develop systems that can handle new challenges and disturbances. This paper aims at machine learning model-based fault identification and classification of an islanded Solar PV – battery integrated system feeding a water pumping system. The system is powered through solar PV and battery (discharge mode) which are controlled through Semi Pilot Cell based Fractional Open Circuit Voltage (SFOCV) method and conventional voltage control method respectively. The water pumping system is simulated using MATLAB which is interfaced with RT-LAB software for extracting the real-time data from the OPAL – RT Controller (OP4510) through Software-in-Loop (SiL) approach. All possible faults associated with a stand-alone solar PV-battery system are aggregated to execute the machine learning model. This data is pre-processed and the distribution plots are observed to describe the statistical nature of the data. The processed data is then used to train a Logistic Regression (LR) Model and Artificial Neural Network (ANN) Model to identify whether there is a fault or non-fault condition (Binary Classification) and then classify which fault case has occurred (Multi-class Classification). The models are trained and validated in the controller. The resulting comparative parameters such as accuracy and kappa values indicate that ANN model proves to be a better solution for fault identification and classification. Also, the cost functions (error) seem to be less in ANN model and the comparative results are discussed in this work. The proposed intelligent, fault identification and classification model being implemented with real-time data ensures reliability and immediate indication to the stakeholders on the status of the fault in the system. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2024.

关键词： MATLAB

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Enhancing Grid-Connected Hybrid Renewable Energy System with Super Lift Luo Converter for Improved Power Management and Reduced THD

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Journal of The Institution of Engineers (India): Series B 2025年第1期106卷 129-143页

作者： Ganga Bhavani, Chaladi S. Bhanu Prasad, N. Ravi Kishore, D. Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering GIET University Odisha Gunupur India Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering Godavari Institute of Engineering and Technology Rajahmundry India

In recent decades, use of renewable energy sources (RES) has become increasingly popular due to its reliable and clean source of electricity. Utilizing RES like solar and wind helps in ensuring energy sustainably. Furthermore, it is admirable to employ renewable resources popularly in order to generate energy that is both affordable and dependable. Solar and wind energy sources are intermittent, and their energy output can vary due to weather conditions. Combining them helps to mitigate the variability in power generation. In the proposed work in combination of solar and wind turbine source is implemented for increased system reliability with minimized cost. The proposed approach uses Super Lift Luo Converter to boost up the voltage generated from PV system. The employed Proportional Integral (PI) controller regulates the converter operation and aids in the generation of a stable voltage at the DC link. A similar process ensues in the Doubly Fed Induction Generator based Wind Energy Conversion System, which produces AC voltage that is converted into DC by a PWM rectifier to supply the DC Link with input power. In case of excess generation of energy from the hybrid systems, a battery is utilized for storing energy. For the conversion of DC electricity to AC, a three-phase voltage source inverter is supplied the DC link voltage. Grid synchronization is accomplished utilizing a PI controller, while the LC filter decreases harmonics. Grid synchronization is accomplished with help of a PI controller, and harmonics are reduced by an LC filter. The performance of suggested concept is appraised using the experimental setup and the corresponding results are verified utilizing MATLAB simulation. The proposed system operates at the efficiency of 96%, with reduced Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) of 0.93%. © The Institution of Engineers (India) 2024.

关键词： Pulse width modulation

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Impact of organically modified montmorillonite clay nanofiller on free volume and electrical properties of the composites

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Materials Research Innovations 2025年第3期29卷 168-179页

作者： Aradhya, Rashmi B M, Madhu Jagannathan, Sundara Rajan Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering Siddaganga Institute of Technology Tumakuru India

Polymer nanocomposites are increasingly used in insulation applications for enhanced electrical properties. However, there are intricate parameters that control the properties of the polymer, and hence investigations are required. This paper attempts to correlate the electrical properties of Epoxy/Organically modified montmorillonite clay composites with the free volume resulting from the incorporation of the Organically modified montmorillonite clay filler of 2, 5, and 7 weight per cent (wt.%). Positron annihilation spectroscopy has been used to compute the fractional free volume and free volume. The free volume percentage is observed to increase with the incorporation of 2 and 5 wt.% and reduces at 7 wt.%. A similar trend is observed in the average size of free volume. The filler increases the AC electric breakdown strength by 20%, arc resistance by 5%, and comparative tracking index by 10% at 5 wt.%. Thermal conductivity is seen to increase marginally with the filler. The surfaces of the composites are hydrophilic at 2 and 7 wt.%, and at 5 wt.%, it is hydrophobic. Longer durations of water diffusion render the surfaces of the nanocomposites hydrophobic. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy investigations reveal broadening of peak, increase in peak intensity and stretching of Si–O–Si bonds at 5 wt.% of filler due to exfoliation. An attempt has been made to understand the results of electrical parameters based on the results of positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy and thermal conductivity. © 2024 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.

关键词： Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy

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Intelligent integrated sensing and communication:a survey

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Science China(Information Sciences) 2025年第3期68卷 5-46页

作者： Jifa ZHANG Weidang LU Chengwen XING Nan ZHAO Naofal AL-DHAHIR George K.KARAGIANNIDIS Xiaoniu YANG School of Information and Communication Engineering Dalian University of Technology College of Information Engineering Zhejiang University of Technology School of Information and Electronics Beijing Institute of Technology Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering The University of Texas at Dallas Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Aristotle University of Thessaloniki

Integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) is a promising technique to increase spectral efficiency and support various emerging applications by sharing the spectrum and hardware between these functionalities. However, the traditional ISAC schemes are highly dependent on the accurate mathematical model and suffer from the challenges of high complexity and poor performance in practical scenarios. Recently, artificial intelligence (AI) has emerged as a viable technique to address these issues due to its powerful learning capabilities, satisfactory generalization capability, fast inference speed, and high adaptability for dynamic environments, facilitating a system design shift from model-driven to data-driven. Intelligent ISAC, which integrates AI into ISAC, has been a hot topic that has attracted many researchers to investigate. In this paper, we provide a comprehensive overview of intelligent ISAC, including its motivation, typical applications, recent trends, and challenges. In particular, we first introduce the basic principle of ISAC, followed by its key techniques. Then, an overview of AI and a comparison between model-based and AI-based methods for ISAC are provided. Furthermore, the typical applications of AI in ISAC and the recent trends for AI-enabled ISAC are reviewed. Finally, the future research issues and challenges of intelligent ISAC are discussed.

关键词： artificial intelligence deep learning deep reinforcement learning federated learning generative artificial intelligence integrated sensing and communication machine learning transfer learning

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Dynamic Analysis of Uniformity and Difference for Grid-following and Grid-forming Voltage Source Converters Using Phasor and Topological Homology Methods

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Journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean Energy 2025年第1期13卷 3-14页

作者： Haiyu Zhao Hongyu Zhou Wei Yao Qihang Zong Jinyu Wen State Key Laboratory of Advanced Electromagnetic Technology School of Electrical and Electronics EngineeringHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430074China

Grid-following voltage source converter(GFLVSC)and grid-forming voltage source converter(GFM-VSC)have different dynamic characteristics for active power-frequency and reactive power-voltage supports of the power *** paper aims to clarify and recognize the difference between gridfollowing(GFL)and grid-forming(GFM)frequency-voltage support more intuitively and ***,the phasor model considering circuit constraints is established based on the port circuit equations of the *** is revealed that the voltage and active power linearly correspond to the horizontal and vertical axes in the phasor space referenced to the grid voltage ***,based on topological homology,GFL and GFM controls are transformed and mapped into different *** topological similarity of the characteristic curves for GFL and GFM controls is the essential cause of their *** on the above model,it is indicated that GFL-VSC and GFM-VSC possess uniformity with regard to active power response,type of coupling,and phasor *** differ in synchronization,power coupling mechanisms,dynamics,and active power-voltage operation domain in the quasi-steady *** studies are undertaken on GFL-VSC and GFM-VSC integrated into a four-machine two-area *** results verify that the dynamic uniformity and difference of GFL-VSC and GFM-VSC are intuitively and comprehensively revealed.

关键词： Renewable energy grid-following converter grid-forming converter phasor method topological homology

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Impact Analysis of Electric Vehicles and Solar Distributed Generations in Power Systems Using Grey Relational Analysis and t- Stochastic Neighbour Embedding

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International Journal of engineering, Transactions B: Applications 2025年第6期38卷 1353-1368页

作者： Nidgundi, W. Kappali, M. Department of Electrical & Electronics Engineering SECAB Institute of Engineering and Technology Visvesvaraya Technological University Karnataka Belagavi India Department of Electrical & Electronics Engineering SDM College of Engineering and Technology Visvesvaraya Technological University Karnataka Belagavi India

The increasing prevalence of electric vehicles (EVs) presents challenges to the grid stability, particularly due to their uneven distribution throughout the network. This study investigates the impact of varying EV penetration levels and optimizes the placement of distributed generation (DG) and EVs to enhance grid voltage stability. A 24-hour load flow analysis using electrical Transient Analyzer Program (ETAP) software evaluates voltage stability, power losses, and ampere loading, providing input for grey relation analysis (GRA) to optimize DG and EV placement, with EVs modeled as both loads and sources. However, at 100% EV penetration, voltage drops by 7.5% during peak hours, and system losses increase by 15%. The use of DGs and EVs alleviates these challenges by enhancing the voltage profile to exceed 95% and decreasing system losses by 19%. Load flow results are further analyzed using the t- Stochastic Neighbour Embedding (t-SNE) machine learning algorithm, revealing deeper insights into system behavior and underlying patterns. The findings indicate that higher EV penetration enhances power system voltage stability and efficiency, with strategic DG placement and time-of-use strategies being essential for minimizing voltage drops, reducing losses and optimizing grid performance. ©2025 The author(s).

关键词： Stochastic systems

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An FPGA-based balancing of capacitor voltage for multi-level inverter

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Australian Journal of electrical and electronics engineering 2025年第1期22卷 92-104页

作者： Sahoo, Rajanikanta Roy, Molay Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering National Institute of Technology Sikkim Sikkim India

This paper introduces a novel cascaded multilevel inverter circuit configuration aimed at generating a five-level load voltage using a single DC source and a capacitor. In this inverter configuration, an additional switch is added to the charging circuit which helps to charge the capacitor from the DC source. Additionally, an inductor is incorporated to mitigate the substantial charging current during capacitor charging operation. A level-shifted pulse width modulation (LS-PWM) technique is implemented to generate gate pulses for both inverter and charging switches. The capacitor gets charged when an extra switch is enabled and discharged when it is connected to a load. Analysis of charging and discharging of capacitor is described thoroughly in this paper. Each operational mode of the inverter is thoroughly analysed. Furthermore, the proposed five-level inverter setup is designed, and its control logic is implemented using FPGA platform. Subsequently, simulation and experimental investigations are conducted under varied loads and different modulation indices to evaluate the efficacy of the proposed inverter configuration and the respective results are presented. ©, Engineers Australia.

关键词： Pulse width modulation

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Vector-Matrix Multiplier Architecture for In-Memory Computing Applications with RRAM Arrays

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IEEE Transactions on Nanotechnology 2025年 24卷 249-259页

作者： Boro, Bipul Parmar, Rushik Trivedi, Gaurav Department of electronics and electrical engineering Indian institute of technology guwahati Guwahati India

Artificial Intelligence (AI) has advanced to the stage where modern problems can be transformed into AI problems with computational costs. Increased complexity has exponentially raised computation and inference demands, primarily due to Von Neumann architecture limitations. In-memory computing (IMC) revolutionizes this paradigm by eliminating memory readwrite overheads. Notably, the utilization of Resistive Random Access Memory (RRAM) in vector-matrix multiplication (VMM) configurations within IMC architectures has demonstrated substantial performance enhancements. In the proposed work, utilizing Digital-to-Time Converters (DTCs) and Time-to-Digital Converters (TDCs) optimizes hardware resources substantially within in-memory computing (IMC) architectures. Our proposed DTC and TDC blocks exhibit power consumptions of 41 μW and 38 μW and delays of 896 ps and 530 ps. Additionally, we introduce a 4T −1R structure with Reset Stop Block (RSB) that facilitates 2-bit RRAM reprogramming and entails a latency of 1.07 μs and energy/cell of 0.11 pJ. The overall energy efficiency of Time-Domain VMM (TDVMM) architecture is 866.6 T ops/W, which is 1.61× more efficient than contemporary TDVMMs. Furthermore, our design consistently performs with a cycle-tocycle variability of 23%, showcasing its tolerance to variations. © 2002-2012 IEEE.

关键词： RRAM

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Energy Management System for Distributed Energy Resources using Blockchain technology

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Recent Patents on engineering 2025年第1期19卷 93-102页

作者： Kavin, R. Jayakumar, J. Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering Karunya Institute of Technology and Sciences Coimbatore India

Power generation in today’s world is of utmost importance, due to which blockchain is used for the categorization and formation of decentralized structures. This patent paper has proposed decentralized energy generation using a nester, i.e., energy sharing without third-party intervention. Decentralized blockchain technology is applied to ensure power sharing between buyer and seller, and also to achieve efficient power transmission between prosumer and consumer. Energy management is associated with controlling and reducing energy consumption. Blockchain technology plays a major role in distributed power generation, for example, power-sharing (solar and wind energy), price fixation, energy transaction monitoring, and peer-to-peer power-sharing. These are operations performed by blockchain in renewable power generation. Solar power generation using blockchain technology can obtain an impact resting upon the power generation system. Distributed ledger is the key area of blockchain technology for recording and tracking each transaction in the distribution system to improve the efficiency of the overall transmission system. A smart contract is another important tool in the blockchain technology, which is issued to confirm an assent between buyer and seller before starting any energy transaction without external intervention and also to avoid time delay. Maximum power point tracking is conducted in PV cells using blockchain technology. Blockchain influences energy management systems to improve the utilization of energy, optimize energy usage, and also to reduce the cost. © 2025 Bentham Science Publishers.

关键词： Distributed energy

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UPQC with hybrid HBD-SWO optimisation for improving power quality in a grid-connected HRES system

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International Journal of Industrial and Systems engineering 2025年第1期49卷 57-95页

作者： Lukka, Bhanu Ganesh Reddy, T. Rama Subba Kotapuri, Mercy Rosalina Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering VFSTR Deemed to be University Guntur522213 India Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering Vignan Institute of Technology and Science Hyderabad508284 India

In order to achieve the aim of supplying constant supply of power, renewable energy systems (RES), like solar, photovoltaic (PV), battery energy storage systems (BESS), and wind energy is researched. The main objective of this study is to provide a method for increasing power quality with hybrid access points to RES using optimal FOPID controller settings and UPQC. Non-linear system load and failure conditions seem to be the root of PQ issues with HRES. The UPQC uses series and shunt filtering methods to resolve the PQ issues with the aid of hybrid Honey Badger-salp swarm optimiser (HBD-SWO) method that inherits the qualities of SSA and HBA methods. The new technique involves fine-tuning the FOPID controllers’ variables of the shunt and series devices of UPQC. The efficiency of the proposed method is compared with that of conventional methods to prove the efficacy of the proposed approach in PQ enhancement. Copyright © 2025 Inderscience Enterprises Ltd.

关键词： battery energy management system FOPID photovoltaics renewable energy systems RES UPQC

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