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Cybersecurity advancements for medical image transmission: a hybrid optical-based cryptosystem harnessing chaos, DNA sequences, and mandelbrot keys

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Multimedia Tools and Applications 2025年 1-41页

作者： Alalwan, Nasser El-Shafai, Walid Amoon, Mohammed Benjdira, Bilel Department of Computer and Communication Engineering King Saud University Riyadh Saudi Arabia Prince Sultan University Riyadh11586 Saudi Arabia Robotics and Internet-of-Things Laboratory Prince Sultan University Riyadh12435 Saudi Arabia Department of Electronics and Electrical Communications Engineering Faculty of Electronic Engineering Menoufia University Menouf32952 Egypt

In today's advanced technological age, characterized by innovations like big data processing, cloud computing, and the Internet of Things (IoT), there is a rising utilization of medical multimedia data, especially medical images. These images, integral to the Internet of Healthcare Things (IoHT), necessitate secure transmission due to the increasing risks of unauthorized breaches and tampering. Current security methods, especially for cloud and mobile platforms, often struggle with challenges related to processing capacity, memory use, data size, and energy, making them ill-suited for extensive medical data or resource-limited environments. To address these challenges, this study introduces a novel hybrid cryptosystem, drawing on the unique qualities of the optical Arnold chaotic map, DNA (DeoxyriboNucleic Acid) sequences, and Mandelbrot keys, providing a fortified approach to the secure streaming of medical images. The proposed framework operates via a precise and structured procedure. It begins by applying the optical Arnold chaotic map cipher to each of the three-color channels (R, G, and B) within a medical image. This is followed by overlaying DNA encoding sequences on the resultant encrypted image from the earlier ciphering phase. Leveraging this groundwork, we incorporate an advanced Mandelbrot set-driven shift mechanism specifically designed to create complex confusion patterns within the R, G, and B segments of the encrypted medical imagery. The efficacy of the proposed cryptosystem is rigorously substantiated through an extensive array of simulations supported by a comprehensive security analysis. The results highlight its unparalleled resilience and security capabilities in the realm of medical image encryption, marking a significant leap over previous systems in the literature. Essentially, our work pioneers a solution to a pressing challenge in medical image security, ensuring enhanced protection of delicate health data among the rapidly evolving advanc

关键词： Cybersecurity

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Retinal disorder diagnosis based on hybrid deep learning models

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Multimedia Tools and Applications 2025年 1-25页

作者： Sedik, Ahmed El-Shafai, Walid El-Hag, Noha A. El-Banby, Ghada M. Abd El-Samie, Fathi E. Smart Systems Engineering Laboratory College of Engineering Prince Sultan University Riyadh11586 Saudi Arabia Department of the Robotics and Intelligent Machines Faculty of Artificial Intelligence Kafrelsheikh University Kafr el-Sheikh Egypt Computer Science Department Prince Sultan University Riyadh11586 Saudi Arabia Department of Electronics and Electrical Communications Engineering Faculty of Electronic Engineering Menoufia University Menouf32952 Egypt The Higher Institute of Commercial Sciences Algarbia Al Mahalla Al Kubra31951 Egypt Department of Industrial Electronics and Control Engineering Faculty of Electronic Engineering Menoufia University Menouf32952 Egypt Department of Information Technology College of Computer and Information Sciences Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University P.O. Box 84428 Riyadh11671 Saudi Arabia

Anomaly detection from medical images is badly needed for automated diagnosis. For example, medical images obtained with several modalities, such as magnetic resonance (MR) and confocal microscopy, need to be classified for anomaly detection. The MR images may contain tumors that need to be detected with anomaly detection techniques. In MR imaging, brain tumors are represented as areas composed of abnormal cells that need to be detected. On the other hand, confocal microscopy can be used for retinal imaging. Hence, there is a need to apply classification techniques for diagnosing diseases of the eye, such as Diabetic Retinopathy (DR), which leads to exudates in different regions of the retina. The detection of exudates is necessary for the diagnosis of DR. In this paper, two models are presented for the classification of MR and retinal images. Much research has been done in this area, but it did not achieve high accuracy of classification in an acceptable time. In addition, the previous models did not consider both types of image modalities considered in this paper. The suggested models are Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) and Convolutional Long Short-Term Memory (Conv-LSTM). They are used to classify normal and abnormal cases of both brain tumor and DR diseases. The CNN model is composed of six convolutional layers and six max-pooling layers. A soft-max activation function takes the classification decision. The proposed Conv-LSTM model is composed of three stages: pre-processing, feature extraction, and classification. The deep learning model performance is better than those of traditional networks. The CNN gives an accuracy of 94.26% for DR classification and 95.8% for brain tumor classification, while the Conv-LSTM gives the maximum accuracy of 96.41% for DR classification and 97.4% for brain tumor classification. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2025.

关键词： Confocal microscopy

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Automatic speaker identification system based on MLP network and deep learning in the presence of severe interference

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Multimedia Tools and Applications 2025年 1-42页

作者： Shafik, Amira Sedik, Ahmed El-Shafai, Walid Khalaf, Ashraf A. M. El-Rabaie, El-Sayed M. El-Samie, Fathi E. Abd Department of Electronics and Electrical Communications Engineering Faculty of Electronic Engineering Menoufia University Menouf32952 Egypt Department of Electrical Engineering Faculty of Engineering Minia University Minia61519 Egypt Smart Systems Engineering Laboratory College of Engineering Prince Sultan University Riyadh11586 Saudi Arabia Department of the Robotics and Intelligent Machines Faculty of Artificial Intelligence Kafr Elsheikh University Kafr El‑Shaikh Egypt Computer Science Department Prince Sultan University Riyadh11586 Saudi Arabia Department of Information Technology College of Computer and Information Sciences Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University P.O. Box 84428 Riyadh11671 Saudi Arabia

Automatic Speaker Identification (ASI) is so crucial for security. Current ASI systems perform well in quiet and clean surroundings. However, in noisy situations, the robustness of an ASI system against additive noise and interference is a crucial factor. An investigation of the impact of interference on ASI system performance is presented in this paper, which introduces algorithms for achieving high ASI system performance. The objective is to resist the interference of various forms. This paper presents two models for the ASI task in the presence of interference. The first one depends on Normalized Pitch Frequency (NPF) and Mel-Frequency Cepstral Coefficients (MFCCs) as extracted features and Multi-Layer Perceptron (MLP) as a classifier. In this model, we investigate the utilization of a Discrete Transform (DT), such as Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT), Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT) and Discrete Sine Transform (DST), to increase the robustness of extracted features against different types of degradation through exploiting the sub-band decomposition characteristics of DWT and the energy compaction property of DCT and DST. This is achieved by extracting features directly from contaminated speech signals in addition to features extracted from discrete transformed signals to create hybrid feature vectors. The enhancement techniques, such as Spectral Subtraction (SS), Winer Filter, and adaptive Wiener filter, are used in a preprocessing stage to eliminate the effect of the interference on the ASI system. In the second model, we investigate the utilization of Deep Learning (DL) based on a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) with speech signal spectrograms and their Radon transforms to increase the robustness of the ASI system against interference effects. One of this paper goals is to introduce a comparison between the two models and build a more robust ASI system against severe interference. The experimental results indicate that the two proposed models lead to satisfa

关键词： Additive noise

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Fundus Image Classification via an Integrated Deep Learning Model and Random Forest for Glaucoma Diagnostics 2nd

Fundus Image Classification via an Integrated Deep Learnin...

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2nd International Conference on Intelligent Manufacturing and robotics, ICIMR 2024

作者： Zeng, Haotian Cong, Jiheng Hong, Hantong Yu, Zihan Zhang, Fan Li, Guojie School of Advanced Technology Xi’an Jiaotong-Liverpool University Suzhou China School of Robotics Xi’an Jiaotong-Liverpool University Suzhou China Hebei University of Environmental Engineering Qinhuangdao China School of Electrical Engineering Electronics and Computer Science University of Liverpool Liverpool United Kingdom

ISBN: (纸本)9789819639489

Glaucoma is a leading cause of irreversible blindness, often worsened by delayed diagnosis. Traditional diagnostic methods have limitations in early detection and require significant expertise. Recent advancements in machine learning and deep learning have shown promise in enhancing the diagnostic accuracy and efficiency of glaucoma detection using fundus imagery. This study presents a four-stage method for glaucoma classification. Fundus images are processed using VGG16 and ViT for feature extraction, capturing both local and global features. These features are then fused and reduced in dimensionality using Principal Component Analysis. Finally, the reduced features are classified using a Random Forest classifier. The integrated feature fusion model demonstrates significant improvements in diagnostic performance, achieving higher accuracy, specificity, and sensitivity in distinguishing between non-referable and referable glaucoma classes compared to traditional methods. Specifically, our model achieved an accuracy of 94.2%, an F1 score of 94.2%, a sensitivity of 94.44%, and a specificity of 94.0%. The use of both CNNs and ViTs for feature extraction leverages their strengths, resulting in a more effective diagnostic tool. The combination of CNNs, ViTs, and Random Forest classifiers, along with advanced data augmentation techniques, shows substantial potential for early glaucoma detection and ongoing monitoring. This approach addresses the limitations of current machine learning models and enhances diagnostic accuracy and efficiency, making it a promising tool for clinical settings. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2025.

关键词： Ophthalmology

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Empowering Dysarthric Communication: Hybrid Transformer-CTC-Based Speech Recognition System

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IEEE Access 2025年 13卷 82479-82491页

作者： Vinotha, R. Hepsiba, D. Anand, L. D. Vijay Bruntha, P. Malin Dinh, Linh Dang, Hien Karunya Institute of Technology and Sciences Department of Robotics Engineering Tamil Nadu Coimbatore641114 India Karunya Institute of Technology and Sciences Department of Biomedical Engineering Tamil Nadu Coimbatore641114 India Karunya Institute of Technology and Sciences Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering Tamil Nadu Coimbatore641114 India Suffolk University Department of Information Systems BostonMA02108 United States Thuyloi University Faculty of Computer Science and Engineering Hanoi116705 Viet Nam Molloy University Department of Mathematics and Computer Science Rockville CentreNY11570 United States

Dysarthria, a motor speech disorder, impairs the muscles involved in speech production, leading to challenges in articulation, pronunciation, and overall communication. This results in slow, slurred speech that is difficult to understand. Augmentative and Alternative Communication (AAC) aids integrated with speech recognition technology offer a promising solution for individuals with dysarthria. However, Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) systems trained on typical speech data often struggle to recognize dysarthric speech due to its unique speech patterns and limited training data. To address these challenges, a hybrid Transformer-CTC model has been proposed for improving ASR performance on dysarthric speech. The Transformer architecture employs a self-attention mechanism that models complex dependencies between speech features, enabling it to identify and emphasize important patterns even when training data is limited. This ability is particularly crucial for dysarthric speech, where speech signals often exhibit high variability. On the other hand, Connectionist Temporal Classification (CTC) acts as an effective transcription layer. It aligns speech features with character sequences without requiring precise input-output alignment, making it well-suited for handling the inconsistencies and distortions present in dysarthric speech. The integration of these components creates a powerful architecture capable of learning nuanced speech patterns and delivering accurate transcriptions for dysarthric speech. The model was trained using the UA speech corpus, containing 13 hours of speech from 15 speakers with varying dysarthria levels. The proposed hybrid system achieves an impressive Word Recognition Accuracy (WRA) of 89%, demonstrating its effectiveness in accurately transcribing dysarthric speech. This innovative approach significantly advances the development of ASR technologies tailored to diverse and variable speech patterns, ultimately enhancing communication for in

关键词： Speech analysis

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Unpaired Shadow Removal: Enhancing Attention to Shadow Areas via Dropkey

Unpaired Shadow Removal: Enhancing Attention to Shadow Areas...

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2025 International Conference on electronics, Information, and Communication, ICEIC 2025

作者： Yang, Jaewon Shin, Ukcheol Cho, Donghyeon Chungnam National University Dept. of Electronics Engineering Daejeon Korea Republic of Robotics Institute Carnegie Mellon University Pittsburgh United States Hanyang University Dept. of Computer Science Seoul Korea Republic of

ISBN: (纸本)9798331510756

Shadows appear in image areas where an object obstructs the light path. These areas, having lower values than non-shadow areas, degrade image quality and lead to issues in object recognition and segmentation. Supervised shadow removal depends on datasets with shadow and shadow-free image pairs, sparking increased interest in unpaired techniques. However, unpaired shadow removal faces challenges in accurately focusing on shadow areas without direct supervisory signals from ground truth. Consequently, shadows are not effectively removed, and non-shadow areas may suffer from unintended distortions. In this paper, we introduce a transformer-based network designed to identify shadow areas accurately, leveraging global context through spatial and channel attention mechanisms. Additionally, in the training phase, the transformer network is trained to precisely concentrate on shadow areas using a domain classifier and a dropkey mechanism, which randomly drops features of the keys to enhance focus. Our method is tested across several benchmark datasets for shadow removal, such as ISTD, ISTD+, SRD and WSRD, demonstrating better performance compared to current unpaired approaches. © 2025 IEEE.

关键词： Image segmentation

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Towards backward compatibility of ADRC: revisiting classical state-feedback control with integral compensator

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Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences: Technical Sciences 2025年第2期73卷

作者： Mrotek, Mikolaj Michalski, Jacek Madonski, Rafal Pazderski, Dariusz Retinger, Marek Faculty of Control Robotics and Electrical Engineering Institute of Robotics and Machine Intelligence Poznan University of Technology Piotrowo 3a Poznan60-965 Poland Faculty of Automatic Control Electronics and Computer Science Department of Automatic Control and Robotics Silesian University of Technology Akademicka 16 Gliwice44-100 Poland Faculty of Control Robotics and Electrical Engineering Institute of Automatic Control and Robotics Poznan University of Technology Piotrowo 3a Poznan60-965 Poland

In this paper, the problem of backward compatibility of active disturbance rejection control (ADRC) is investigated. The goal is to contextualize ADRC to deliver its interpretations from the established field of linear control systems. For this study, a control algorithm, denoted here as integral disturbance rejection control (IDRC), is considered that combines classical state-feedback control with an integral compensator. At first, an interpretation of ADRC is involved in terms of existing state-space control approaches. Next, a transition to the frequency domain is performed, which is justified as a significant part of practical control engineering is conducted in that domain. For assumed specific plant structures, both ADRC and IDRC are then holistically compared in terms of transfer function representation and frequency characteristics, as well as steady-state convergence conditions. Such a juxtaposition helps to highlight the similarities and differences of both approaches, whereas the utilized bandwidth parameterization is shown to bring the control system to the same form, thus indicating some interesting practical aspects. Finally, the theoretical results concerning both considered control structures are validated in a set of numerical simulations and experiments conducted on a laboratory hardware testbed. © 2025 The Author(s).

关键词： Disturbance rejection

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Dual-UNet: An End-to-End Deep Learning Framework for the Automatic Chronic Diabetic Wound Segmentation

Dual-UNet: An End-to-End Deep Learning Framework for the Aut...

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Computing and Information Technology (ICCIT-1441), 2020 International Conference on

作者： Mustafa Alhababi Gregory Auner Hafiz Malik Lubna Alazzawi Muteb Aljasem Electrical and Computer Engineering Wayne State University Detroit MI USA Department of Smart Sensors and Integrated Microsystems Program Wayne State University Detroit MI USA Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Michigan-Dearborn Dearborn MI USA Electronics and Computer Engineering & Robotics Engineering Bowling Green State University Bowling Green OH USA

ISBN: (数字)9798350353839

ISBN: (纸本)9798350353846

Foot ulcers are one of the chronic wounds commonly occurring in diabetic patients and are associated with a high risk of major or minor amputations. Evaluation and measurement of such wounds are done manually by experts to assess the wound healing and suggest further treatment. Manual assessment methods can cause infections at times and are less feasible in the existence of pandemic situations. The development of artificial intelligence has brought a revolution in many domains of medical imaging. Deep learning-based computer-aided approaches can be applied to assist clinicians in assessing and monitoring chronic wounds. Wound segmentation helps to measure wound area which is useful for assessing its healing progress. In this research work, a deep learning-based segmentation method, namely Dual-UNet is presented for precisely segmenting the diabetic foot ulcers images. The foot ulcer images are passed to Dual-UNet to generate the mask image having the segmented wound area. We proposed two modified UNets each having a customized encoder and decoder with skip connections, atrous spatial pyramid pooling (ASPP) block, and output block to improve the segmentation results. We assessed our framework by performing experimentation on two benchmark datasets, named the foot ulcer segmentation (FUSeg) challenge and the AZH segmentation dataset. Additionally, we have also assessed our Dual-UNet for cross-corpora validation to demonstrate the generalization capability of the proposed approach. The qualitative and quantitative results highlight the accuracy and effectiveness of the Dual-UN et framework for segmenting chronic diabetic wounds. Future research should focus on the development of large and diverse wound datasets and improving the results for cross-corpora evaluation.

关键词： Deep learning Image segmentation Pandemics Computational modeling Manuals Wounds Diabetes Decoding Information technology Monitoring

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CLEAR-Net: A Cascaded Local and External Attention Network for Enhanced Dehazing of Remote Sensing Images

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IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing 2025年

作者： Ali, Anas M. El-Rabaie, El-Sayed M. Ramadan, Khalil F. El-Samie, Fathi E. Abd El-Shafai, Walid Prince Sultan University Robotics and Internet-of-Things Laboratory Riyadh12435 Saudi Arabia Faculty of Electronic Engineering Menoufia University Department of Electronics and Electrical Communications Engineering Menouf32952 Egypt Computer Science Department Riyadh11586 Saudi Arabia

Atmospheric haze degrades remote sensing images by obscuring critical details, diminishing data interpretation accuracy. This paper presents CLEAR-Net: Cascaded Local and External Attention Resource Network, a novel dehazing framework designed to enhance clarity and detail in remote sensing images. CLEAR-Net employs a two-block cascaded architecture to address both global and local haze effects. The first block utilizes an Outer Global Attention (OGA) mechanism, processing global features via a U-Net Inner Attention (UIA) module to mitigate widespread haze. The second block focuses on Outer Local Attention (OLA), refining local image features through reintegration with the UIA module. An ensemble method selects the most effective model weights based on perceptual quality metrics, and a composite loss function emphasizes the preservation of high-frequency details to maintain textural and edge fidelity. CLEAR-Net's efficacy is evaluated on the SateHaze1k and RICE datasets, outperforming existing state-of-theart dehazing techniques. On SateHaze1k, CLEAR-Net achieves an average PSNR of 27.876 dB, surpassing the next best model by approximately 4.81%;under moderate fog, it attains a PSNR of 30.824 dB, about 9.8% higher than existing methods. On the RICE dataset, which includes challenging cloud cover, CLEARNet achieves PSNRs of 36.873 dB on RICE1 and 34.624 dB on RICE2, improving over next-best models by approximately 18.2% and 12%, respectively, and attains the lowest LPIPS values, indicating superior perceptual quality. © 2008-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Demulsification

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Enhancing the Performance of Machine Learning Classification Models

Enhancing the Performance of Machine Learning Classification...

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International Symposium on INFOTEH-JAHORINA (INFOTEH)

作者： Cihat Talat Akpinar Özcan Koşar Akif Durdu Computer Engineering Research and Development Elfatek Elektronik Ltd. Co. Konya Turkey Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering Robotics Automation Control Laboratory (RAC-LAB) Konya Technical University Konya Turkey

ISBN: (数字)9798331515799

ISBN: (纸本)9798331515805

This study aims to compare and improve the performance of four different machine learning algorithms (Naive Bayes, Multi-Layer Perceptron (MLP), Decision Trees, and Support Vector Machines (SVM)) in classification problems. The analyses emphasize the impact of data preprocessing steps and hyperparameter optimization on model performance. As part of the data preprocessing, missing values were imputed, categorical data were transformed into numerical data, and normalization procedures were applied. It was observed that normalization significantly enhanced the performance of the MLP and SVM algorithms in particular. Furthermore, additional improvements in accuracy rates were achieved through hyperparameter optimization. Naive Bayes and Decision Trees were found to exhibit stable performance regardless of data scaling. This study demonstrates that proper data preprocessing and model selection can significantly enhance algorithm performance in classification problems.

关键词： Support vector machines Accuracy Machine learning algorithms Data preprocessing Hyperparameter optimization Data models Bayes methods Classification algorithms Numerical models Decision trees

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