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Proceedings of the 2025 ACM/SIGDA International Symposium on Field programmable Gate Arrays

作者： Ling-Chi Yang Chi-Jui Chen Trung Le Bo-Cheng Lai Scott Hauck Shih-Chieh Hsu Institute of Electronics National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Hsinchu Taiwan Graduate Degree Program of College of Electrical and Computer Engineering in National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Hsinchu Taiwan Electrical and Computer Engineering in University of Washington Seattle USA Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Washington Seattle USA Physics University of Washington Seattle USA

ISBN: (纸本)9798400713965

FPGAs are a compelling substrate for supporting machine learning inference. Tools such as High-Level Synthesis and hls4ml can shorten the development cycle for deploying ML algorithms on FPGAs, but can struggle to handle the large on-chip storage needed for many of these models. In particular the high BRAM usage found in many of these flows can cause Place & Route failures during synthesis. In this paper we propose using a Simulated-Annealing based flow to perform BRAM-aware quantization. This approach trades off inference accuracy with BRAM usage, to provide a high-quality inference engine that still meets on-chip resource constraints. We demonstrate this flow for Transformer-based machine learning algorithms, which include Flash Attention in a Stream-based Dataflow architecture. Our system imposes minimal accuracy drops, yet can reduce BRAM usage by 20%-50%, and improve power efficiency by 264%-812% compared to existing Transformer-based accelerators on FPGAs

关键词： efficient transformer

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Real-time Vehicle Detection and Tracking on Fisheye Traffic Monitoring Video in Compressed Domain

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APSIPA Transactions on Signal and Information Processing 2023年第4期12卷

作者： Ardianto, Sandy Hang, Hsueh-Ming Cheng, Wen-Huang Electrical Engineering and Computer Science International Graduate Program National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Hsinchu Taiwan Institute of Electronics National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Hsinchu Taiwan Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering National Taiwan University Taipei Taiwan

Our goal is to develop real-time vehicle detection and tracking schemes for fisheye traffic monitoring video using the temporal information in the compressed domain without decoding the entire video. Two algorithms are proposed. The first algorithm starts with a conventional single-frame detector, but we introduce a multi-frame information fusion stage to improve the final detection and tracking accuracy, which is implemented using multi-modal bi-directional LSTM (MM bi-LSTM) network. The second algorithm first constructs multi-frame motion trail image, and then a single-image multi-head detector is designed to produce bounding boxes of an individual frame. The first scheme can be viewed as a detect-to-track design, and the second scheme is track-to-detect. We tested our proposals on the ICIP2020 VIP Cup dataset in H.265 video format. The aforementioned algorithms are applied to the motion fields and residual images in the H.265 compressed data set. It turns out that their detection and tracking performances are on par with their pixel-domain counterparts, and they can achieve the state-of-the-art accuracy of conventional video object detectors and trackers. If the decoding process for video compression is not counted, their computational complexities are much lower than the conventional pixel-domain video object detectors and trackers. © 2023 S. Ardianto, H.-M. Hang and W.-H. Cheng.

关键词： Image compression

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Improving Electrically Evoked Compound Action Potential Based on Electrical Field Imaging and Electrode Interfaces

Improving Electrically Evoked Compound Action Potential Base...

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IEEE Conference on Electromagnetic Field Computation

作者： Charles T.M. Choi Chun Ting Ke Jelani Lawrence Alexander C. C. Wang Department of Electronics and Electrical Engineering College of Electrical & Computer Engineering National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Hsinchu Taiwan Institute of Electrical and Control Engineering College of Electrical & Computer Engineering National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Hsinchu Taiwan Institute of Biomedical Engineering College of Electrical & Computer Engineering National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Hsinchu Taiwan Electrical Engineering & Computer Science International Graduate Program College of Electrical & Computer Engineering National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Hsinchu Taiwan

ISBN: (数字)9798350348958

ISBN: (纸本)9798350348965

The electrically evoked compound action potential (ECAP) has been used in various clinical studies and has become a key physiological signal for cochlear implants (CI). This study used four sensing electrodes to record ECAP signals based on the alternating polarity approach. An electrical field imaging (EFI) result based on the finite element method was used to obtain the interface impedance, then ECAP simulation results were computed and compared with a patient's clinical ECAP measurements. Preliminary modeling results show that the interface impedance obtained by this EFI-based technique can improve the simulation accuracy of the ECAP model. The ECAP modeling result will be compared with clinical ECAP measurements to validate the model in the full paper.

关键词： Electrodes Action potentials Impedance measurement Computational modeling Simulation Imaging Finite element analysis

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Robust Nonlinear $\mathcal{W}_{\infty}$ Optimal Control for Input Nonaffine Systems

Robust Nonlinear $\mathcal{W}_{\infty}$ Optimal Control for ...

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European Control Conference (ECC)

作者： Daniel N. Cardoso Marco H. Terra Guilherme V. Raffo Graduate Program in Electrical Engineering Federal University of Minas Gerais Belo Horizonte MG Brazil Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of São Paulo São Carlos SP Brazil Department of Electronics Engineering Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG) Belo Horizonte MG Brazil

ISBN: (数字)9783907144107

ISBN: (纸本)9798331540920

We propose a novel robust nonlinear $\mathcal{W}_{\infty}$ optimal control method for dynamical systems with nonaffine control inputs. The nonlinear $\mathcal{W}_{\infty}$ control formulation extends the classic nonlinear $\mathcal{H}_{\infty}$ one, considering a weighted Sobolev norm of the cost variable. This approach assumes that the cost variable belongs to the weighted Sobolev space $\mathcal{W}_{m,p,\mathbf{\Gamma}}$ , ensuring continuity and differentiability up to degree $m$ in a certain domain $\Omega$ . Consequently, in addition to the well-known features provided by the $\mathcal{H}_{\infty}$ approach in terms of disturbance attenuation, the closed-loop system benefits from the enhanced transient performance. Here, the robust nonlinear $\mathcal{W}_{\infty}$ optimal control problem is formulated via dynamic programming for increased-order systems, and a particular solution is proposed to the resulting Hamilton-Jacobi equation, along with the corresponding stability analysis. To validate the proposed method and its versatility, we provide numerical results for the control of a quadrotor. Additionally, leveraging the inherent $\mathcal{L}_{2}$ -gain properties of our approach, we demonstrate that the resulting controller can achieve trajectory tracking with guaranteed asymptotic stability for the whole closed-loop system.

关键词： Asymptotic stability Visualization Costs Trajectory tracking Optimal control Stability analysis Dynamic programming

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UAV-Aided Data Acquisition Using Gaining-Sharing Knowledge Optimization Algorithm

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computers, Materials & Continua 2022年第9期72卷 5999-6013页

作者： Rania M Tawfik Hazem A.A.Nomer M.Saeed Darweesh Ali Wagdy Mohamed Hassan Mostafa Wireless Intelligent Networks Center(WINC) School of Engineering and Applied SciencesNile UniversityGiza12677Egypt School of Information Technology and Computer Science(ITCS) Nile UniversityGiza12677Egypt Operations Research Department Faculty of Graduate Studies for Statistical ResearchCairo UniversityGiza12613Egypt Department of Mathematics and Actuarial Science School of Science and EngineeringThe American University in CairoEgypt Electronics and Communications Engineering Department Cairo UniversityEgypt University of Science and Technology Nanotechnology and Nanoelectronics ProgramZewal City of Science and TechnologyOctober Gardens6th of OctoberGiza12578Egypt

Unmanned Aerial Vehicles(UAVs)provide a reliable and energyefficient solution for data collection from the Narrowband Internet of Things(NB-IoT)***,the UAV’s deployment optimization,including locations of the UAV’s stop points,is a necessity to minimize the energy consumption of the UAV and the NB-IoT devices and also to conduct the data collection *** this regard,this paper proposes GainingSharing Knowledge(GSK)algorithm for optimizing the UAV’s *** GSK,the number of UAV’s stop points in the three-dimensional space is encapsulated into a single individual with a fixed length representing an entire *** superiority of using GSK in the tackled problem is verified by simulation in seven *** provides significant results in all seven scenarios compared with other four optimization algorithms used before with the same ***,the NB-IoT is proposed as the wireless communication technology between the UAV and IoT devices.

关键词： NB-IoT UAV GSK stop points optimization

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Reachability Analysis of Nonlinear Discrete-Time Systems Using Polyhedral Relaxations and Constrained Zonotopes*

Reachability Analysis of Nonlinear Discrete-Time Systems Usi...

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IEEE Conference on Decision and Control

作者： Brenner S. Rego Guilherme V. Raffo Marco H. Terra Joseph K. Scott Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology 311 Ferst Dr. Atlanta GA USA Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Säo Paulo Säo Carlos SP Brazil Department of Electronics Engineering and the Graduate Program in Electrical Engineering Federal University of Minas Gerais Belo Horizonte MG Brazil

ISBN: (数字)9798350316339

ISBN: (纸本)9798350316346

This paper presents a novel algorithm for reachability analysis of nonlinear discrete-time systems. The proposed method combines constrained zonotopes (CZs) with polyhedral relaxations of factorable representations of nonlinear functions to propagate CZs through nonlinear functions, which is normally done using conservative linearization techniques. The new propagation method provides better approximations than those resulting from linearization procedures, leading to significant improvements in the computation of reachable sets in comparison to other CZ methods from the literature. Numerical examples highlight the advantages of the proposed algorithm.

关键词： Discrete-time systems Linearization techniques Approximation algorithms Complexity theory Reachability analysis

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Deep-Hand: A Deep Inference Vision Approach of Recognizing a Hand Sign Language using American Alphabet 2

Deep-Hand: A Deep Inference Vision Approach of Recognizing a...

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2nd IEEE International Conference on Computational Intelligence and Knowledge Economy, ICCIKE 2021

作者： Alon, Helcy D. Ligayo, Michael Angelo D. Melegrito, Mark P. Franco Cunanan, Christopher Uy Ii, Edgar E. Technological Institute of the Philippines Graduate Program Manila Philippines Quezon City University Department of Electronics Engineering Quezon City Philippines Technological University of the Philippines Department of Electronics and Communications Engineering Manila Philippines Polytechnic University of the Philippines Department of Computer Engineering Philippines Bohol Island State University College of Engineering and Architecture Tagbilaran Philippines

ISBN: (纸本)9781665429214

Sign-Language is to help people with hearing or speaking disabilities who are not able to communicate well with other people. Communicating with deaf people is a challenge for some speakers and people who do not know sign language. What the study proposed is to help people with such disabilities using the American Sign-Language with the corresponding hand gesture. Deaf individuals will be able to communicate or interact with other people conveniently. The study proposed hand gesture or hand sign language detection trained by using the YOLOv3 algorithm that aims to detect hand gestures or hand sign language that can recognize its equivalent letter alphabet. The study tools such as LabelImg for annotating the data set, categorizing each image of hand gestures based on their equivalent letter alphabet. In this study, Model 18 with 95.1804% training accuracy, 90.8242% validation accuracy, and mAP of 0.8275 is used for the final testing. As video with different hand gestures is presented, the results of every hand gesture detected range over 90%. © 2021 IEEE.

关键词： Object detection

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Assessment of force control improvement induced by sinusoidal vibrotactile stimulation in dominant and non-dominant hands

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Research on Biomedical engineering 2021年第1期37卷 95-103页

作者： Germer, Carina Marconi Moreira, Luciana Sobral Elias, Leonardo Abdala Department of Electronics and Biomedical Engineering School of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Campinas CampinasSP Brazil Neural Engineering Research Laboratory Center for Biomedical Engineering University of Campinas CampinasSP Brazil Cellular and Structural Biology Graduate Program Institute of Biology University of Campinas CampinasSP Brazil Faculty of Biological Sciences Center for Life Sciences Pontifical Catholic University of Campinas CampinasSP Brazil

Purpose: Vibrotactile stimulation has been shown to improve sensorimotor integration in the central nervous system, thereby enhancing motor performance in several conditions. Here we aim to address two questions: (1) Would lateral asymmetries yielding handedness influence the force control improvement induced by sinusoidal vibrotactile stimulation? (2) Does the force control improvement depend on finding an optimum stimulus intensity? Methods: Eleven participants performed a visually guided force-matching task, while different intensities of sinusoidal vibrations were applied to the index finger skin. Tasks consisted of abductions of the index fingers of dominant and non-dominant hands at 5% of their maximal voluntary contractions. The force coefficient of variation (CoV) in the condition without vibration was used as the reference (control) for later comparison with five vibration intensities. Also, force CoV in the control condition was compared with those obtained from the optimal vibration selected either from both hands or from a single hand (the one that started the experiment). Results: Despite the known sensory asymmetries in cortical and spinal circuits, handedness did not significantly influence the improvement of force control induced by sinusoidal vibrotactile stimulation during low-intensity contractions. Moreover, there was a significant reduction in force variability irrespective of the criteria used to select the vibration intensity. Conclusion: These findings add to the current knowledge on the effects of sinusoidal vibrotactile stimulation on force control and have potential implications for the development of wearable motor enhancer devices. © 2020, Sociedade Brasileira de Engenharia Biomedica.

关键词： Force control

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NFT-Based Hydroponic Automated Control Using Adaptive Network-Based Fuzzy Inference System

NFT-Based Hydroponic Automated Control Using Adaptive Networ...

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Robotics, Automation and Artificial Intelligence (RAAI), IEEE International Conference on

作者： Nico Surantha Vito Vincentdo BINUS Graduate Program - Master of Computer Science Bina Nusantara University Jakarta Indonesia Department of Electrical Faculty of Scienc and EngineeringElectronics and Communication Engineering Tokyo City University Japan

The rapid population growth and industrial development in developing countries harm the agricultural sector because many agricultural lands are converted into residential or industrial areas. Applying modern agriculture technologies such as hydroponic could help to overcome the problem. However, hydroponics requires special attention in adjusting the pH and nutrient levels to maximize plant growth, so an automated system is needed to manage the process. In this research, a smart hydroponic system is proposed by applying Adaptive Networkbased Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) and Internet-of-Things. The IoT system consists of sensor, actuator, and data processing layer is designed to monitor and control the condition of pH and nutrition of the observed plants. Then, the ANFIS algorithm is designed to control the level of pH and nutrition. The experiment results show that the system can automatically adjust the pH and nutrient levels to the expected range for growing plants, and the fuzzy controller made using ANFIS are more accurate and stable than the fuzzy controller made using Sugeno. This study shows that ANFIS has excellent performance when controlling multiple actuators, as long as the data set has great granularity and well defined.

关键词： Fuzzy logic Training Actuators Adaptive systems Hydroponics Media Control systems

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Reachability Analysis of Nonlinear Discrete-Time Systems Using Polyhedral Relaxations and Constrained Zonotopes

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Rego, Brenner S. Raffo, Guilherme V. Terra, Marco H. Scott, Joseph K. Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology 311 Ferst Dr. AtlantaGA30318 United States Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of São Paulo SP São Carlos13566-590 Brazil Department of Electronics Engineering the Graduate Program in Electrical Engineering Federal University of Minas Gerais MG Belo Horizonte31270-901 Brazil

关键词： Numerical methods

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