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IEEE Annual Joint Conference: INFOCOM, IEEE computer and Communications Societies

作者： Xiaoxin Su Yipeng Zhou Laizhong Cui John C. S. Lui Jiangchuan Liu College of Computer Science and Software Engineering Shenzhen University Shenzhen China School of Computing Faculty of Science and Engineering Macquarie University Sydney Australia Guangdong Laboratory of Artificial Intelligence and Digital Economy (SZ) Shenzhen University Shenzhen China Department of Computer Science and Engineering The Chinese University of Hong Kong HKSAR School of Computing Science Simon Fraser University Canada

ISBN: (数字)9798350383508

ISBN: (纸本)9798350383515

In Federated Learning (FL) paradigm, a parameter server (PS) concurrently communicates with distributed participating clients for model collection, update aggregation, and model distribution over multiple rounds, without touching private data owned by individual clients. FL is appealing in preserving data privacy; yet the communication between the PS and scattered clients can be a severe bottleneck. Model compression algorithms, such as quantization and sparsification, have been suggested but they generally assume a fixed code length, which does not reflect the heterogeneity and variability of model updates. In this paper, through both analysis and experiments, we show strong evidences that variable-length is beneficial for compression in FL. We accordingly present Fed-CVLC (Federated Learning Compression with Variable-Length Codes), which fine-tunes the code length in response of the dynamics of model updates. We develop optimal tuning strategy that minimizes the loss function (equivalent to maximizing the model utility) subject to the budget for communication. We further demonstrate that Fed-CVLC is indeed a general compression design that bridges quantization and sparsification, with greater flexibility. Extensive experiments have been conducted with public datasets to demonstrate that Fed-CVLC remarkably outperforms state-of-the-art baselines, improving model utility by 1.50%-5.44%, or shrinking communication traffic by 16.67%-41.61%.

关键词： Training Data privacy Codes Quantization (signal) Federated learning Data models Servers

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A study on the impact of pre-trained model on Just-In-Time defect prediction

A study on the impact of pre-trained model on Just-In-Time d...

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IEEE International Conference on software Quality, Reliability and Security (QRS)

作者： Yuxiang Guo Xiaopeng Gao Zhenyu Zhang W.K. Chan Bo Jiang State Key Laboratory of Software Development Environment School of Computer Science and Engineering Beihang University Beijing China State Key Laboratory of Computer Science Institute of Software Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China Department of Computer Science City University of Hong Kong Hong Kong China

Previous researchers conducting Just-In-Time (JIT) defect prediction tasks have primarily focused on the performance of individual pre-trained models, without exploring the relationship between different pre-trained models as backbones. In this study, we build six models: RoBERTaJIT, CodeBERTJIT, BARTJIT, PLBARTJIT, GPT2JIT, and CodeGPTJIT, each with a distinct pre-trained model as its backbone. We systematically explore the differences and connections between these models. Specifically, we investigate the performance of the models when using Commit code and Commit message as inputs, as well as the relationship between training efficiency and model distribution among these six models. Additionally, we conduct an ablation experiment to explore the sensitivity of each model to inputs. Furthermore, we investigate how the models perform in zero-shot and few-shot scenarios. Our findings indicate that each model based on different backbones shows improvements, and when the backbone’s pre-training model is similar, the training resources that need to be consumed are closer. We also observe that Commit code plays a significant role in defect detection, and different pre-trained models demonstrate better defect detection ability with a balanced dataset under few-shot scenarios. These results provide new insights for optimizing JIT defect prediction tasks using pre-trained models and highlight the factors that require more attention when constructing such models. Additionally, CodeGPTJIT and GPT2JIT achieved better performance than DeepJIT and CC2Vec on the two datasets respectively under 2000 training samples. These findings emphasize the effectiveness of transformer-based pre-trained models in JIT defect prediction tasks, especially in scenarios with limited training data.

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mmMC: A Contactless Wood Moisture Content Measurement System based on COTS FMCW mmWave Radar

mmMC: A Contactless Wood Moisture Content Measurement System...

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IEEE Communications Society Conference on Sensor and Ad Hoc Communications and Networks (SECON)

作者： Xueyang Hu Tian Liu Minarul Islam Tao Shu Department of Broadband Communication Peng Cheng Laboratory China Institute of Agricultural Equipment Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences Hangzhou China Department of Computer Science and Software Engineering Auburn University USA

ISBN: (数字)9798331519186

ISBN: (纸本)9798331519193

Estimation of wood moisture content (MC) is a fundamental aspect of woodworking, construction, and various other industries that rely on the versatile properties of wood. In this paper, we present mmMC, a novel system that estimates the MC of wood by a single commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) mmWave radar, which provides accurate end-to-end real-time wood moisture measurement results while being non-invasive, portable, and flexible in deployment. The proposed system uses a novel target reflection feature (TRF) to determine the reflectivity of the wood, thereby correlating it with specific MC levels. To robustly and accurately estimate the TRF of the wood from the mmWave signal, a signal processing pipeline is proposed. Specifically, an object detection and signal extraction module is designed to resolve the range of the object and eliminate multipath effects of the original signal. Then, a multiple chirps/antennas signals processing module is proposed to obtain a stable TRF from the extracted signals by using signals from different antennas and chirps. The TRF is associated with the MC of wood by a regression to enable real-time MC estimation. Through extensive real-world experiments, we have demonstrated that the proposed system has high accuracy and reliability.

关键词： Reflectivity Accuracy Radar measurements Moisture measurement Pipelines Moisture Reflection Real-time systems Sensors Millimeter wave communication

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DAMPER: A Dual-Stage Medical Report Generation Framework with Coarse-Grained MeSH Alignment and Fine-Grained Hypergraph Matching

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Huang, Xiaofei Chen, Wenting Liu, Jie Lu, Qisheng Luo, Xiaoling Shen, Linlin Computer Vision Institute College of Computer Science and Software Engineering Shenzhen University Shenzhen China Department of Electrical Engineering City University of Hong Kong Kowloon Hong Kong National Engineering Laboratory for Big Data System Computing Technology Shenzhen University China Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Intelligent Information Processing China

Medical report generation is crucial for clinical diagnosis and patient management, summarizing diagnoses and recommendations based on medical imaging. However, existing work often overlook the clinical pipeline involved in report writing, where physicians typically conduct an initial quick review followed by a detailed examination. Moreover, current alignment methods may lead to misaligned relationships. To address these issues, we propose DAMPER, a dual-stage framework for medical report generation that mimics the clinical pipeline of report writing in two stages. In the first stage, a MeSH-Guided Coarse-Grained Alignment (MCG) stage that aligns chest X-ray (CXR) image features with medical subject headings (MeSH) features to generate a rough keyphrase representation of the overall impression. In the second stage, a Hypergraph-Enhanced Fine-Grained Alignment (HFG) stage that constructs hypergraphs for image patches and report annotations, modeling high-order relationships within each modality and performing hypergraph matching to capture semantic correlations between image regions and textual phrases. Finally,the coarse-grained visual features, generated MeSH representations, and visual hypergraph features are fed into a report decoder to produce the final medical report. Extensive experiments on public datasets demonstrate the effectiveness of DAMPER in generating comprehensive and accurate medical reports, outperforming state-of-the-art methods across various evaluation metrics. Copyright © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Coarse-grained modeling

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Discrimination and Diagnosis of Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy and Cardiac Amyloidosis via Unimodal Supervision Joint Contrastive Learning

Discrimination and Diagnosis of Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy ...

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2024 IEEE International Conference on Bioinformatics and Biomedicine, BIBM 2024

作者： Li, Xiaofeng Zhang, Hongmei Luo, Xiaoxian Dang, Jiachen Yin, Lixue Peng, Bo Southwest Petroleum University School of Computer Science and Software Engineering Chengdu China Ultrasound and Noninvasive Cardiology Department of Cardiovascular China Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province Ultrasound in Cardiac Electrophysiology and Biomechanics China University of Electronic Science and Technology of China Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital Chengdu China Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine School of Medical and Life Sciences Chengdu China

ISBN: (纸本)9798350386226

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) and cardiac amyloidosis (CA) are both heart diseases. Their echocardiographic presentations are similar, whereas the latter is rare in clinical practice, making them susceptible to misdiagnosis. Recently, deep learning-based echocardiographic diagnostic methods have been proposed. These data-driven methods require a large amount of data for training to improve diagnostic accuracy. Therefore, these methods do not apply to conditions with sparse clinical data, such as CA. To address the problem of poor model performance due to few training data, we propose a multimodal model (USCL) combining multiview and text to differentiate between HCM and CA. Specifically, the USCL consists of two main parts: one part employs unimodal supervision (UMS) to obtain echocardiogram and text respectively, the relevant unimodal representations and prediction results. The other part uses a designed multimodal contrast learning (MMCL) approach to tune the representations of the two modalities, thus exploring more reliable multimodal representations in few-shot learning. We build a dataset for training and evaluation which includes 209 patients with HCM and 203 patients with CA, as well as 200 patients with normal cardiac function. Experiments show that USCL achieves promising results. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Contrastive Learning

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SSC- l0 : Sparse Subspace Clustering with the l0 Inequality Constraint 7th

SSC- l0 : Sparse Subspace Clustering with the l0 Inequality...

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7th Asian Conference on Pattern Recognition, ACPR 2023

作者： Wang, Yangbo Zhou, Jie Lin, Qingshui Lu, Jianglin Gao, Can National Engineering Laboratory for Big Data System Computing Technology Shenzhen University Shenzhen518060 China College of Computer Science and Software Engineering Shenzhen University Shenzhen518060 China SZU Branch Shenzhen Institute of Artificial Intelligence and Robotics for Society Shenzhen518060 China Basic Teaching Department Liaoning Technical University Huludao125105 China College of Engineering Northeastern University BostonMA02115 United States

ISBN: (纸本)9783031476648

Self-expression learning methods often obtain a coefficient matrix to measure the similarity between pairs of samples. However, directly using all points to represent a fixed sample in a class under the self-expression framework may not be ideal, as points from other classes participate in the representing process. To alleviate this issue, this study attempts to achieve representation learning between points only coming from the same class. In practice, it is easier for data points from the same class to represent each other than that from different classes. So, when reconstructing a point, if the number of non-zero elements in the coefficient vector is limited, a model is more likely to select data points from the class where the reconstructed point lies to complete the reconstruction work. Based on this idea, we propose Sparse Subspace Clustering with the l0 inequality constraint (SSC- l0 ). In SSC- l0, the l0 inequality constraint determines the maximum number of non-zero elements in the coefficient vector, which helps SSC- l0 to conduct representation learning among the points in the same class. After introducing the simplex constraint to ensure the translation invariance of the model, an optimization method concerning l0 inequality constraint is formed to solve the proposed SSC- l0, and its convergence is theoretically analyzed. Extensive experiments on well-known datasets demonstrate the superiority of SSC- l0 compared to several state-of-the-art methods. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2023.

关键词： Learning systems

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Programming by Example Made Easy

arXiv

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arXiv 2023年

作者： Wu, Jiarong Wei, Lili Jiang, Yanyan Cheung, Shing-Chi Ren, Luyao Xu, Chang Department of Computer Science and Engineering Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Hong Kong Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering McGill University Montreal Canada State Key Laboratory for Novel Software Technology Department of Computer Science and Technology Nanjing University Nanjing China Key Lab of High Confidence Software Technologies Ministry of Education Department of Computer Science and Technology EECS Peking University Beijing China

Programming by example (PBE) is an emerging programming paradigm that automatically synthesizes programs specified by user-provided input-output examples. Despite the convenience for end-users, implementing PBE tools often requires strong expertise in programming language and synthesis algorithms. Such a level of knowledge is uncommon among software developers. It greatly limits the broad adoption of PBE by the industry. To facilitate the adoption of PBE techniques, we propose a PBE framework called Bee, which leverages an "entity-action" model based on relational tables to ease PBE development for a wide but restrained range of domains. Implementing PBE tools with Bee only requires adapting domain-specific data entities and user actions to tables, with no need to design a domain-specific language or an efficient synthesis algorithm. The synthesis algorithm of Bee exploits bidirectional searching and constraint-solving techniques to address the challenge of value computation nested in table transformation. We evaluated Bee’s effectiveness on 64 PBE tasks from three different domains and usability with a human study of 12 participants. Evaluation results show that Bee is easier to learn and use than the state-of-the-art PBE framework, and the bidirectional algorithm achieves comparable performance to domain-specifically optimized synthesizers. Copyright © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Problem oriented languages

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Fast target-aware learning for few-shot video object segmentation

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science China(Information sciences) 2022年第8期65卷 71-86页

作者： Yadang CHEN Chuanyan HAO Zhi-Xin YANG Enhua WU Engineering Research Center of Digital Forensics Ministry of EducationSchool of Computer and SoftwareNanjing University of Information Science and Technology School of Education Science and Technology Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications State Key Laboratory of Internet of Things for Smart City Department of Electromechanical EngineeringUniversity of Macau State Key Laboratory of Computer Science Institute of SoftwareUniversity of Chinese Academy of Sciences Faculty of Science and Technology University of Macau

Few-shot video object segmentation(FSVOS) aims to segment a specific object throughout a video sequence when only the first-frame annotation is given. In this study, we develop a fast target-aware learning approach for FSVOS, where the proposed approach adapts to new video sequences from its firstframe annotation through a lightweight procedure. The proposed network comprises two models. First, the meta knowledge model learns the general semantic features for the input video image and up-samples the coarse predicted mask to the original image size. Second, the target model adapts quickly from the limited support set. Concretely, during the online inference for testing the video, we first employ fast optimization techniques to train a powerful target model by minimizing the segmentation error in the first frame and then use it to predict the subsequent frames. During the offline training, we use a bilevel-optimization strategy to mimic the full testing procedure to train the meta knowledge model across multiple video *** proposed method is trained only on an individual public video object segmentation(VOS) benchmark without additional training sets and compared favorably with state-of-the-art methods on DAVIS-2017, with a J &F overall score of 71.6%, and on YouT ubeVOS-2018, with a J &F overall score of 75.4%. Meanwhile,a high inference speed of approximately 0.13 s per frame is maintained.

关键词： video object segmentation few-shot target-aware meta knowledge bilevel-optimization

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Multi-Unit Floor Plan Recognition and Reconstruction Using Improved Semantic Segmentation of Raster-Wise Floor Plans

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Kratochvila, Lukas de Jong, Gijs Arkesteijn, Monique Bilík, Šimon Zemčík, Tomáš Horak, Karel Rellermeyer, Jan S. Department of Control and Instrumentation Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Communication Brno University of Technology Brno Czech Republic Department of Software Technology Faculty of Electrical Engineering Mathematics and Computer Science TU Delft Delft Netherlands Department of Management in the Built Environment Faculty of Architecture and the Built Environment TU Delft Delft Netherlands Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition Laboratory Department of Computational Engineering Lappeenranta-Lahti University of Technology LUT Lappeenranta Finland Dependable and Scalable Software Systems Institute of Systems Engineering Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Leibniz University Hannover Hannover Germany

Digital twins have a major potential to form a significant part of urban management in emergency planning, as they allow more efficient designing of the escape routes, better orientation in exceptional situations, and faster rescue intervention. Nevertheless, creating the twins still remains a largely manual effort, due to a lack of 3D-representations, which are available only in limited amounts for some new buildings. Thus, in this paper we aim to synthesize 3D information from commonly available 2D architectural floor plans. We propose two novel pixel-wise segmentation methods based on the MDA-Unet and MACU-Net architectures with improved skip connections, an attention mechanism, and a training objective together with a reconstruction part of the pipeline, which vectorizes the segmented plans to create a 3D model. The proposed methods are compared with two other state-of-the-art techniques and several benchmark datasets. On the commonly used CubiCasa benchmark dataset, our methods have achieved the mean F1 score of 0.86 over five examined classes, outperforming the other pixel-wise approaches tested. We have also made our code publicly available to support research in the field. © 2024, CC BY.

关键词： Semantic Segmentation

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Epileptic Seizure Detection Using the EEG Signal empirical Mode Decomposition and Machine Learning

Epileptic Seizure Detection Using the EEG Signal Empirical M...

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Smart Computing and Application (ICSCA), International Conference on

作者： Jana Nassir Majeda Alasabi Saeed Mian Qaisar Muzammil Khan Computer Science Department Effat University Jeddah Saudi Arabia Electrical and Computer Engineering Department Effat University Jeddah Saudi Arabia LINEACT Laboratory CESI Engineering School Villeurbanne France Department of Computer and Software technology University of Swat Swat Pakistan

Epileptic seizures affect millions of people worldwide. Medical treatments exist to help lessen the severity of the damage caused by these seizures. However, people with epilepsy still struggle with unexpected seizures. People who experience epileptic seizures have Electroencephalogram (EEG) signals that show different features in comparison to a healthy brain. In this study, EEG signals are studied to detect the seizures. The incoming signals are denoised by using linear phase filters. In next step these are divided in fix-length segments. Then, each segment is broken down using the empirical Mode Decomposition (EMD) into Intrinsic Mode Functions (IMFs). For an automatic identification of EEG signals, features are extracted from the collected IMFs and then processed using machine learning techniques. A dataset on epilepsy that is available to the public is used for evaluation. To determine which is the best predictor for the under-consideration dataset, four different classification methods are performed and the results are examined. The system achieves a classification accuracy of 96.70%.

关键词： Support vector machines empirical mode decomposition Epilepsy Medical treatment Pattern classification Nonlinear filters Sensitivity and specificity

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