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energy evaluation of hydrogen production integrated into the ethanol and sugar production process 36

Energy evaluation of hydrogen production integrated into the...

36th International Conference on Efficiency, Cost, Optimization, simulation and Environmental Impact of energy Systems, ECOS 2023

作者： da Silva, Maria Luisa Fernandes Aguilera, Rogério Luis Palacios-Bereche, Milagros Cecilia Gallego, Antonio Garrido Nebra, Silvia Azucena Palacios-Bereche, Reynaldo Federal University of ABC Santo Andre Brazil Energy Engineering Modeling and Simulation Laboratory Federal University of ABC Santo Andre Brazil

ISBN: (纸本)9781713874928

The sugarcane industrial sector is one of the main Brazilian economic activities due to its high efficiency and competitiveness, producing ethanol and sugar for internal and external markets. On the other hand, green hydrogen, produced from renewable energy, has emerged as a promising climate-neutral energy carrier over the last years;thus, several countries have published hydrogen roadmaps and are supporting the development of a hydrogen economy. Currently, hydrogen is produced mainly from natural gas through a reformation process;the refineries and the chemical industry are the main hydrogen consumers on the demand side. This hydrogen, produced from natural gas or methane without capturing the greenhouse gases made in the process, is classified as Grey hydrogen. In this way, in this study, the integration of Green hydrogen production into the conventional ethanol and sugar production process is proposed to use in the hydrotreatment of bio-oil produced via fast pyrolysis of sugarcane straw. Nevertheless, the sustainability and efficiency of the integrated process depend on the route adopted for hydrogen production. Thus, this study aims to perform an energy evaluation of different routes of hydrogen production and their integration into the ethanol and sugar production process from sugarcane. The different alternatives evaluated are: i) electrolysis using the surplus electricity in the process;ii) steam reforming of biogas produced from vinasse;iii) steam reforming of part of the ethanol produced. Furthermore, the impacts on the cogeneration system of the production process will also be *** the evaluated cases, ethanol reforming presented the lowest water consumption (14.1 L/t cane) and the lowest impact in cogeneration system (-6.3% in surplus electricity). Nevertheless Case III requires the consumption of 27.7% of the total ethanol produced in the mill. © (2023) by ECOS 2023 All rights reserved.

关键词： Ethanol

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energy assessment of biofuels production from fast pyrolysis of sugarcane straw, and upgrading of the bio-oil produced through hydrotreatment 36

Energy assessment of biofuels production from fast pyrolysis...

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36th International Conference on Efficiency, Cost, Optimization, simulation and Environmental Impact of energy Systems, ECOS 2023

作者： De Freitas Santos, Bruna Stella Palacios-Bereche, Milagros Cecilia Gallego, Antonio Garrido Nebra, Silvia Azucena Palacios-Bereche, Reynaldo Federal University of ABC Santo Andre Brazil Energy Engineering Modeling and Simulation Laboratory Federal University od ABC Santo Andre Brazil

ISBN: (纸本)9781713874928

Second-generation biofuels are produced from non-food biomass such as the lignocellulosic residues of sugarcane processing, namely, bagasse and straw. Sugarcane processing is one of the most important economic activities in Brazil, producing ethanol and sugar for domestic and international markets. The use of these lignocellulosic residues would increase the second-generation biofuel production without increasing the sugarcane planted area. Among the second-generation technologies available nowadays, the fast pyrolysis is a thermochemical process that produces mainly bio-oil, which is a liquid that has several advantages in transportation, pumping, storage and handling, in comparison to solid biomass. Moreover, the bio-oil can be upgraded in order to obtain biofuels of higher added-value. Among feasible upgrading technologies for bio-oil, the hydrotreatment is one of the most promising for eliminating the reactive functionalities of the bio-oil by removing oxygen or cracking large molecules in the presence of hydrogen;however, the hydrogen consumption is significant. In this way, the aim of this study is to evaluate the biofuel production by means of fast pyrolysis of sugarcane straw, followed by a hydrotreatment to upgrade the produced bio-oil. The evaluation is performed through an energy assessment. The energy and mass balances of the processes were performed using the software Aspen Plus. Furthermore, the possibilities of the integration of the bio-oil production and upgrading into the conventional ethanol and sugar production process will also be evaluated. The final products of bio-oil upgrading plant showed a yield of 0.086 kg/kg of dry straw and 0.080 kg/kg of dry straw for renewable gasoline and diesel respectively. The heat integration of pyrolysis process, hydrotreating and hydrogen production process presented a significant potential for steam production. This could be integrated into the conventional sugar and ethanol production process, which could sav

关键词： Biofuels

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Exergy cost assessment of Very High Gravity (VHG) Fermentation in the sugarcane industry 36

Exergy cost assessment of Very High Gravity (VHG) Fermentati...

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36th International Conference on Efficiency, Cost, Optimization, simulation and Environmental Impact of energy Systems, ECOS 2023

作者： Palacios-Bereche, Milagros Cecilia Palacios-Bereche, Reynaldo Gallego, Antonio Garrido Serra, Luis M. Lozano, Miguel A. Nebra, Silvia Azucena Energy Engineering Modeling and Simulation Laboratory Federal University of ABC S.P. Santo André Brazil Federal University of ABC SP Santo André Brazil GITSE-I3A Department of Mechanical Engineering Universidad de Zaragoza Spain University of Campinas S. P. Campinas Brazil

ISBN: (纸本)9781713874928

The vinasse, produced as the bottom product of the distillation column of the ethanol production process, is the main liquid residue of this industry, whose disposition represents a problem for the industry because of its high production rate, which ranges from 10 to 15 litres of vinasse per litre of ethanol produced. In this way, the evaluation of technologies that could reduce the vinasse volume-either reducing its production during ethanol production process or its volume once already produced-is advantageous to the process and its sustainability, seeing as a lower amount of vinasse would allow a better and appropriate disposal of this effluent. This way, this work addresses the vinasse problem by a preliminary exergy cost analysis of two different technologies for vinasse volume reduction and a Base Case for comparison purposes;being the analysed cases: i) a Base Case (conventional production process), ii) the introduction of the VHG (Very High Gravity) fermentation with the use of ejectors as complementary refrigeration system, aiming at utilising a more concentrated most during fermentation to produce a wine with a higher ethanol content, thus reducing the amount of vinasse produced in the distillation step. The analysis aims at comparing the unitary exergy costs of the main products and by-products of the different alternatives, and identifying the processes with the highest irreversibilities associated, which resulted in the fermentation with distillation volume control, with values of 37.1% and 41%, for the conventional and VHG cases, respectively. © (2023) by ECOS 2023 All rights reserved.

关键词： Fermentation

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New WHO global air quality guidelines help prevent premature deaths in China

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National Science Review 2022年第4期9卷 10-12页

作者： Tao Xue Guannan Geng Xia Meng Qingyang Xiao Yixuan Zheng Jicheng Gong Jun Liu Wei Wan Qiang Zhang Haidong Kan Shiqiu Zhang Tong Zhu Institute of Reproductive and Child Health/National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics School of Public HealthPeking University State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control School of EnvironmentTsinghua University School of Public Health Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Educationand Key Laboratory of Health Technology Assessment of the Ministry of HealthFudan University Center of Air Quality Simulation and System Analysis Chinese Academy of Environmental Planning College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering Peking University School of Energy and Environmental Engineering University of Science and Technology Beijing Clean Air Asia Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth System Modeling Department of Earth System ScienceTsinghua University

The air quality guidelines （AQGs） issued by the World Health Organization （WHO） in 2005 are key references for the National Ambient Air Quality Standards （NAAQSs） in *** 22September 2021,the WHO issued new AQGs （NAQGs）[1],which propose more stringent targets to control exposure to multiple air pollutants,including fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and ozone （O3）,to which,in 2019,451 million premature deaths,globally,were attributable [2].

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Thermodynamic comparative analysis between an ejector cooling system and an absorption cooling system in order to improve the fermentation process in the sugar and ethanol industry 35

Thermodynamic comparative analysis between an ejector coolin...

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35th International Conference on Efficiency, Cost, Optimization, simulation and Environmental Impact of energy Systems, ECOS 2022

作者： Palacios-Bereche, Milagros Cecilia Gallego, Antonio Garrido Palacios-Bereche, Reynaldo Rossell, Carlos Eduardo Vaz Nebra, Silvia Azucena Energy Engineering Modeling and Simulation Laboratory Federal University of ABC S.P. Santo André Brazil Federal University of ABC S.P. Santo André Brazil Brazil University of Campinas S.P. Campinas Brazil

ISBN: (纸本)9788774756989

The fermentation temperature has a significant importance in the fermentation process and being this an exothermic reaction, needing this way a cooling system to maintain an adequate temperature to favour ethanol production. Furthermore, a low-temperature fermentation allows the use of a more concentrated substrate and, consequently, results in higher ethanol yields. Cooling towers have been conventionally used in the industry. However, the water temperature supplied by these devices depends on the ambient conditions (dry and wet bulb temperatures), which, frequently, is not enough to keep the appropriate conditions when a fermentation with high sugar concentration is applied. In this way, auxiliary refrigeration systems can be used in parallel with cooling towers to improve the heat removal from fermentation vats. Therefore, this work aims to perform a comparative thermodynamic analysis between the following cooling systems operating with: a) cooling tower;b) cooling tower and an ejector system;c) cooling tower and an absorption system. For this analysis, the thermal loads of the fermentation process will be used on two typical days of harvest operation. Thus, this work aims at evaluating the introduction of auxiliary cooling systems in a sugar and ethanol production plant from the energy point of view and assessing their impacts on the cogeneration system. From the results, it is possible to observe that the use of both, an ejector and absorption cooling systems improved the performance of the fermentation process, mainly on hot days, when the cooling tower cannot maintain the ideal temperature for the fermentation process. It is also observed that the use of the absorption cooling system shows small advantages from the energy and exergy points of view, compared to the ejector cooling system. Still, it can be noticed that the use of any of these technologies, combined with a cooling tower, can improve the production and efficiency of the fermentation process. © Pr

关键词： Fermentation

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energy and exergy assessment of fast pyrolysis of sugarcane straw integrated and non-integrated into the conventional ethanol production process 34

Energy and exergy assessment of fast pyrolysis of sugarcane ...

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34th International Conference on Efficency, Cost, Optimization, simulation and Environmental Impact of energy Systems, ECOS 2021

作者： Salina, Fernando Henriques Palacios-Bereche, Milagros Cecilia Gallego, Antonio Garrido Nebra, Silvia A. Palacios-Bereche, Reynaldo Federal University of ABC S.P. Santo André Brazil Energy Engineering Modeling and Simulation Laboratory Federal University of ABC S.P. Santo André Brazil

ISBN: (纸本)9781713843986

Biofuel production from lignocellulosic residues of sugarcane (bagasse and straw) is an attractive proposal as it would allow an increase in the current biofuel production without expanding the sugarcane planted area, diversifying thus the Brazilian energy matrix and contributing to the reduction of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. In this context, fast pyrolysis is a thermochemical route that aims at producing bio-oil, enhancing the straw energy content, though energy assessments are essential to evaluate the potential of this technology in the Brazilian scenario. Therefore, this study evaluates the exergy efficiency of straw conversion into bio-oil and electricity through the fast pyrolysis route. The software Aspen Plus® was utilised to perform energy and mass balances of two cases: one taking into account only the pyrolysis plant (standalone), and a second case where the pyrolysis plant is integrated into the conventional ethanol production process. The global exergy efficiency of the pyrolysis process resulted in 46.8% and 48% for the standalone and integrated cases, respectively. Furthermore, the global exergy efficiency of the integrated plant (conventional + pyrolysis process) resulted 2.6% higher in comparison to the respective exergy efficiency of conventional ethanol and sugar production process. © ECOS 2021 - 34th International Conference on Efficency, Cost, Optimization, simulation and Environmental Impact of energy Systems.

关键词： Pyrolysis

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Cooling fermentation in the sugar and ethanol production process using an ejector cooling system: energy usage and impacts on cogeneration system 34

Cooling fermentation in the sugar and ethanol production pro...

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34th International Conference on Efficency, Cost, Optimization, simulation and Environmental Impact of energy Systems, ECOS 2021

作者： Palacios-Bereche, Milagros Cecilia Palacios-Bereche, Reynaldo Gallego, Antonio Garrido Rossell, Carlos Eduardo Vaz Nebra, Silvia Azucena Energy Engineering Modeling and Simulation Laboratory Federal University of ABC Santo André Brazil Federal University of ABC S.P. Santo André Brazil University of Campinas S. P. Campinas Brazil

ISBN: (纸本)9781713843986

In the ethanol production process, fermentation is a crucial step where ethanol is formed through a biochemical reaction lead by yeast. The fermentation temperature has significant importance in this process, and being this an exothermic reaction, a cooling system is necessary to maintain an adequate temperature to favour ethanol production. Cooling towers have been conventionally used in the industry, and absorption refrigeration systems have also been studied in some pilot plants. Nevertheless, cooling towers cannot achieve a temperature low enough to reach a fermentation temperature of 28°C, while LiBr/H2O absorption refrigeration systems are expensive and can present operational problems, such as LiBr crystallisation when operating in inadequate conditions. In this way, ejectors are an attractive alternative to absorption systems because of their mechanical simplicity, which represents easy maintenance and operation and low costs;however, ejectors require a high vacuum in the evaporator, leading to air leakage into the system and present efficiency decrease at partial loads. Thus, in this work, the cooling system of the fermentation process is analysed by comparing two different alternatives: i) a conventional system where water supplied by a cooling tower is used and ii) a combination of a cooling tower and a two-stage ejector refrigeration system, with the objective of evaluating their energy consumption and impacts on the cogeneration system. Mass and energy balances were performed together with a fermentation kinetic model to evaluate the system behaviour during the fermentation time. In this first approach, only one fermentation vat was analysed, which resulted in a maximum additional consumption of 4.16% in fuel (bagasse) to produce additional steam in the boiler of the cogeneration system when the ejector system is operating (t=1h). © ECOS 2021 - 34th International Conference on Efficency, Cost, Optimization, simulation and Environmental Impact of energy

关键词： Cooling systems

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Molecular characterization of oxidized organic nitrogen in the polluted urban atmosphere of Beijing

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Science of the Total Environment 2024年 955卷 177109页

作者： Liu, Lei Sun, Junying Shen, Xiaojing Cheng, Xi Chen, Qi Liu, Quan Zhang, Yangmei Zheng, Jing Wen, Wei Ma, Xin State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather & Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry of CMA Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences Beijing100081 China State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control BIC-ESAT and IJRC College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering Peking University Beijing100871 China Beijing100083 China School of Energy and Environmental Engineering University of Science and Technology Beijing Beijing100083 China CMA Earth System Modeling and Prediction Centre Beijing100081 China

Oxidized organic nitrogen (OON) serves as a crucial link between volatile organic compounds (VOCs), nitrogen oxides, ozone, and secondary organic aerosol (SOA). However, the comprehension of the molecular composition, formation mechanism, and implications of OON remains limited, particularly in urban environments influenced heavily by anthropogenic emissions. This study presents the field measurements of OON conducted at an urban site in Beijing using chemical ionization mass spectrometry with nitrate as the reagent ion. The molecular characteristics, dominant species, and oxidation states of OON were investigated. Positive matrix factorization analysis disentangled the diverse OON into factors characterized by unique fingerprint features and formation pathways. A modified workflow was used to classify the majority of OON as terpene (3.0 %), isoprene (15.2 %), aliphatic (38.1 %, containing dinitrate), and aromatic (36.0 %, containing aromatic ring retaining) OON. This highlights the significant impact of anthropogenic sources and underscores the need for stringent controls on anthropogenic VOC emissions to mitigate OON formation. Volatility estimates further indicate that aromatic and aliphatic OON, with relatively low volatility, are expected to be the primary contributors to SOA formation by condensation or gas-particle partitioning in urban Beijing. In addition, hazy weather conditions may facilitate multi-generation reactions, leading to the production of large amounts of semi-volatile dinitrate OON and promoting its conversion to SOA. © 2024 Elsevier B.V.

关键词： Aromatization

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Correction to: Longitudinal quality control analysis of PET/CT systems: analyzing system stability, image quality, and the performance of silicon photomultipliers (SiPMs)

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Health and Technology 2025年 1-5页

作者： Kafhali, Morad El Tahmasbi, Marziyeh Baghous, Nor El Houda Kessioui, Amina El Chakir, El Mahjoub Sebihi, Rajaa Khalis, Mohammed Physical Sciences and Engineering Innovative Research and Applied Physics (IRAP) Faculty of Sciences Moulay Ismail University Meknes Morocco Department of Radiologic Technology School of Allied Medical Sciences Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences Ahvaz Iran Laboratory of Material Physics and Subatomic Department of Physics Faculty of Sciences Ibn Tofail University Kenitra Morocco GHANDI Medical Imaging Center Casablanca Morocco Department of Physics High Energy Physics Laboratory‑Modeling and Simulation (HEPL‑MS) Faculty of Sciences Mohammed V University Rabat Morocco

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energy and exergy cost analysis of two different routes for vinasse treatment with energy recovery 33

Energy and exergy cost analysis of two different routes for ...

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33rd International Conference on Efficiency, Cost, Optimization, simulation and Environmental Impact of energy Systems, ECOS 2020

作者： Palacios-Bereche, Milagros Cecilia Palacios-Bereche, Reynaldo Nebra, Silvia Azucena Energy Engineering Modeling and Simulation Laboratory Federal University of ABC Santo André S.P. Brazil Federal University of ABC Santo André S.P. Brazil

The vinasse, produced as the bottom product of the distillation column of the ethanol production process, is the main liquid residue of this industry. It is a dark brown liquid of acidic nature and high organic matter content, thus making it a polluting effluent. Currently, it is used to fertilise and irrigate sugarcane fields, taking advantage of its nutrients and high water content. However, its disposition is still a problem because of its high production rate, which ranges from 10 to 15 litres of vinasse per litre of ethanol produced. This way, this work addresses the vinasse problem by a preliminary exergy cost analysis of three alternatives for vinasse disposition with energy recovery and a Base Case for comparison purposes;being the analysed cases: i) a Base Case (conventional production process), ii) the vinasse concentration with subsequent incineration, iii) the vinasse biodigestion with burning of the produced biogas in the boiler of the cogeneration system, and iv) the vinasse biodigestion and subsequent biogas purification aiming at the biomethane production. The preliminary results show the clean biogas of Case iii as the product with the highest unit exergy cost (7.03), followed by the biomethane of Case iv (with a unit exergy cost of 6.95), indicating that important irreversibilities are associated to the biogas production route. © ECOS *** right reserved.

关键词： Biogas

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