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Fatty Acids From Microalgae Botryococcus braunii For Raw Material of Biodiesel

Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2018年第1期1095卷

作者： P Dilia K Leila Rusdianasari Applied Master of Renewable Energy Engineering Politeknik Negeri Sriwijaya Jl. Srijaya Negara 30139 Palembang Indonesia Renewable Energy Engineering Study Program Politeknik Negeri Sriwijaya Jl. Srijaya Negara 30139 Palembang Indonesia

One of the alternative sources of renewable energy that can overcome the environmental crises and the current fossil energy crisis is microalgae. Microalgae contain fatty acids that can be converted into biofuel products, such as biodiesel. This study was a preliminary research which was conducted to determine the amount of fatty acids contained in microalgae and its potentiality to be converted into biodiesel. The microalgae used in this study were Botryococcus braunii. Data collection of fatty acids of Botryococcus braunii were obtained by the direct analysis in the laboratory using an instrument in the form of gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and also obtained from literature study in several research of previous researcher. Based on that, it was found out that Botryococcus braunii contained with oleic acid ranged from 15.65 – 35.85%, linoleic acid 3.05 – 23.15%, palmitic acid 4.03 – 22.13 % and stearic acid 0.48 – 15.41%. The profile and fatty acid content of this preliminary study could be one of the decisive parameters in the selection of microalgae species. Based on results concluded that Botryococcus braunii had good potentiality to be converted into biodiesel because the ratio of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids in this species is not much different.

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Lipid Extraction Method From Microalgae Botryococcus Braunii As Raw Material To Make Biodiesel With Soxhlet Extraction

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Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2018年第1期1095卷

作者： J Boni S Aida K Leila Applied Master of Renewable Energy Engineering Politeknik Negeri Sriwijaya Jl. Srijaya Negara 30139 Palembang Indonesia Energy Engineering Department Politeknik Negeri Sriwijaya Jl. Srijaya Negara 30139 Palembang Indonesia Renewable Energy Engineering Study Program Politeknik Negeri Sriwijaya Jl. Srijaya Negara 30139 Palembang Indonesia

This research was a preliminary research that aimed to determine the number of lipid from microalgae Botryococcus braunii through the extraction process and to find out the potentiality of microalgae to be converted into biodiesel. In this research used n-hexane as solvent, then it was conducted a literature study for lipid extraction from Botryococcus braunii with soxhlet method as companion data result. In this research, lipid extraction was performed on a laboratory scale using 175 ml n-hexane. Microalgae Botryococcus braunii were cultivated for 10 days preceding the process of drying and it was followed by the process of lipid extraction with soxhlet. The results of this study showed that the extraction with soxhlet method had the percentage of lipid yield that was 24% with 45 cycles. The number of lipid yields obtained was affected by the number of solvent cycles during the extraction process. The extraction process run optimally since the number of solvent cycles increased more and more until there was no more lipids extract that could be dissolved by the solvent. Therefore, the best method of extraction was the soxhlet method because it had a dilution principle that occurred repeatedly.

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Evaluating Monetary-Based Benefit-Sharing as a Mechanism to Improve Local Human Development and its Importance for Impact Assessment of Hydropower Plants in Brazil

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Journal of Environmental Assessment Policy and Management 2019年第1期21卷 1-42页

作者： Pulice, Sérgio Mantovani Paiva Branco, Evandro Albiach Gallardo, Amarilis Lucia Casteli Figueiredo Roquetti, Daniel Rondinelli Moretto, Evandro Mateus Earth System Science Center National Institute for Space Research (INPE) Brazil Institute of Energy and Environment University of São Paulo (IEE-USP) Brazil PLANGEA - Research Group for Environmental Planning and Management University of São Paulo Av. dos Astronautas 1758-Jd. Granja São José dos Campos SP CEP 12227-010 Brazil Master's Program of Environmental Management and Sustainability University Nove de Julho (Uninove) Rua Vergueiro 235/249 Liberdade São Paulo SP 01504-000 Brazil Department of Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering Polytechnic School University of São Paulo (USP) Av. Prof. Mello Moraes 2373 Butantã São Paulo SP 05508-900 Brazil Institute of Energy and Environment University of São Paulo (IEE-USP) Amazon Dams Network (AND) PLANGEA - Research Group for Environmental Planning and Management Institute of Energy and Environment University of São Paulo Av. Prof. Luciano Gualberto 1289 Butantã São Paulo SP 05508-010 Brazil School of Arts Sciences and Humanities PLANGEA - Research Group for Environmental Planning and Management Institute of Energy and Environment University of São Paulo Av. Prof. Luciano Gualberto 1289 Butantã São Paulo SP 05508-010 Brazil

Although hydropower companies and governments have promoted monetary-based Benefit-Sharing Mechanisms alone as a vector of local development for flooded municipalities, it is not possible to identify this evidence in the scientific literature. The present work investigates the quantitative influence of Financial Compensation on Human Development Indexes (HDI) in flooded municipalities over 2000-2010. The econometric analysis shows that there are no statistically significant results related to the quantities of Financial Compensation and the development variables. The findings reinforce that Financial Compensation itself could not be considered the only input to improve development processes. Management frameworks should be considered since they can provide a broader view of the affected areas, including elements such as participatory processes, adaptation management, formal and legal guidelines and stakeholder engagement. Specially in the Brazilian case, the Impact Assessment procedures and their products could provide detailed data and criteria to municipalities to manage the inflow resources. © 2019 World Scientific Publishing Europe Ltd.

关键词： Benefit-sharing mechanisms development flooded municipalities hydropower

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Operational systems, logistics engineering and technology insertion

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1997年第3期109卷 205-220页

作者： Grubb, MJ Skolnick, A Michael J. Grubb:has perfomzed naval engineering at the Crane Division Naval Surface Warfare Center (NSWC) for more than twenty-five years. He currently the program manager for the Sustainable Hardware and Affordable Readiness Practice Program (SHARP). is a Navy-wide logistics research and development prgram aimed at the successful transiton of proved technologies inot the fleet. SHARP focuses on reducing acquisition performance capability reliability maintainability and readiness of these systems. Mr. Grubb has served as a department director for the past eleven years. His most recent assignment was as director of the Tactical Computer Resources and Test Equipment Department. This organization provided acquisition and in-service engineering support of the Navy's tectical embedded computers priphirals displays and mass memory storage devices. The organization also provided a complete range of product engineering and metrology engineerig services for SSP NevSeaSysCom and the Trident Program. Prior to this appointment Mr. Grubb was deptuy director psysical security programs department and site responsible for program management and system integration of ashore integrated security systems. Mr. Grubb holds a B.S. degree in industrial engineering from Iowa State Universtiy an M.S. degree in industrial engineering from Purdue University and has copleted the course work (Dec.'96 for a master's degree in public and environment affairs at Indiana University-Purdue Univeristy Indianapolis. Dr. Alfred Skolnick operates System Science Consultants (SSC) specilizing in strategic planning technical program definiton technology assessment and engineering analyses on selected matters of national interest. He has taught physics mathematics and management sciences at University of Virginia and Marymount University and is currently adjunct professor of mathematics at Northern Virginia Community College. Form 1985 to 1989 he was president of the American Society of Noval Engineers. Dr. Skolnick served at Applied Physic

In an era of fiscal austerity, downsizing and unforgiving pressure upon human and economic capital, it is an Augean task to identify resources for fresh and creative work. The realities of the day and the practical demands of more immediate fleet needs can often dictate higher priorities. Yet, the Navy must avoid eating its seed corn. Exercising both technical insight and management foresight, the fleet, the R&D community, the Office of the Chief of Naval Operations (OpNav) and the product engineering expertise of the Naval Surface Warfare Center (NSWC) are joined and underway with integrated efforts to marry new, fully demonstrated technologies and operational urgencies. Defense funding today cannot sponsor all work that can be mission-justified over the long term because budgets are insufficient to support product maturation within the classical development cycle. However, by rigorous technical filtering and astute engineering of both marketplace capabilities and currently available components, it is possible in a few select cases to compress and, in effect, integrate advanced development (6.3), engineering development (6.4), weapon procurement (WPN), ship construction (SCN), operation and maintenance (O&M,N) budgetary categories when fleet criticalities and technology opportunities can happily meet. In short, 6.3 funds can be applied directly to ''ripe gateways'' so modern technology is inserted into existing troubled or aging systems, sidestepping the lengthy, traditional development cycle and accelerating practical payoffs to recurrent fleet problems. To produce such constructive results has required a remarkable convergence of sponsor prescience and engineering workforce excellence. The paper describes, extensively, the philosophy of approach, transition strategy, polling of fleet needs, technology assessment, and management team requirements. The process for culling and selecting specific candidate tasks for SHARP sponsorship (matching operational need with t

关键词： Naval vessels

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MAGNETOHYDRODYNAMIC SUBMARINE PROPULSION systemS

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1991年第3期103卷 141-157页

作者： SWALLOM, DW SADOVNIK, I GIBBS, JS GUROL, H NGUYEN, LV VANDENBERGH, HH Daniel W. Swallomis the director of military power systems at Avco Research Laboratory Inc. a subsidiary of Textron Inc. in Everett Mass. Dr. Swallom received his B.S. M.S. and Ph.D. degrees in mechanical engineering from the University of Iowa Iowa City Iowa in 1969 1970 and 1972 respectively. He has authored numerous papers in the areas of power propulsion and plasma physics and currently is a member of the Aerospace Power Systems Technical Committee of the AIAA. Dr. Swallom has directed various programs for the development of advanced power generation systems lightweight power conditioning systems and advanced propulsion systems for marine applications. His previous experience includes work with Odin International Corporation Maxwell Laboratories Inc. Argonne National Laboratory and the Air Force Aero Propulsion Laboratory. Currently Dr. Swallom is directing the technical efforts to apply magnetohydrodynamic principles to a variety of propulsion and power applications for various marine vehicles and power system requirements respectively. Isaac Sadovnikis a principal research engineer in the Energy Technology Office at Avco Research Laboratory Inc. a subsidiary of Textron Inc. He received his B.S. in engineering (1974) B.S. in physics (1975) M.S. in aeronautics and astronautics (1976) and Ph.D. in physics of fluids (1981) at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Dr. Sadovnik has been involved in research work funded by DARPA concerning the use of magnetohydrodynamics for underwater propulsion. He has built theoretical models that predict the hydrodynamic behavior of seawater flow through magnetohydrodynamic ducts and their interaction with the rest of the vehicle (thrust and drag produced). In addition Dr. Sadovnik has been involved in research investigations geared toward the NASP program concerning the use of magnetohydrodynamic combustion-driven accelerator channels. Prior to joining Avco Dr. Sadovnik was a research assistant at MIT where he conducted experimental and

Magnetohydrodynamic propulsion systems for submarines offer several significant advantages over conventional propeller propulsion systems. These advantages include the potential for greater stealth characteristics, increased maneuverability, enhanced survivability, elimination of cavitation limits, greater payload capability, and the addition of a significant emergency propulsion system. These advantages can be obtained with a magnetohydrodynamic propulsion system that is neutrally bouyant and can operate with the existing submarine propulsion system power plant. A thorough investigation of magnetohydrodynamic propulsion systems for submarine applications has been completed. During the investigation, a number of geometric configurations were examined. Each of these configurations and mounting concepts was optimized for maximum performance for a generic attack class submarine. The optimization considered each thruster individually by determining the optimum operating characteristics for each one and accepting only those thrusters that result in a neutrally buoyant propulsion system. The results of this detailed optimization study show that the segmented, annular thruster is the concept with the highest performance levels and greatest efficiency and offers the greatest potential for a practical magnetohydrodynamic propulsion system for attack class submarines. The optimization study results were used to develop a specific point design for a segmented, annular magnetohydrodynamic thruster for an attack class submarine. The design point case has shown that this thruster may be able to provide the necessary thrust to propel an attack class submarine at the required velocity with the potential for a substantial acoustic signature reduction within the constraints of the existing submarine power plant and the maintenance of neutral buoyancy. This innovative magnetohydrodynamic propulsion system offers an approach for submarine propulsion that can be an important contributio

关键词： Ship Propulsion

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RACER - A DESIGN FOR MAINTAINABILITY

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1985年第5期97卷 139-146页

作者： DONOVAN, MR MATTSON, WS Michael R. Donovanis a 1974 graduate of the United States Naval Academy where he received his undergraduate degree in naval architecture. In 1975 he received a master of science degree in naval architecture and marine engineering from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. After completing the Navy's nuclear power training program he served as machinery division officer in USSBainbridge (CGN-25) and chemistry and radiological controls assistant in USSLong Beach (CGN-9). He successfully completed the Navy's surface warfare officer qualification and passed the nuclear engineer's examination administered by Naval Reactors. He was then assigned to the Ship Design and Engineering Directorate (SEA-05) Naval Sea Systems Command as head systems engineer on the DDG-51 ship design project where he received the Navy Commendation Medal for outstanding performance. He is currently with Solar Turbines Incorporated as manager ship integration and integrated logistic support for the Rankine cycle energy recovery (RACER) system. Mr. Donovan has lectured at Virginia Polytechnic Institute teaching marine engineering and has given presentations on ship design at various symposiums and section meetings for both ASNE and SNAME. He has been a member of ASNE and SNAME since 1972 and is registered as a professional engineer in California and Virginia. Wayne S. Mattsonreceived his B.S. degree in mechanical engineering from Western New England College in 1972. Following graduation he attended Naval Officer Candidate School and was subsequently assigned as a project officer to COMOPTEVFOR where he was responsible for technical and operational test plans their execution and final equipment appraisal. Following a tour as engineering officer aboard the USSNespelen (AOG-55) he was assigned as commissioning MPA aboard the USSElliot (DD-967) the fifthSpruanceclass destroyer. For the past six years he has been employed by Solar Turbines Incorporated in program management within the advanced development department. He is currently

There is a great deal of emphasis currently in the Navy on the issues of reliability and maintainability. If a system or component is out of commission, it obviously cannot perform its mission. Thus, systems and components must be reliable, with low failure rates, and maintainable, with short repair times when the system does become inoperable. To be effective, these attributes must be incorporated into new ship systems early in the design stage. The Rankine cycle energy recovery (RACER) system is a heat recovery steam cycle designed to recover energy from the exhaust of an LM2500 gas turbine for augmentation of a ship's propulsion system. The RACER system provides several advantages to a gas turbine powered ship, one of which is improved fuel efficiency for significant annual fuel savings. This saving does not come free, however, since, in general, any additional system installed in the ship will have some maintenance requirements. In keeping with the Navy's current emphasis, a key philosophy in the design of the RACER system has been to minimize this maintenance burden. After a brief description of the RACER system and its design philosophy, the techniques being used during the design phase to minimize the maintenance burden on the fleet are presented. Trade-off studies concerning acquisition versus life-cycle costs, including fuel and maintenance costs, are discussed. Innovations incorporated into this state-of-the-art system are reviewed with an emphasis on design for affordability.

关键词： COGENERATION PLANTS

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FUTURE PROPULSION MACHINERY TECHNOLOGY FOR GAS-TURBINE POWERED FRIGATES, DESTROYERS, AND CRUISERS

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1984年第2期96卷 34-46页

作者： BASKERVILLE, JE QUANDT, ER DONOVAN, MR USN The Authors Commander James E. Baskerville USNis presently assigned to Naval Sea Systems Command (NA VSEA) as the Ship Design Manager for the DDG 51 the Navy's next generation surface combatant. A graduate of the U.S. Naval Academy Class of 1969 he is a qualified Surface Warfare Officer and designated Engineering Duty Officer (ED). He received his M.S. degree in Mechanical Engineering and his professional degree of Ocean Engineer from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and holds a patent right on an Electronic Control and Response System. His naval assignments include tours in USSRamsey (FFG-2) Aide and Flag Lieutenant to the Commander Naval Electronic Systems Command and Ship Superintendent Surface Type Desk Officer and Assistant Design Superintendent at NA VSHIPYD Pearl Harbor. He was awarded the Meritorious Service Medal for distinguished performance at Pearl Harbor Naval Shipyard. As an author he has contributed articles to the ASNEJournaland given presentations at local sections on ship design the use of innovative technology in ship repair and maintenance and the costs and risks associated with engineering progress. Commander Baskerville is a registered Professional Engineer in the State of Virginia an adjunct professor teaching marine engineering at Virginia Tech. and in addition to ASNE which he joined in 1975 is a member of SNAME Tau Beta Pi Sigma Xi ASME and the American Society of Heating Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE). Dr. Earl R. Quandt:received his degree of Chemical Engineer from the University of Cincinnati in 1956 and his Ph.D. degree in Chemical Engineering from the University of Pittsburgh in 1961. He worked in the naval reactors program at the Bettis Atomic Power Laboratory from 1956 to 1963. Since that time he has been with David Taylor Naval Ship Research and Development Center Annapolis Maryland where he is Head of the Power Systems Division. He contributed to this paper while on a one year assignment to the U.S. Naval Academy as V

A turning point occurred in naval engineering in 1972 when the U.S. N avy chose to use marine gas turbines for the propulsion of its new SPRUANCE and PERRY Class ships. This paper reviews the more than twenty years of experience with turbine technology and its design integration into combat ships needed to make that decision. It is concluded that the availability of a good second generation aircraft derivative engine with proven reliability and a strong commercial base, i.e., the LM-2500, was as important to the decision as was the predicted improved ship effectiveness and cost benefits. This paper discusses improvements that can be made to the twin engine, single gear, single propeller shaft system. Focusing only on this mechanical transmission concept, it addresses the impact of possible improvements to the engine, gear, and shafting. In particular, the paper discusses current LM-2500 related R&D efforts to: (a) obtain improved part-power fuel rates, (b) integrate with a reversing reduction gear, and (c) add on a waste heat recovery steam cycle. Looking ahead to the year 2000, this paper suggests that a successor to the ubiquitous LM-2500 will appear in the 15 MW power range to provide the next step in the evolution of the twin engine package. This new naval engine will most likely be based on an aircraft core that exists at present, such that it will have demonstrated its reliability and commercial potential through many hours of testing prior to its mid-1990 marine conversion. This new engine is expected to offer improved air flow, an excellent fuel rate (approaching a flat 0.30 LB/HP-HR), and effective maintenance monitoring, all at some expense in size, weight, and cost. The year 2000 engine will burn a liquid hydrocarbon fuel similar to JP-5 because of its aircraft origins. Combined with advances in gear and shafting technology, the full twin engine propulsion system of the year 2000 should be markedly lighter, smaller, and more efficient than today's units.

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A COMPUTER-MODEL FOR SHIPBOARD energy ANALYSIS

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1984年第5期96卷 33-45页

作者： DETOLLA, JP FLEMING, JR Joseph DeTolla:is a ship systems engineer in the Ship Systems Engineering Division SEA 56D5 at the Naval Sea Systems Command. His career with the Navy started in 1965 at the Philadelphia Naval Shipyard Design Division. In 1971 he transferred to the Naval Ship Engineering Center. He has held positions as a fluid systems design engineer and auxiliary systems design integration engineer. Mr. DeTolla has worked extensively in the synthesis and analysis of total energy systems notably the design development of the FFG-7 class waste heat recovery system. He is NA VSEA's machinery group computer supported design project coordinator and is managing the development of a machinery systems data base load forecasting algorithms and design analysis computer programs. Mr. DeTolla has a bachelor of science degree in mechanical engineering from Drexel University and a master of engineering administration degree from George Washington University. He is a registered professional engineer in the District of Columbia and has written several technical papers on waste heat recovery and energy conservation. Jeffrey Fleming:is a senior project engineer in the Energy R&D Office at the David Taylor Naval Ship R&D Center. In his current position as group leader for the future fleet energy conservation portion of the Navy's energy R&D program he is responsible for the identification and development of advanced components and subsystems which will lead to reductions in the fossil fuel consumption of future ships. Over the past several years he has also directed the development and application of total energy computer analysis techniques for the assessment of conventional and advanced shipboard machinery concepts. Mr. Fleming is a 1971 graduate electrical engineer of Virginia Polytechnic Institute and received his MS in electrical engineering from Johns Hopkins University in 1975. Mr. Fleming has authored various technical publications and was the recipient of the Severn Technical Society's “Best Technical Paper of the Year” award in 1

In support of the Navy's efforts to improve the energy usage of future ships and thereby to reduce fleet operating costs, a large scale computer model has been developed by the David Taylor Naval Ship Research and Development Center (DTNSRDC) to analyze the performance of shipboard energy systems for applications other than nuclear or oil-fired steam propulsion plants. This paper discusses the applications and utility of this computer program as a performance analysis tool for design of ship machinery systems. The program is a simulation model that performs a complete thermodynamic analysis of a user-specified energy system. It offers considerable flexibility in analyzing a variety of propulsion, electrical, and auxiliary plant configurations through a component building block structure. Component subroutines that model the performance of shipboard equipment such as engines, boilers, generators, and compressors are available from the program library. Component subroutines are selected and linked in the program to model the desired machinery plant functional configurations. The operation of the defined shipboard energy system may then be simulated over a user-specified scenario of temperature, time, and load profiles. The program output furnishes information on component operating characteristics and fuel demands, which allows evaluation of the total system performance.

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AN OVERVIEW OF THE ROLE OF THE NAVSEA HUMAN-FACTORS engineering program IN SHIP DESIGN

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1983年第4期95卷 139-152页

作者： STEIN, NI BENEL, RA MALONE, TB Mr. Norman I. Stein:received his degree in mechanical engineering from the University of Iowa in 1943. MK Stein began his career with the Bureau of Ships Department of the Navy. After his military service with the Army of Occupation in Japan he has held positions with the Corps of Engineering Atomic Energy Commission Walter Reed Army General Hospital and the Protective Structures Development Center Department of the Army. He returned to the Naval Sea Systems Command in 1967 and is currently with the Manning and Controls Integration Branch SEA 55 W16. Mr. Stein is a registered professional engineer in New York state and also is a certified fallout shelter analyst with the Department of the Army. He has authored a comprehensive study on air distribution studies in multi-room shelters presentedpapers on human factors engineering to the Association of Scientists and Engineers and recently contributed a chapter on human factors engineering which will be incorporated in the proposed Naval Sea Systems Handbook on Surface Ship Design. Russell A. Benel:received his Ph. D. in engineering psychology from the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. He is currently a Senior Research Scientist with Essex Corporation where he is the manager of the Man-Machine Systems Department. He has been responsible f o r scientific studies associated with the Human Factors Engineering f o r ships program under contract to the Naval Sea Systems Command specifically the development application and validation of human factors engineering technology f o r surface ship systems such as aircraft launch and recovery propulsion engineering combat direction weapons and total ship systems. He is currently providing Human Factors Engineering Support on the DDG-51. His other activities include a variety of research development test and evaluation activities for military systems. He had been with the Crew Performance Branch of the Crew Technology Division at the USAF School of Aerospace Medicine as a National Research Council Postd

This paper provides a context within which the role of human factors engineering (HFE) for Naval ship design may be understood. HFE is defined and its history as part of engineering design teams is traced. The role of HFE in ship systems design is defined, and the HFE Technology for Ships program, managed by SEA 061R, is described. The rationale for inclusion of HFE in the design process is presented, the methodology whereby it is incorporated into the design process is detailed, methodology to assess the application of HFE is outlined, and the benefits that will accrue as a result of inclusion of HFE considerations in the design process are documented. The counterpoint to inclusion is illustrated through instances of design-induced human errors. A specific application of HFE in the acquisition process is illustrated through use of the Landing Craft, Air Cushion HFE program plan. The difficulties which may be encountered as the size of the target system expands are described. Potential roadblocks to the required incorporation of HFE are examined for their source and possible ameliorative steps.

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Abstracts

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Environmental Management 1977年第1期1卷 67-96页

作者： Frankenfeld, John W. Schulz, Wolfgang McMurty, George J. Petersen, Gary W. May, G. A. Hering, F. S. Schwartz, J. I. Heywood, J. B. Chigier, N. A. Grohse, E. W. Walker, J. D. Colwell, R. R. Petrakis, L. Pergament, H. S. Thorpe, R. D. Schoepf, Richard W. Krzyczkowski, Roman Henneman, Suzanne S. Hudson, Charles L. Putnam, Evelyn S. Thiesen, Donna J. Parks, G. A. McCarty, Perry L. Leckie, J. O. Schrumpf, Barry J. Simonson, G. H. Paine, D. P. Lawrence, R. D. Pyott, W. T. Leh, M. Elders, W. Combs, J. Caplen, T. Harrison, F. L. Wong, K. M. Heft., R. E. Charnell, Robert L. Lehmann, Edward J. Mallon, Lawrence G. Hatfield, Cecile Adams, Gerald H. Johanning, James Talvitie, Antti Noll, Kenneth E. Miller, Terry Smiarowski, Joseph F. Willis, Cleve E. Foster, John H. Schlesinger, Benjamin Daetz, Douglas Lear, Donald U. Smith, Mona F. Hundemann, Audrey S. Crockett, Pernell W. Werner, Kirk G. Carroll, Thomas E. Maase, David L. Genco, Joseph E. Ifeadi, Christopher N. Lowman, F. G. Christensen, S. W. Van Winkle, W. Mattice, J. S. Harrison, Elizabeth A. Barker, James C. Chesness, Jerry L. Smith, Ralph E. Shaheeen, Donald G. Raney, R. Keith Borton, T. Wezernak, C. T. Raney, R. K. Sherwani, Jabbor K. Moreau, David H. Eisenberg, Norman A. Lynch, Cornelius J. Breeding, Roger J. Johnson, J. D. Foster, K. E. Mouat, D. A. Clark, R. Hyden, John William Owen, Wilfred Bayfield, Neil G. Barrow, Graham C. Stolz, Stephanie B. Wienckowski, Louis A. Brown, Betram S. Keyfitz, Nathan Wilson, W. L. Newman, Peter W. G. Bammi, Deepak Bammi, Dalip Goddard, James E. Chisholm, Tony Walsh, Cliff Brennan, Geoffrey Thompson, K. S. Richardson, R. Jensen, Clayton E. Brown, Dail W. Mirabito, John A. Cowing, Thomas G. Binghamton, Suny Siehl, George H. Albrecht, O. W. Alexander, Ariel Barde, Jean -Philippe Darby, William P. McMichael, Francis Clay Dunlap, Robert W. Muckleston, Keith W. Frankenhoff, Charles A. Giulini, Lorenzo T. Wyatt, T. Black, Peter E. Keating, William Thomas Leonard, M. E. Fisher, E. L. Brunelle, M. F. Dickinson, J. E. Pethig, Rudiger Clapham Exxon Research & Engineering Co. Linden Government Research Lab Coast Guard Washington D.C. Department of Transportation Washington D.C. Office For Remote Sensing of Earth Resources. NASA Earth Resources Survey Program Pennsylvania State University Washington D.C. Department of the Navy Washington D.C. Cambridge. Dept. of Mechanical Engineering Massachusetts Inst. of Technology USA Huntsville. School of Graduate Studies and Research Alabama Univ. USA Dept. of Microbiology. Office of Naval Research Maryland Univ. Arlington Research and Development Co. Pittsburgh AeroChem Research Labs. Inc. Princeton Dept. of the Interior Office of Library Services. Bibliographic Series (Final) Washington D.C. Interplan Corp. Santa Barbara Urban Mass Transportation Adm. Washington D.C. Naval Underwater Systems Center Newport Calif. Mercury Project. National Science Found Stanford Univ Washington D.C. Div. of Advanced Environmental Research & Tech. USA Corvallis. NASA Earth Resources Survey Program Oregon State Univ. Washington D.C. Riverside. Inst. of Geophysics and Planetary Physics National Science Foundation California Univ. Washington D.C. Livermore Lawrence Livermore Lab. California Univ. USA Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Labs. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Miami National Technical Information Service Springfield Miami Univ. Coral Gables School of Law National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Rockville National Academy of Sciences Office of Sea Grant Washington D. C. School of Law National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Office of Sea Grant. Rockville Norman. Dept. of Civil Engineering and Environmental Science. Urban Mass Transportation Administration Oklahoma Univ. Washington D. C. Knoxville.Dept. of Civil Engineering. Federal Highway Administration Tennessee Univ. Washington D. C. Amherst.Water Resources Research Center. Office of Water Research and Technology Massachusetts Univ. Washington D. C. Calif. Dept. of Industria

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