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18th International Conference on Open Source Systems and Technologies, ICOSST 2024

作者： Hamid, Soomaiya Bawany, Narmeen Zakaria Jinnah University for Women Center for Computing Research Department of Computer Science and Software Engineering Karachi Pakistan

ISBN: (纸本)9798331508692

The integration of IoT devices in smart cities enhances urban infrastructure, services, and governance but also introduces significant cybersecurity challenges. Traditional centralized Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) face several issues, including data privacy concerns and high-power consumption due to centralized data processing. These challenges increase the risks of unauthorized access, data breaches, and privacy violations, undermining user trust and compliance with privacy regulations. Additionally, the centralization of data and processing leads to higher power consumption, making these systems less sustainable for widespread deployment in smart cities. This research addresses these issues by proposing a Federated Learning (FL)based intrusion detection framework for smart cities. FL enables collaborative and privacy-preserving model training across distributed IoT devices, mitigating the need to share sensitive data centrally. By aggregating local model updates, FL ensures data privacy and distributes the computational workload, significantly reducing power consumption compared to traditional centralized systems. The proposed model leverages advanced AI techniques and is trained using the IoTID20 dataset. The Flower framework, utilizing the FedAvg algorithm, facilitates the federated learning process. Our experimental results demonstrate that the global model achieves 98% accuracy, with individual clients achieving accuracies of around 85% to 98%. This approach provides continuous learning mechanisms, anomaly detection, and ensemble learning capabilities, enhancing the resilience of federated intrusion detection systems against emerging threats and adversarial attacks. This research systematically investigates the application of federated learning for intrusion detection in smart city networks, addressing key challenges and advancing the state-of-the-art in decentralized cybersecurity solutions. The proposed framework offers a robust, scalable, and privacyco

关键词： Federated learning

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Understanding interfacial engineering of surface functionalized boron nitride nanosheets within thermal interface materials

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Science China Materials 2025年第4期68卷 1300-1302页

作者： Gaojie Han Yuezhan Fengg Changyu Shen State Key Laboratory of Structural Analysis Optimization and CAE Software for Industrial EquipmentNational Engineering Research Center for Advanced Polymer Processing TechnologyZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou 450002China

The continuous miniaturization and high-power development of electronic devices have given rise to severe interface thermal issues,which urgently demand highly thermally conductive thermal interface materials(TIMs)to ... 详细信息

关键词： interfacial engineering heat accumulation interface thermal issueswhich thermal interface materials surface functionalized boron nitride nanosheets electronic devices thermal conductivity

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Redactable Blockchain From Decentralized Chameleon Hash Functions, Revisited

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IEEE Transactions on Computers 2025年第6期74卷 1911-1920页

作者： Li, Cong Shen, Qingni Wu, Zhonghai Peking University School of Software and Microelectronics Beijing100871 China Peking University National Engineering Research Center for Software Engineering Beijing100871 China Peking University Key Laboratory of High Confidence Software Technologies Ministry of Education Beijing100871 China Peking University PKU-OCTA Laboratory for Blockchain and Privacy Computing Beijing100871 China

Recently, redactable blockchains have attracted attention owing to enabling the contents of blocks to be re-written. The existing redactable blockchain solutions can be classified as two categories, the centralized one and decentralized one. In centralized solutions, a single blockchain node possessing the trapdoor conducts redaction operations. However, they suffer from the issue of single point of failure. In decentralized solutions, redaction operations are performed by numerous blockchain nodes cooperatively. But there also exists the issue of inefficiency or requiring a trusted party in these solutions. Subsequently, Jia et al. proposed a redactable blockchain solution from a decentralized chameleon hash function (DCH) they designed, which supports the threshold redaction, traceability and consistency check. Nevertheless, after carefully analyzing their solution, we find that it fails to achieve the security they claimed by presenting a concrete attack. To resolve this security issue, we propose a novel chameleon hash function scheme that achieves strong collision-resistant security while maintaining simple and efficient as the building block. Based on it, we then present an improved DCH scheme with sufficient security, so that the redactable blockchain from it can resist the presented attack. Theoretical and experimental analyses demonstrate that improved DCH achieves efficiency comparable to DCH. © 1968-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Decentralized control

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Detecting Malicious Migration on Edge to Prevent Running Data Leakage 48

Detecting Malicious Migration on Edge to Prevent Running Dat...

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48th IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing, ICASSP 2023

作者： Wong, Yuchen Shen, Qingni Li, Cong Liu, Cunzhan Ai, Tianxiang Peking University School of Software and Microelectronics National Engineering Research Center for Software Engineering PKU-OCTA Laboratory for Blockchain and Privacy Computing China

ISBN: (纸本)9781728163277

With the popularity of the Internet of Things (IoT) applications, for instance, smart homes and smart medical, edge servers have become increasingly critical infrastructures. Nevertheless, the loose management puts the edge server under the threat of malicious administrators, which causes the leaking risks of the user's data security. We first give a Data Sniffing Attack that malicious administrators can use live migration to complete without being discovered. To resist the attack, the transparency of live migration to users is the most severe difficulty, where there has not been an effective solution yet. In this paper, we propose a live migration detection model to simulate the migration process, namely observing the indicator values that can obtain without high authorities and calculating the possibility of state transition. Then through many migration experiments, we present the immediate indicators represented by the OS interrupts and the persistent indicators represented by the IO speed, and sort these indicator values into datasets. Next, we train ten frequently-used classifiers and show their accuracy. Eventually, we analyze the advantages and disadvantages of different algorithms in predicting migration and provide the weight recommendation if applied in the detection model. © 2023 IEEE.

关键词： data leakage edge computing Internet of Things live migration malicious administrator

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NCL: Textual Backdoor Defense Using Noise-Augmented Contrastive Learning 48

NCL: Textual Backdoor Defense Using Noise-Augmented Contrast...

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48th IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing, ICASSP 2023

作者： Zhai, Shengfang Shen, Qingni Chen, Xiaoyi Wang, Weilong Li, Cong Fang, Yuejian Wu, Zhonghai Peking University School of Software and Microelectronics National Engineering Research Center for Software Engineering PKU-OCTA Laboratory for Blockchain and Privacy Computing China

ISBN: (纸本)9781728163277

At present, backdoor attacks attract attention as they do great harm to deep learning models. By poisoning the training data, the adversary makes the model trained based on this dataset being injected with a backdoor. In the field of text, however, existing works do not provide sufficient defense against backdoor attacks. In this paper, we propose a Noise-augmented Contrastive Learning (NCL) framework to defend against textual backdoor attacks when training models with untrustworthy data. With the aim of mitigating the mapping between triggers and the target label, we add appropriate noise perturbing possible backdoor triggers, augment the training dataset, and then pull homology samples in the feature space utilizing contrastive learning objective. Experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of our method in defending three types of textual backdoor attacks, outperforming the prior works. © 2023 IEEE.

关键词： Backdoor defense Contrastive learning Data augmentation Label correction NLP models

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Compressible thermoplastic polyurethane/silver nanorod foams for absorption dominant electromagnetic interference shielding

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2024年第30期197卷 9-16页

作者： Zhaoyang Li Yong Shen Yang Zhou Bing Zhou Chuntai Liu Yuezhan Feng State Key Laboratory of Structural Analysis Optimization and CAE Software for Industrial EquipmentNational Engineering Research Center for Advanced Polymer Processing TechnologyZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou 450002China Shangqiu Normal University Shangqiu 476000China

Conductive polymer composites(CPCs)have attracted significant interest in the field of flexible electro-magnetic protection,but the challenge of balancing high electromagnetic interference shielding effec-tiveness(EMI SE)and low reflection losses still ***,thermoplastic polyurethane/silver nanorod(TPU/AgNR)composite foams have been successfully prepared using both the salt template and vacuum-assisted thermal compression *** varying the AgNRs content and employing a layer-by-layer bonding approach,a gradient structure with optimized impedance matching is ***“absorb-reflect-reabsorb”EM attenuation mechanismofthe asymmetricgradientEMI shieldingin theinternal structure is exploited,resulting in TPU/AgNR foam(TAF)with high EMI SE and significantly reduced EM ***,the three-layer foams exhibit an average shielding efficacy of 35.5 dB and a reflected power coefficient(R)of 0.085 in the X-band,thereby substantially mitigating secondary EM wave ***,these foams demonstrate exemplary compressive resilience,with the sample main-taining excellent EMI shielding stability even after undergoing 100 compression cycles at 50%***,a straightforward approach is employed to fabricate materials with high EMI SE and low reflectivity,offering the potential for use in EM shielding applications of next-generation flexible elec-tronic devices.

关键词： Thermoplastic polyurethane foam Asymmetric gradient structure EMI shielding EM wave absorption Mechanical properties

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Highly oriented MXene/polyvinyl alcohol films prepared by scalable layer-by-layer blade coating for efficient electromagnetic interference shielding and infrared stealth

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Nano research 2024年第6期17卷 5651-5660页

作者： Jingyu Dong Zhaoyang Li Congqi Liu Bing Zhou Chuntai Liu uezhan Feng State Key Laboratory of Structural Analysis Optimization and CAE Software for Industrial EquipmentNational Engineering Research Center for Advanced Polymer Processing TechnologyZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou 450002China Shangqiu Normal University Shangqiu 476000China

Controlling the orientation of two-dimensional MXene within layered films is essential to optimize or tune their mechanical properties and electromagnetic interference shielding(EMI)performance,but achieving the high orientation MXene layers on an industrial scale remains a challenging *** this paper,a scalable layer-by-layer blade coating(LbLBC)method was employed to fabricate highly oriented MXene/polyvinyl alcohol(PVA)*** the LbLBC process,MXene/PVA colloid suffered a strong shearing effect,which induced the ordered alignment of MXene nanosheets along the direction of the blade *** orientation of MXene can be effectively adjusted by changing the scraping gap of LbLBC,achieving a maximum Herman orientation factor f of *** a result,the mechanical properties and EMI performance of the as-prepared MXene/PVA films are in direct proportion to their orientation,with the optimal values of tensile strength of 145.5 MPa,fracture strain of 19.6%,toughness of 17.7 MJ·m^(−3),and EMI shielding effectiveness of 36.7 ***,the inherently low mid-infrared(mid-IR)emissivity of MXene,combined with the densely oriented structure affords the composite films with IR stealth,resulting in a substantial decrease from 150 to 66.1℃in the radiative temperature of a ***,these scalable MXene/PVA films exhibit remarkable potential for integration into the next generation of multifunctional protective camouflage materials.

关键词： MXene nanosheets densely oriented structure layer-by-layer blade coating electromagnetic interference shielding infrared stealth

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Polyzwitterionic cross-linked double network hydrogel electrolyte enabling high-stable Zn anode

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Nano research 2024年第6期17卷 5278-5287页

作者： Mengyu Shi Junlong Zhang Guochuan Tang Ben Wang Sen Wang Xiaoxian Ren Guojie Li Weihua Chen Chuntai Liu Changyu Shen State Key Laboratory of Structural Analysis Optimization and CAE Software for Industrial EquipmentNational Engineering Research Center for Advanced Polymer Processing TechnologyZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou 450002China College of Chemistry and Green Catalysis Center Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou 450001China Research Institute of Interdisciplinary Science and School of Materials Science and Engineering Dongguan University of TechnologyDongguan 523808China

Zn metal anode suffers from dendrite issues and passive byproducts,which severely plagues the practical application of aqueous Zn metal ***,a polyzwitterionic cross-linked double network hydrogel electrolyte composed of physical crosslinking(hyaluronic acid)and chemical crosslinking(synthetic zwitterionic monomer copolymerized with acrylamide)is introduced to overcome these *** the one hand,highly hydrophilic physical network provides an energy dissipation channel to buffer stress and builds a H_(2)O-poor interface to avoid side *** the other hand,the charged groups(sulfonic and imidazolyl)in chemical crosslinking structure build anion/cation transport channels to boost ions’kinetics migration and regulate the typical solvent structure[Zn(H_(2)O)_(6)]^(2+)to R-SO_(3)^(−)[Zn(H_(2)O)_(4)]^(2+),with uniform electric field distribution and significant resistance to dendrites and parasitic *** on the above functions,the symmetric zinc cell exhibits superior cycle stability for more than 420 h at a high current density of 5 mA·cm^(−2),and Zn||MnO_(2)full cell has a reversible specific capacity of 150 mAh·g^(−1)after 1000 cycles at 2 C with this hydrogel ***,the pouch cell delivers impressive flexibility and cyclability for energy-storage applications.

关键词： Zn anode dendrites parasitic reactions polyzwitterion double network hydrogel electrolyte

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Transaction transmission model for blockchain channels based on non-cooperative games

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Science China(Information Sciences) 2023年第1期66卷 97-114页

作者： Peiyun ZHANG Chenxi LI Mengchu ZHOU Wenjun HUANG Abdullah ABUSORRAH Omaimah O.BAMASAG Engineering Research Center of Digital Forensics of Ministry of Education School of Computer and SoftwareNanjing University of Information Science and Technology School of Computer and Information Anhui Normal University Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering New Jersey Institute of Technology Center of Research Excellence in Renewable Energy and Power Systems Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty of Engineering and K.A.CARE Energy Research and Innovation CenterKing Abdulaziz University Department of Computer Science Faculty of Computing and Information Technology Center of Excellence in Smart Environment Research King Abdulaziz University

In blockchain networks, transactions can be transmitted through channels. The existing transmission methods depend on their routing information. If a node randomly chooses a channel to transmit a transaction, the transmission may be aborted due to insufficient funds(also called balance) or a low transmission rate. To increase the success rate and reduce transmission delay across all transactions, this work proposes a transaction transmission model for blockchain channels based on non-cooperative game *** balance, channel states, and transmission probability are fully considered. This work then presents an optimized channel transaction transmission algorithm. First, channel balances are analyzed and suitable channels are selected if their balance is sufficient. Second, a Nash equilibrium point is found by using an iterative sub-gradient method and its related channels are then used to transmit transactions. The proposed method is compared with two state-of-the-art approaches: Silent Whispers and Speedy Murmurs. Experimental results show that the proposed method improves transmission success rate, reduces transmission delay,and effectively decreases transmission overhead in comparison with its two competitive peers.

关键词： Blockchain channel transaction transmission channel balance channel state channel transmission probability non-cooperative game

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Synergetic Focal Loss for Imbalanced Classification in Federated XGBoost

IEEE Transactions on Artificial Intelligence

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IEEE Transactions on Artificial Intelligence 2024年第2期5卷 647-660页

作者： Tian, Jiao Tsai, Pei-Wei Zhang, Kai Cai, Xinyi Xiao, Hongwang Yu, Ke Zhao, Wenyu Chen, Jinjun Department of Computing Technologies Swinburne University of Technology MelbourneVIC3122 Australia Center for Health Computing Research Beijing Academy of Artificial Intelligence Beijing100084 China School of Big Data and Software Engineering Chongqing University Chongqing400044 China

Applying sparsity- and overfitting-aware eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) for classification in federated learning allows many participants to train a series of trees collaboratively. Since various local multiclass distributions and global aggregation diversity, model performance plummets as convergence slowly and accuracy decreases. Worse still, neither the participants nor the server can detect this problem and make timely adjustments. In this article, we provide a new local-global class imbalance inconsistency quantification and utilize softmax as the activation and focal loss, a dynamically scaled cross-entropy loss, in federated XGBoost to mitigate local class imbalance. Moreover, we propose a simple but effective hyperparameter determination strategy based on local data distribution to adjust the sample weights among noncommunicating participants, synergetic focal loss, to solve the inconsistency of local and global class imbalance, a unique characteristic of federated learning. This strategy is perfectly integrated into the original classification algorithm. It requires no additional detectors or information transmission. Furthermore, a dynamical for loop is designed to capture an optimum hyperparameter combination. Finally, we conduct comprehensive tabular- and image-based experiments to show that synergetic focal loss used in federated XGBoost achieves faster convergency and significant accuracy improvement. Simulation results prove the effectiveness of the proposed principle of configuring sample weights. © 2023 IEEE.

关键词： Heuristic algorithms

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