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Heterogeneous influence of individuals’ behavior on mask efficacy in gathering environments

Frontiers of engineering Management 2022年第4期9卷 550-562页

作者： Haochen SUN Xiaofan LIU Zhanwei DU Ye WU Haifeng ZHANG Xiaoke XU College of Information and Communication Engineering Dalian Minzu UniversityDalian 116600China Web Mining Laboratory Department of Media and CommunicationCity University of Hong KongHong KongChina WHO Collaborating Centre for Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Control School of Public HealthLi Ka Shing Faculty of MedicineThe University of Hong KongHong KongChina Laboratory of Data Discovery for Health Hong Kong Science and Technology ParkHong KongChina Computational Communication Research Center Beijing Normal University(Zhuhai)Zhuhai 519087China School of Journalism and Communication Beijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100875China Key Laboratory of Intelligent Computing and Signal Processing of Ministry of Education School of Mathematical ScienceAnhui UniversityHefei 230601China

Wearing masks is an easy way to operate and popular measure for preventing *** masks can slow down the spread of viruses,their efficacy in gathering environments involving heterogeneous person-to-person contacts remains ***,we aim to investigate the epidemic prevention effect of masks in different real-life gathering *** study uses four real interpersonal contact datasets to construct four empirical networks to represent four gathering *** transmission of COVID-19 is simulated using the Monte Carlo simulation *** heterogeneity of individuals can cause mask efficacy in a specific gathering environment to be different from the baseline efficacy in general ***,the heterogeneity of gathering environments causes the epidemic prevention effect of masks to *** masks can greatly reduce the probability of clustered epidemics and the infection scale in primary schools,high schools,and ***,the use of masks alone in primary schools and hospitals cannot control *** high schools with social distancing between classes and in workplaces where the interpersonal contact is relatively sparse,masks can meet the need for *** the heterogeneity of individual behavior,if individuals who are more active in terms of interpersonal contact are prioritized for mask-wearing,the epidemic prevention effect of masks can be ***,asymptomatic infection has varying effects on the prevention effect of masks in different *** effect can be weakened or eliminated by increasing the usage rate of masks in high schools and ***,the effect on primary schools and hospitals cannot be *** study contributes to the accurate evaluation of mask efficacy in various gathering environments to provide scientific guidance for epidemic prevention.

关键词： COVID-19 masks behavioral heterogeneity asymptomatic infection

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Subspace variational quantum simulator

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Physical Review research 2023年第2期5卷 023078-023078页

作者： Kentaro Heya Ken M. Nakanishi Kosuke Mitarai Zhiguang Yan Kun Zuo Yasunari Suzuki Takanori Sugiyama Shuhei Tamate Yutaka Tabuchi Keisuke Fujii Yasunobu Nakamura RIKEN Center for Quantum Computing (RQC) Wako Saitama 351-0198 Japan Institute for Physics of Intelligence The University of Tokyo Tokyo 113-0033 Japan Graduate School of Engineering Science Osaka University 1-3 Machikaneyama Toyonaka Osaka 560-8531 Japan Center for Quantum Information and Quantum Biology Osaka University Japan JST PRESTO 4-1-8 Honcho Kawaguchi Saitama 332-0012 Japan NTT Computer and Data Science Laboratories NTT Corporation Musashino 180-8585 Japan Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology (RCAST) The University of Tokyo Meguro-ku Tokyo 153-8904 Japan Department of Applied Physics Graduate School of Engineering The University of Tokyo Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-8656 Japan

Quantum simulation is one of the key applications of quantum computing, which accelerates research and development in the fields such as chemistry and material science. The recent development of noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) devices urges the exploration of applications without the necessity of quantum error correction. In this paper, we propose an efficient method to simulate quantum dynamics driven by a static Hamiltonian on NISQ devices, named subspace variational quantum simulator (SVQS). SVQS employs the subspace-search variational quantum eigensolver (SSVQE) [Phys. Rev. Res. 1, 033062 (2019)] to find a low-lying eigensubspace and extends it to simulate dynamics within the subspace with lower overhead compared to the existing schemes. We experimentally simulate the time-evolution operator in a low-lying eigensubspace of a hydrogen molecule. We also define the subspace process fidelity as a measure between two quantum processes in a subspace. The subspace time evolution mimicked by SVQS shows the subspace process fidelity of 0.896–0.989.

关键词： Quantum algorithms Quantum algorithms for chemical calculations Quantum computation Quantum control Quantum gates Quantum simulation Quantum tomography

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Extracting hierarchical relationships of aspects from reviews

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Applied Soft computing 2025年 178卷

作者： Jiangtao Qiu Ling Lin Siyu Wang Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Intelligent Applications of Financial Big Data Chongqing Institute of Engineering Chongqing China School of Computing and Artificial Intelligence Southwestern University of Finance and Economics Chengdu China College of Artificial Intelligence (CUIT Shuangliu Industrial College) Chengdu University of Information Technology Chengdu China Gusu Laboratory of Materials Suzhou China

Aspect Based Sentiment Analysis (ABSA) attracts significant attention in recent years. Three elements of ABSA including aspect term, aspect, and domain (or entity) present a hierarchical relationships in e-commerce reviews. Extracting the hierarchical relationships can significantly enhance various applications, such as creating user profiles, identifying hierarchical topics, and visualizing review data. In this study, we proposed a framework to tackle this task, consisting of two primary components: a text adversarial autoencoder that efficiently encodes review content, and a deep network that extracts the clusters of aspect terms from review dataset and organizes them to a hierarchical structure using the Student-Teacher paradigm. Our framework also addresses the challenge of acquiring labeled training data by utilizing self-supervised learning. We evaluated the proposed framework on three public datasets and observed that it outperforms baseline models, indicating the feasibility and effectiveness of our approach.

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A resilient generative model in few-shot question answering

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Knowledge-Based Systems 2025年 323卷

作者： Zou, Anqi Chen, Yanping Huang, Ruizhang Qin, Yongbin Engineering Research Center of Text Computing & Cognitive Intelligence Ministry of Education Guizhou University Guiyang Guizhou550025 China State Key Laboratory of Public Big Data Guizhou University Guiyang Guizhou550025 China College of Computer Science and Technology Guizhou University Guiyang550025 China

In few-shot question answering (QA), only a limited number of training cases are available to tune pre-trained language models (PLMs) for fitting to the task objective. Because a PLM often contains a large number of parameters optimized by a pretraining objective, it is difficult to bridge the gap between the two optimization objectives with a few training cases, which leads to the overfitting problem. Furthermore, in the decoding process of a generative model, sometimes rebuilding an answer to a question is more challenging than directly choosing from an input, because the ability to rebuild requires more informative knowledge and may generate hallucinatory outputs. Motivated by the above discussions, we propose a resilient deep model to support the few-shot question answering tasks. Instead of ambitiously optimizing a full generative model with a few training cases, the resilient model contains a partial learning module and an answer choosing module to reduce the problems caused by a lack of training cases. This has the advantage to enhance the few-shot learning in question answering. Our method was evaluated using several few-shot QA public evaluation datasets. It achieves a state-of-the-art performance, considerably outperforming related works. © 2025 Elsevier B.V.

关键词： Answer choosing Few-shot question answering Overfitting Partial learning The resilient model

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Predicting Large-scale Protein-protein Interactions by Extracting Coevolutionary Patterns with MapReduce Paradigm

Predicting Large-scale Protein-protein Interactions by Extra...

引用

IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man and Cybernetics

作者： Lun Hu Bo-Wei Zhao Shicheng Yang Xin Luo MengChu Zhou Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Urumqi China School of Computer Science and Technology Wuhan University of Technology Wuhan China Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Big Data Application for Smart Cities and Chongqing Key Laboratory of Big Data and Intelligent Computing Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences Chongqing China Hengrui (Chongqing) Artificial Intelligence Research Center Cloudwalk China New Jersey Institute of Technology Newark NJ USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781665442084

Protein-protein interactions are of great significance for us to understand the functional mechanisms of proteins. With the rapid development of high-throughput genomic technology, the amount of protein-protein interaction data has become so big that most of existing prediction algorithms are no longer applicable. To address this problem, we develop a distributed framework by reimplementing one of state-of-the-art algorithms, i.e., CoFex, by using MapReduce. In particular, we adopt a novel tree-based data structure to reduce the heavy memory consumption cased by the huge sequence information of proteins. After that, the procedure of CoFex is modified by following the paradigm of MapReduce such that the prediction task can be completed in a distributed manner, thus fulfilling the demanding requirements of large-scale protein-protein interaction prediction. A series of experiments have been conducted to evaluate the performance of the proposed distributed framework in terms of both efficiency and effectiveness. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed framework can considerably improve the efficiency of CoFex by achieving more than two-orders-of-magnitude improvement in computational efficiency while retaining a comparable level of accuracy.

关键词： Proteins Memory management Genomics Predictive models Prediction algorithms data structures Computational efficiency

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Improved Fitness Dependent Optimizer for Solving Economic Load Dispatch Problem

arXiv

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arXiv 2022年

作者： Tahir, Barzan Hussein Rashid, Tarik A. Rauf, Hafiz Tayyab Bacanin, Nebojsa Chhabra, Amit Vimal, S. Yaseen, Zaher Mundher Department of Computer Science and Engineering University of Kurdistan Helwer Erbil Iraq Centre for Smart Systems AI and Cybersecurity Staffordshire University Stoke-on-Trent United Kingdom Singidunum University Danijelova 32 Belgrade11000 Serbia Department of Computer Engineering and Technology Guru Nanak Dev University Amritsar India Department of Artificial Intelligence and Data Science Ramco Institute of Technology North Venganallur Village Virudhunagar District Tamilnadu Rajapalayam626 117 India Department of Earth Sciences and Environment Faculty of Science and Technology Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Selangor Bangi43600 Malaysia USQ's Advanced Data Analytics Research Group School of Mathematics Physics and Computing University of Southern Queensland QLD4350 Australia New era and Development in Civil Engineering Research Group Scientific Research Center Al-Ayen University Thi-Qar64001 Iraq

Economic Load Dispatch depicts a fundamental role in the operation of power systems, as it decreases the environmental load, minimizes the operating cost, and preserves energy resources. The optimal solution to Economic Load Dispatch problems and various constraints can be obtained by evolving several evolutionary and swarm-based algorithms. The major drawback to swarm-based algorithms is premature convergence towards an optimal solution. Fitness Dependent Optimizer is a novel optimization algorithm stimulated by the decision-making and reproductive process of bee swarming. Fitness Dependent Optimizer (FDO) examines the search spaces based on the searching approach of Particle Swarm Optimization. To calculate the pace, the fitness function is utilized to generate weights that direct the search agents in the phases of exploitation and exploration. In this research, the authors have carried out Fitness Dependent Optimizer to solve the Economic Load Dispatch problem by reducing fuel cost, emission allocation, and transmission loss. Moreover, the authors have enhanced a novel variant of Fitness Dependent Optimizer, which incorporates novel population initialization techniques and dynamically employed sine maps to select the weight factor for Fitness Dependent Optimizer. The enhanced population initialization approach incorporates a quasi-random Sabol sequence to generate the initial solution in the multi-dimensional search space. A standard 24-unit system is employed for experimental evaluation with different power demands. Empirical results obtained using the enhanced variant of the Fitness Dependent Optimizer demonstrate superior performance in terms of low transmission loss, low fuel cost, and low emission allocation compared to the conventional Fitness Dependent Optimizer. The experimental study obtained 7.94E-12, the lowest transmission loss using the enhanced Fitness Dependent Optimizer. Correspondingly, various standard estimations are used to prove the stability

关键词： Decision making

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EXPLAINABLE ARTIFICIAL intelligence (XAI) 2.0: A MANIFESTO OF OPEN CHALLENGES AND INTERDISCIPLINARY research DIRECTIONS

arXiv

引用

arXiv 2023年

作者： Longo, Luca Brcic, Mario Cabitza, Federico Choi, Jaesik Confalonieri, Roberto Ser, Javier Del Guidotti, Riccardo Hayashi, Yoichi Herrera, Francisco Holzinger, Andreas Jiang, Richard Khosravi, Hassan Lecue, Freddy Malgieri, Gianclaudio Páez, Andrés Samek, Wojciech Schneider, Johannes Speith, Timo Stumpf, Simone The Artificial Intelligence and Cognitive Load Research Lab Technological University Dublin Ireland University of Zagreb Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computing Croatia University of Milano-Bicocca Milan Italy IRCCS Ospedale Galeazzi Sant’Ambrogio Milan Italy Kim Jaechul Graduate School of AI Korea Advanced Institute of Science & Technology Korea Republic of INEEJI Corporation Korea Republic of Department of Mathematics University of Padua Italy Derio Spain Bilbao Spain University of Pisa Pisa Italy Department of Computer Science Meiji University Tokyo Japan Department of Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence DaSCI Andalusian Institute in Data Science & Computational Intelligence University of Granada Granada Spain Human-Centered AI Lab University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna Austria School of Computing and Communications Lancaster University United Kingdom The University of Queensland Brisbane Australia Sophia Antipolis France eLaw Center for Law and Digital Technologies Leiden University Netherlands Department of Philosophy Universidad de los Andes Bogotá Colombia Center for Research & Formation in Artificial Intelligence Universidad de los Andes Bogotá Colombia Technical University of Berlin Berlin Germany Fraunhofer Heinrich Hertz Institute Berlin Germany Berlin Germany Department of Information Systems and Computer Science University of Liechtenstein Liechtenstein Liechtenstein Department of Philosophy University of Bayreuth Bayreuth Germany Center for Perspicuous Computing Saarland University Saarbrücken Germany School of Computing Science University of Glasgow United Kingdom

As systems based on opaque Artificial intelligence (AI) continue to flourish in diverse real-world applications, understanding these black box models has become paramount. In response, Explainable AI (XAI) has emerged as a field of research with practical and ethical benefits across various domains. This paper not only highlights the advancements in XAI and its application in real-world scenarios but also addresses the ongoing challenges within XAI, emphasizing the need for broader perspectives and collaborative efforts. We bring together experts from diverse fields to identify open problems, striving to synchronize research agendas and accelerate XAI in practical applications. By fostering collaborative discussion and interdisciplinary cooperation, we aim to propel XAI forward, contributing to its continued success. Our goal is to put forward a comprehensive proposal for advancing XAI. To achieve this goal, we present a manifesto of 27 open problems categorized into nine categories. These challenges encapsulate the complexities and nuances of XAI and offer a road map for future research. For each problem, we provide promising research directions in the hope of harnessing the collective intelligence of interested stakeholders. © 2023, CC BY-SA.

关键词： Ethical technology

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Progressive Dual Priori Network for Generalized Breast Tumor Segmentation

arXiv

引用

arXiv 2023年

作者： Wang, Li Wang, Lihui Kuai, Zixiang Tang, Lei Ou, Yingfeng Ye, Chen Zhu, Yuemin Wu, Min Shi, Tianliang Engineering Research Center of Text Computing & Cognitive Intelligence Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Intelligent Medical Image Analysis and Precise Diagnosis of Guizhou Province State Key Laboratory of Public Big Data College of Computer Science and Technology Guizhou University Guiyang550025 China Imaging Center Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital Harbin150081 China Radiology Department Guizhou Provincial People’s Hospital Guiyang550002 China Radiology Department Tongren People’s Hospital Tongren554300 China Univ Lyon INSA Lyon CNRS Inserm CREATIS UMR 5220 U1206 LyonF-69621 France

To promote the generalization ability of breast tumor segmentation models, as well as to improve the segmentation performance for breast tumors with smaller size, low-contrast and irregular shape, we propose a progressive dual priori network (PDPNet) to segment breast tumors from dynamic enhanced magnetic resonance images (DCE-MRI) acquired at different centers. The PDPNet first cropped tumor regions with a coarse-segmentation based localization module, then the breast tumor mask was progressively refined by using the weak semantic priori and cross-scale correlation prior knowledge. To validate the effectiveness of PDPNet, we compared it with several state-of-the-art methods on multi-center datasets. The results showed that, comparing against the suboptimal method, the DSC and HD95 of PDPNet were improved at least by 5.13% and 7.58% respectively on multi-center test sets. In addition, through ablations, we demonstrated that the proposed localization module can decrease the influence of normal tissues and therefore improve the generalization ability of the model. The weak semantic priors allow focusing on tumor regions to avoid missing small tumors and low-contrast tumors. The cross-scale correlation priors are beneficial for promoting the shape-aware ability for irregular tumors. Thus integrating them in a unified framework improved the multicenter breast tumor segmentation performance. The source code and open data can be accessed at https://github. com/wangli100209/PDPNet. Copyright © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Magnetic resonance

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Hybrid feature selection to identify important single nucleotide polymorphism for asthma classification

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AIP Conference Proceedings 2024年第1期2991卷

作者： Wan Ni Wong Weng Howe Chan Hui Wen Nies Kauthar Mohd Daud Artificial Intelligence and Bioinformatics Group School of Computing Faculty of Engineering Universiti Teknologi Malaysia 81310 Skudai Johor Malaysia UTM Big Data Centre Ibnu Sina Institute for Scientific and Industrial Research Universiti Teknologi Malaysia 81310 Skudai Johor Malaysia Center for Artificial Intelligence Technology Faculty of Information Science & Technology Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia 43600 UKM Bangi Selangor Malaysia

Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), being the most common genetic variation, is found to be responsible for traits and complex diseases such as asthma. Polygenic risk scoring (PRS) and machine learning (ML) are the current two common types of genetic risk prediction models. PRS employs statistical association testing to identify alleles with risk. However, it was found not performing well in unraveling the SNP-SNP interactions and attaining low predictive value. In contrast, ML algorithms are more robust in detecting disease associated SNPs, resulting in an improvement in prediction performance. The challenge remains as the high dimensionality nature of SNP tends to cause overfitting problems and impact the classifier performance. This paper introduces a two-stage hybrid feature selection that integrates Mutual Information and Random Forest Recursive Feature Elimination for identifying informative SNPs from 176,287 SNPs in a dataset of 128 asthmatic and non-asthmatic samples. The reduced samples based on the identified informative SNPs are then used with Support Vector Machine to train a classification model. The model from this paper outperforms other ML models with an average accuracy, precision, recall and area under the curve of 98.91%, 98.36%, 99.72% and 0.99 respectively. Additional analysis shows that the genes associated with the top selected SNPs, namely Ring Finger Protein 217 (RNF217) and A-kinase-anchoring protein 6 (AKAP6) are correlated with respiratory diseases. This shows that the proposed method can identify important SNPs that are able to differentiate between asthmatic and non-asthmatic samples.

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ChatAug: Leveraging ChatGPT for Text data Augmentation

arXiv

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arXiv 2023年

作者： Dai, Haixing Liu, Zhengliang Liao, Wenxiong Huang, Xiaoke Wu, Zihao Zhao, Lin Liu, Wei Liu, Ninghao Li, Sheng Zhu, Dajiang Cai, Hongmin Li, Quanzheng Shen, Dinggang Liu, Tianming Li, Xiang The School of Computing University of Georgia AthensGA United States The School of Computer Science and Engineering South China University of Technology China The Department of Radiation Oncology Mayo Clinic PhoenixAZ United States The School of Data Science University of Virginia CharlottesvilleVA United States The Department of Computer Science and Engineering The University of Texas at Arlington ArlingtonTX United States The Department of Radiology Massachusetts General Hospital Harvard Medical School BostonMA United States School of Biomedical Engineering ShanghaiTech University Shanghai201210 China Shanghai United Imaging Intelligence Co. Ltd. Shanghai200230 China Shanghai Clinical Research and Trial Center Shanghai201210 China

Text data augmentation is an effective strategy for overcoming the challenge of limited sample sizes in many natural language processing (NLP) tasks. This challenge is especially prominent in the few-shot learning scenario, where the data in the target domain is generally much scarcer and of lowered quality. A natural and widely-used strategy to mitigate such challenges is to perform data augmentation on the training data to better capture the data invariance and increase the sample size. However, current text data augmentation methods either can not ensure the correct labeling of the generated data (lacking faithfulness) or can not ensure sufficient diversity in the generated data (lacking completeness), or both. Inspired by the recent success of large language models, especially the development of ChatGPT, which demonstrated improved language comprehension abilities, in this work, we propose a text data augmentation approach based on ChatGPT (named ChatAug). ChatGPT is trained on data with unparalleled linguistic richness and employs a reinforcement training process with large-scale human feedback, which endows the model with affinity to the naturalness of human language. Our text data augmentation approach ChatAug rephrases each sentence in the training samples into multiple conceptually similar but semantically different samples. The augmented samples can then be used in downstream model training. Experiment results on few-shot learning text classification tasks show the superior performance of the proposed ChatAug approach over state-of-the-art text data augmentation methods in terms of testing accuracy and distribution of the augmented samples. © 2023, CC BY.

关键词： Classification (of information)

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