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Southern Resident killer whale acoustic monitoring and noise measurements to inform noise mitigation and potential management strategies

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The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 2021年第4_SUPPLEMENT期150卷 A252-A252页

作者： Jason Wood Kaitlin Palmer Krista Trounce Tina M. Yack Frances Robertson Harald Yurk SMRU Consulting SMRU Consulting PO Box 764 Friday Harbor WA 98250 jw@*** SMRU Consulting Vancouver BC Canada ECHO Program Vancouver BC Canada EcoSound Bioacoustics Santee CA Environ. Stewardship & Marine Resources Committee San Juan County Friday Harbor WA Ecosystem Sci. Div. Fisheries and Oceans Canada Vancouver BC Canada

SMRU Consulting, in collaboration with the ECHO program, the San Juan County MRC and DFO, has been monitoring Salish Sea underwater soundscapes for the presence of Southern Resident killer whales (SRKW), to measure ambient noise levels, evaluate the efficacy of noise mitigation measures and inform potential management strategies. This talk will highlight results from four projects across the years 2019–2021. This includes measurements from a cabled observatory at Lime Kiln Point State Park in support of the ECHO program’s Haro Strait commercial vessel slowdowns; measurements from autonomous recorders at five locations in Burrard Inlet for the ECHO program and the Tsleil-Waututh Nation to monitor trends in ambient noise and marine mammal presence; measurements from Coastal Acoustic Buoys at eight locations south of San Juan Island in support of San Juan County’s management efforts, and a Coastal Acoustic Buoy for Offshore Wind deployment near Point Roberts to allow DFO to evaluate acoustic technology. This talk will discuss the pros and cons of these four different acoustic systems and highlight trends in the data that may help inform mitigation and management strategies.

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Detection probability of Cuvier’s beaked whale clicks from a glider and a deep-water float

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The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 2018年第3_SUPPLEMENT期144卷 1849-1849页

作者： Selene Fregosi Danielle Harris David K. Mellinger Jay Barlow Len Thomas Holger Klinck Cooperative Inst. for Marine Resources Studies Oregon State Univ. Hatfield Marine Sci. Ctr. 2030 SE Marine Sci. Dr. Newport OR 97365 selene.fregosi@oregonstate.edu Ctr. for Res. into Ecological and Environ. Modelling Univ. of St. Andrews St. Andrews United Kingdom Cooperative Inst. for Marine Resources Studies Oregon State Univ. Newport OR Marine Mammal and Turtle Div. Southwest Fisheries Sci. Ctr. NOAA La Jolla CA Ctr. for Res. into Ecological and Environ. Modelling Univ. of St. Andrews St Andrews United Kingdom BioAcoust. Res. Program Cornell Lab of Ornithology Cornell Univ. Ithica NY

Work is being conducted to estimate marine mammal density and abundance from slow-moving, passive acoustically equipped underwater gliders and deep-water floats. We deployed five drifting acoustic spar buoy recorders (DASBRs) simultaneously with a seaglider and QUEphone float in the Catalina Basin of Southern California in 2016 to estimate the probability of detecting Cuvier’s beaked whale echolocation clicks from the glider and float. The DASBRs successfully localized and tracked individual whales, though a limited number of encounters prohibited estimation of detection probability through a trial-based method. We explored using a spatially explicit capture recapture (SECR) approach. The SECR analysis was modified to account for the non-static array and we explored sample size requirements for SECR using simulations. During tracked dives, over 200 one-minute time bins contained echolocation clicks on at least one DASBR. Of these, 10 and 34 bins contained clicks recorded on the glider and float, respectively, and were used to make preliminary estimates of detection probability as a function of range. Detection probability estimation is a key step towards animal density estimation; other information such as encounter rate and click production rates are required to estimate animal density, which will form the next part of this work.

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Evaluating autonomous underwater vehicles as platforms for animal population density estimation

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The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 2017年第5_SUPPLEMENT期141卷 3606-3606页

作者： Danielle Harris Selene Fregosi Holger Klinck David K. Mellinger Jay Barlow Len Thomas Ctr. for Res. into Ecological and Environ. Modelling Univ. of St. Andrews The Observatory Buchanan Gardens St. Andrews KY16 9LZ United Kingdom dh17@st-andrews.ac.uk Cooperative Inst. for Marine Resources Studies Oregon State Univ. and NOAA Pacific Marine Environ. Lab. Newport OR BioAcoust. Res. Program Cornell Lab of Ornithology Cornell Univ. Ithaca NY Marine Mammal and Turtle Div. NOAA Southwest Fisheries Sci. Ctr. La Jolla CA Ctr. for Res. into Ecological and Environ. Modelling Univ. of St. Andrews St. Andrews United Kingdom

AFFOGATO (A Framework For Ocean Glider-based Acoustic density estimation) is a multi-year project (2015—2018) funded by the Office of Naval Research. Its main goal is to investigate the utility of slow-moving marine vehicles, particularly ocean gliders and profiling floats, for animal density or abundance estimation, using the passive acoustic data that these vehicles can collect. In this presentation, we will (1) provide a project overview and (2) share results from the initial stages of the project. As part of one task, existing deployments in the Gulf of Alaska, Hawaii, and the Mariana Islands have been used to investigate the capability of gliders to adhere to planned survey tracks. Simulations were also conducted to assess whether realized glider survey track lines could produce unbiased density estimates using two hypothetical animal distributions and assuming so-called design-based analysis methods (the standard, and also simplest, approach). Five deployments were assessed and deviances of up to 20 km from the planned survey track line were found. Under the specific simulated conditions, density estimates showed biases up to 9%. Next stages of the project will also be discussed, including ongoing work to estimate the probability of detecting different cetacean species using AUVs.

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Transmission beam characteristics of a spinner dolphin (Stenella longirostris)

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The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 2016年第4_SUPPLEMENT期140卷 3131-3132页

作者： Adam B. Smith Aude F. Pacini Paul E. Nachtigall Leo Suarez Lem Aragonez Carlo Magno Gail Laule Laura N. Kloepper Marine Mammal Res. Program Hawaii Inst. of Marine Biology 1933 Iwi Way Honolulu HI 96816 adambsmi@hawaii.edu Marine Mammal Res. Program Hawaii Inst. of Marine Biology Kailua HI Philippines Marine Mammal Stranding Network Subic Bay Philippines Inst. of Environ. Sci. and Meteorol. Univ. of the Philippines Subic Bay Philippines Ocean Adventure Subic Bay Philippines Biology St. Mary's College South Bend IN

Transmission beam characteristics have been described in a small number of odontocete species, providing insight into the biological and ecological factors that have influenced the design of the outgoing echolocation beam. The current study measured the on-axis spectral characteristics and transmission beam pattern of echolocation clicks from a small oceanic delphinid, the spinner dolphin (Stenella longirostis). A formerly stranded individual was rehabilitated in captivity and trained to station underwater in front of a 16 element hydrophone array. Preliminary analysis of a subset of recorded clicks showed on-axis spectral characteristics with a mean center frequency of 68 kHz and a mean peak frequency of 52 kHz. The dolphin exhibited both a circular beam shape and also varying degrees of a dorso-ventrally compressed transmission beam. The mean angular beamwidth for all clicks was 16.6 and 14.3 degrees in the horizontal and vertical planes, respectively, though some clicks exhibited horizontal beamwidths that were almost twice as wide as the vertical beamwidth. The overall beam was generally broader than the beams of previously described species, with a mean directivity index for all clicks of 21.5 dB. These results are the first reports of transmission beam characteristics from a spinner dolphin.

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A first look at the Ocean Noise Reference Station Network: The soundscape of Stellwagen Bank National Marine Sanctuary

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The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 2016年第4_SUPPLEMENT期140卷 3300-3300页

作者： Samara M. Haver Holger Klinck Sofie Van Parijs Haruyoshi Matsumato Robert P. Dziak Jason Gedamke Leila T. Hatch Cooperative Inst. for Marine Resources Studies Oregon State Univ. and NOAA Pacific Marine Environ. Lab. 2030 SE Marine Sci. Dr. Newport OR 97365 samara.haver@oregonstate.edu BioAcoust. Res. Program Cornell Lab of Ornithology Cornell Univ. Ithaca NY NOAA Northeast Fisheries Sci. Ctr. Woods Hole MA NOAA Pacific Marine Environ. Lab. Newport OR Office of Sci. and Technol. NOAA Fisheries Silver Spring MD Gerry E. Studds Stellwagen Bank National Marine Sanctuary NOAA Office of National Marine Sanctuaries Scituate MA

In order to compare long-term changes and trends in soundscapes around the United States, a multi-year network of identical autonomous passive acoustic recording systems, the Ocean Noise Reference Station (NRS) Network, has been established. In partnership with the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research, NOAA Pacific Marine environ.ental Laboratory, NOAA National Marine Fisheries Service, NOAA Office of National Marine Sanctuaries, and the National Park Service, hydrophone moorings were deployed in 12 discrete soundscapes in the Northeast Pacific and Northwest Atlantic oceans to record underwater ambient sound levels in the 10 to 2200 Hz frequency range. This initial analysis utilized the first year of available data from the NRS deployed in Stellwagen Bank National Marine Sanctuary (SBNMS), a busy area for both natural and anthropogenic activity. Preliminary results indicate that: (1) broadband (10-2200 Hz) ambient sound levels at SBNMS are stable year round in association with constant vessel activity in the nearby shipping lane to Boston, MA, (2) surface wind speed is positively correlated with broadband noise levels, (3) intensity of low-frequency baleen whale calling activity varies seasonally, but signals are acoustically detectable year-round. Future analyses will compare the soundscapes of all 12 NRS sites.

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Simultaneous recordings of marine mammal calls by a glider, float, and cabled hydrophone array

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The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 2016年第4_SUPPLEMENT期140卷 3181-3181页

作者： Selene Fregosi Holger Klinck Haru Matsumoto Alex Turpin Stephen W. Martin Brian M. Matsuyama Tyler A. Helble E. Elizabeth Henderson David J. Moretti Ronald P. Morrissey David K. Mellinger Cooperative Inst. for Marine Resources Studies Oregon State Univ. and NOAA Pacific Marine Environ. Lab. Hatfield Marine Sci. Ctr. 2030 SE Marine Sci. Dr. Newport OR 97365 selene.fregosi@oregonstate.edu BioAcoust. Res. Program Cornell Lab. of Ornithology Cornell Univ. Ithaca NY Cooperative Inst. for Marine Resources Studies Oregon State Univ. and NOAA Pacific Marine Environ. Lab. Newport OR National Marine Mammal Foundation San Diego CA Navy Marine Mammal Program SPAWAR Systems Ctr. Pacific San Diego CA Naval Undersea Warfare Ctr. Newport RI

Recent advances in passive acoustic monitoring (PAM) technologies have led to development of mobile autonomous platforms for recording marine mammals. These instruments may allow greater spatial and temporal sampling than traditional towed or bottom moored systems. However, comparison of recording abilities of these instruments to traditional methods has yet to be performed. We deployed two types of commercially available platforms at the Southern California Offshore Range (SCORE) complex in late December 2015 through early January 2016. The QUEphone, based on the APEX float (Teledyne Webb Research, Falmouth, MA, USA), is a buoyancy driven device capable of descending to 2000 m where it drifts horizontally with the currents. The Seaglider (Kongsberg Underwater Technology, Lynwood, WA, USA) is also buoyancy driven, but dives repeatedly up to 1000 m following a flight path controlled via satellite. We deployed one glider and two floats, each equipped with identical acoustic sensors developed by Oregon State University, sampling at 125 kHz. Each instrument recorded 250-300 hours of data over 13 days. Marine mammal detections included beaked whales, Risso’s dolphins, and fin, blue, and humpback whales. We utilized known marine mammal locations derived from the SCORE hydrophone array to compare PAM capabilities of these novel mobile platforms.

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Experimental results of a fast Fourier transform‐based motion compensation of synthetic aperture sonar

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The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 2006年第5_SUPPLEMENT期120卷 3049-3049页

作者： Takao Sawa Taro Aoki Jyunichirou Tahara Tomoo Kamakura Ryouji Suzuki Hitoshi Yamaguchi Adv. Marine Technol. Program JAMSTEC 2‐15 Natsuhima Yokosuka Kanagawa 2370061 Japan Dept. of Elec. Eng. UEC Nagasaki Prefectural Inst. of Public Health and Environ. Sci.

Synthetic aperture and its motion compensation technique became available in sonar systems owing to dramatic developments of computer performance. A bottom observation test with synthetic aperture sonar was carried out at the gulf of Katagami in November 2005. The sonar on a tow‐fish had detected a bottom and floats at the test. Accelerations and angular velocities of the sonar system had been recorded with external sensors on the tow‐fish, too. A relative position and attitude of sonar were calculated from recorded motion data, and a new motion compensation method based on FFT was applied to the synthetic aperture sonar algorithm. In this report, details and capacity of this new method are shown through these experimental results. Sonar images with this new compensation were better than a conventional compensation that uses full bandwidth of motion frequency. Moreover, images were improved by adjusting bandwidth. The authors would like to thank Takeshi Hamazone, a captain of the mother ship, for his maneuvering the ship even in bad weather.

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Verification of a numerical model for reinforced soil segmental retaining walls

Verification of a numerical model for reinforced soil segmen...

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Geo-Frontiers 2005

作者： Hatami, K. Bathurst, R.J. Sch. of Civ. Eng. and Environ. Sci. University of Oklahoma Norman OK 73019 United States GeoEngineering Centre at Queen's-RMC Department of Civil Engineering Royal Military College of Canada Kingston Ont. K7K 7B4

A numerical model has been developed using the program FLAC to simulate the response of geosynthetic reinforced soil retaining walls constructed with a modular concrete block (segmental) facing. The model has been verified by comparing numerical results with physical measurements taken from three full-scale (i.e. 3.6 m-high) reinforced soil walls that were constructed in a controlled in-door test facility. The walls had different reinforcement configurations, but were otherwise identical. The predicted responses for all three walls with respect to facing displacements, footing loads, foundation contact pressure and reinforcement strains were in satisfactory agreement with the measured data. The numerical model provides a validated tool that can be used to extend the database of full-scale experimental wall test results through parametric analyses that investigate the influence of wall type, geometry, component properties and other field conditions on wall performance during and at the end of construction.

关键词： Retaining walls

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The private demand for an AIDS vaccine in Thailand

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Health Policy 2005年第3期71卷 271-287页

作者： Suraratdecha, Chutima Ainsworth, Martha Tangcharoensathien, Viroj Whittington, Dale International Health Policy Program Ministry of Public Health Nonthaburi Tiwanon Rd. Thailand World Bank Washington DC 1818 H St. N.W. United States Dept. of Environ. Sci. and Eng. City and Reg. Plan. and Pub. Policy Univ. of NC at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill NC United States Intl. AIDS Vaccine Initiative New York NY 10038 110 William St. United States

A contingent valuation survey of Thai adults revealed that private demand for a hypothetical AIDS vaccine that is safe, has no side effects, and lasts 10 years, rises with income, the lifetime risk of HIV infection and vaccine efficacy, and declines with vaccine price and respondent's age. Demand for both high (95%) and low (50%) efficacy AIDS vaccines is substantial. Nearly 80% of adults would agree to be vaccinated with a free vaccine. Government will have an important role to ensure that those at highest risk of HIV infection with low incomes have access to the vaccine and to reinforce other safe preventive behavior to prevent reductions in condom use. © 2004 Chutima Suraratdecha. Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： AIDS AIDS vaccine Demand Prevention Risk behavior Willingness to pay

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Application of Toxicogenomics to Toxicology: Basic Concepts in the Analysis of Microarray Data

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Toxicologic Pathology 2004年第SUPPL. 1期32卷 72-83页

作者： Irwin, Richard D. Boorman, Gary A. Cunningham, Michael L. Heinloth, Alexandra N. Malarkey, David E. Paules, Richard S. Environmental Toxicology Program Natl. Inst. of Environ. Hlth. Sci. Research Triangle Park NC United States National Center for Toxicogenomics Natl. Inst. of Environ. Hlth. Sci. Research Triangle Park NC United States Environmental Toxicology Program Natl. Inst. of Environ. Hlth. Sci. Research Triangle Park NC 27709 P.O. Box 12233 United States

Toxicology and the practice of pathology are rapidly evolving in the postgenomic era. Observable treatment related changes have been the hallmark of toxicology studies. Toxicogenomics is a powerful new tool that may show gene and protein changes earlier and at treatment levels below the limits of detection of traditional measures of toxicity. It may also aid in the understanding of toxic mechanisms. It is important to remember that it is only a tool and will provide meaningful results only when properly applied. As is often the case with new experimental tools, the initial utilization is driven more by the technology than application to problem solving. Toxicogenomics is interdisci.linary in nature including at a minimum, pathology, toxicology, and genomics. Most studies will require the input from the disci.lines of toxicology, pathology, molecular biology, bioinformatics, biochemistry, and others depending on the types of questions being asked.

关键词： Acetaminophen Differential gene expression Hepatic necrosis Hepatocytes Liver Microarrays Pathology Toxicogenomics Toxicology

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