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Fishery management and culling (multiple letters)

sci.nce 2004年第5703期306卷 1891-1892页

作者： Corkeron, Peter J. Pikitch, Ellen K. Santora, Christine Babcock, Elizabeth Bakun, Andrew Bonfil, Ramon Conover, David Dayton, Paul Doukakis, Phaedra Fluharty, David Heneman, Burr Houde, Ed Livingston, Pat Mangel, Marc McAllister, Murdoch Pope, John Salnsbury, Keith Norwegian Inst. of Marine Research Pb 6404 N-9294 Tromsø Norway Pew Institute for Ocean Science Rosenstiel Sch. Mar. Atmosph. Sci. University of Miami 126 East 56th Street New York NY 10022 United States Pew Institute for Ocean Science RSMAS University of Miami 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway Miami FL 33149-1098 United States RSMAS University of Miami Miami FL 33149-1098 United States Wildlife Conservation Society 2300 Southern Boulevard Bronx NY 10460 United States Marine Sciences Research Center Stony Brook University Stony Brook NY 11794-5000 United States Scripps Institution of Oceanography San Diego CA 92093-0227 United States School of Marine Affairs University of Washington Seattle WA 98105 United States Commonweal Ocean Policy Program Bolinas CA 94924 United States University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science Chesapeake Biological Laboratory Solomons MD 20688 United States Alaska Fisheries Science Center Seattle WA 98115 United States Dept. of Appl. Math. and Statistics Jack Baskin School of Engineering University of California Santa Cruz CA 95064 United States Dept. of Environ. Sci. and Technol. Imperial College Royal School of Mines Building Prince Consort Road London SW7 2BP United Kingdom National Research Council Ltd. Norfolk NR34 OBT United Kingdom Division of Marine Research CSIRO Hobart Tasmania 7001 Australia

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Incorporating "real-world experiences" into undergraduate environ.ental engineering design projects: Design of small-scale water purification units

Incorporating "real-world experiences" into undergraduate en...

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2003 ASEE Annual Conference and Exposition: Staying in Tune with engineering Education

作者： Starke, J.A. Butkus, M.A. Kelley, M.B. Talbot, M. United States Military Academy Department of Geography Engineering United States Military Academy West Point NY 10996 Environmental Engineering Program United States Military Academy Environ. Sci./Environ. Eng. Prog. United States Military Academy

The complete design process includes identifying a need or problem, recognizing constraints, identifying and developing courses of action, testing potential courses of action, selecting optimum courses of action, preparing the documents required for the design, managing the overall process, communicating the design, construction and testing. By linking design projects in our introductory physicochemical treatment processes course (taken by second semester juniors) and our senior capstone design course (taken by second semester seniors), we have addressed these design considerations. We require our cadet students to communicate with their customers, an illustrator and tradesmen;these are three forms of communications that are quite different from the traditional student-professor exchanges. Also, students must design under constraints, not because of the closed nature of the project but rather because of "real world" resource constraints: time to complete the project, a limited budget to purchase materials and labor, availability of materials, ease of construction, and balancing competing projects (in other courses). The first attempt at implementing this engineering design learning model occurred during the spring of 2001. Subsequently, we have incorporated an Army funded project into the design portion of these courses. The project is focused on the design of a small-scale, multi-barrier, water treatment device to be carried by the individual soldier. An overview of how this research project has been implemented into this multiphase learning model and lessons learned will be presented.

关键词： engineering education

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Isolation and identification of thiocyanate utilizing chemolithotrophs from gold mine soils

Isolation and identification of thiocyanate utilizing chemol...

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作者： Lee, Changsoo Kim, Jaai Chang, Jinsoo Hwang, Seokhwan Sch. of Environ. Sci./Engineering Pohang Univ. of Sci. and Technology San 31 Hyojadong Nam-gu Pohang Kyungbuk 790-784 Korea Republic of

A mixed bacterial culture capable of growing in potassium-thiocyanate containing medium (200 mg KSCN) has been isolated from bacterial suspensions of soil samples collected near gold mines in Kumjung (Korea). The isolates were initially characterized by metabolic profile analysis and were identified as Bacillus thermoglucosidasius, Bacillus cereus, Bacillus licheniformis, Bacillus mycoides, Brevibacterium epidermidis, Brevibacterium otitidis, and Corynebacterium nitrilophilus. One of the seven isolates was initially characterized as Brevibacterium epidermidis, which is not known to degrade thiocyanate. However, using 16S rDNA sequencing, this strain was identified as a member of Klebsiella. The strain shows high similarity values (95.8 to 96.4%) with Klebsiella species, and the closest known relative was found to be K. ornithinolytica ATCC 31898. The result indicates that species of the genus Klebsiella were the closest phylogenetic relatives of the investigated strain. This is the first known report of a member of Klebsiella that is capable of utilizing thiocyanate as sole source of carbon and nitrogen.

关键词： Biodegradation

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The sooner city project: A 5-year update

The sooner city project: A 5-year update

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2003 ASEE Annual Conference and Exposition: Staying in Tune with engineering Education

作者： Ahern, Carolyn C. Fink, L.D. Muraleetharan, K.K. Kolar, R.L. University of Oklahoma Norman OK 73019 Ahern and Associates Instructional Development Program University of Oklahoma Sch. of Civ. Eng. and Environ. Sci. University of Oklahoma Environmental Modeling GIS Lab. Environ. and Groundwater Institute

The Sooner City project at the University of Oklahoma (OU) seeks to reform the traditional civil engineering curriculum by including design projects at every level of the curriculum, not simply as a senior capstone project. The project can be implemented without changing the traditional course sequencing, which enhances faculty buy-in. It is part of a larger movement to reform engineering education by teaching students to: contribute in a dynamic, team-oriented professional environ.ent, use advanced critical thinking skills, use computers proficiently, and communicate effectively to other engineers and to the public. Sooner City is in its 5th year at the OU School of Civil engineering and environ.ental sci.nce (CEES). Five CEES classes per semester, freshman through senior, have incorporated design projects for a virtual city. Projects have ranged from concrete footings for virtual office buildings to floodplain analysis and bridge crossing design. This paper presents key results from two important tools used to evaluate the success of the Sooner City project: questionnaires completed every semester by students in Sooner City courses, and interviews of the professors of these courses. Responses indicate that the project is realizing stated objectives.

关键词： Project management

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A survey of authentic teaching in secondary math and sci.nce classrooms

A survey of authentic teaching in secondary math and science...

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2003 ASEE Annual Conference and Exposition: Staying in Tune with engineering Education

作者： Fry, Tamy L. Rhoads, Teri Reed Nanny, Mark O'Hair, Mary John University of Oklahoma School of Industrial Engineering Sch. of Civ. Eng. and Environ. Sci. Ctr. for Educ. and Community Renewal College of Engineering University of Oklahoma Department of Industrial Engineering

The Authentic Teaching Alliance (ATA) is a project funded through the National sci.nce Foundation GK-12 program in which University of Oklahoma Fellows from engineering and education disci.lines team with local teachers to design, implement, and assess authentic, inquiry-based activities to teach secondary sci.nce and mathematics. This paper discusses the adaptation and implementation of an instrument to survey the students' sci.nce and math classroom experiences and to assess whether the ATA activities had a measurable effect on the students' desire to learn. The search for a validated instrument to serve our needs led to a survey developed in the Netherlands by Roelofs and Terwel (1997)1. The survey was modified to elicit information about the existing state of the sci.nce and math classroom environ.ent as perceived by the teachers and the students. Pre-post implementation was utilized to help us evaluate the success of the project by comparing responses before and after implementation of the ATA activities.

关键词： engineering education

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Competitive adsorption of Pb2+, Cu2+ and Cd 2+ ions from aqueous solutions by multiwalled carbon nanotubes

Competitive adsorption of Pb2+, Cu2+ and Cd 2+ ions from aqu...

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作者： Li, Yan-Hui Ding, Jun Luan, Zhaokun Di, Zechao Zhu, Yuefeng Xu, Cailu Wu, Dehai Wei, Bingqing Department of Mechanical Engineering Stt. Key Lab. Automot. Safety/Ener. Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China Stt. Key Lab. Environ. Aquatic Chem. Res. Ctr. for Eco-Environ. Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100085 China Dept. of Mat. Sci. and Engineering Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute Troy NY 12180 United States

The individual and competitive adsorption capacities of Pb2+, Cu2+ and Cd2+ by nitric acid treated multiwalled carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were studied. The maximum sorption capacities calculated by applying the Langmuir equation to single ion adsorption isotherms were 97.08 mg/g for Pb2+, 24.49 mg/g for Cu2+ and 10.86 mg/g for Cd2+ at an equilibrium concentration of 10 mg/l. The competitive adsorption studies showed that the affinity order of three metal ions adsorbed by CNTs is Pb2+>Cu2+>Cd2+. The Langmuir adsorption model can represent experimental data of Pb2+ and Cu 2+ well, but does not provide a good fit for Cd2+ adsorption data. The effects of solution pH, ionic strength and CNT dosage on the competitive adsorption of Pb2+, Cu2+ and Cd 2+ ions were investigated. The comparison of CNTs with other adsorbents suggests that CNTs have great potential applications in environ.ental protection regardless of their higher cost at present. © 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： Carbon nanotubes

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A longitudinal study of student persistence in sci.nce, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) at a regional urban university

A longitudinal study of student persistence in science, tech...

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2003 ASEE Annual Conference and Exposition: Staying in Tune with engineering Education

作者： Della-Piana, Connie Kubo Darnell, Ann Bader, Julia Romo, Lilly Rubio, Nohemi Flores, Benjamin Knaust, Helmut Brady, Thomas Swift, Andrew Model Institutions for Excellence University of Texas El Paso Model Inst. Excellence Initiative University of Texas El Paso Statistical Consulting Laboratory University of Texas El Paso Department of Electrical Engineering UTEP NSF Model Institutions Excellence Program Entering Students Prog. Sci./Eng. UTEP Department of Mathematics College of Science University of Texas El Paso Department of Biological Science Ctr. for Environ. Rsrc. Management

In 1995 the National sci.nce Foundation (NSF) funded six minority-serving institutions in an effort to develop models for undergraduate sci.nce, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) education that would increase the persistence, graduation, and success of all undergraduate STEM students;improve the quality of undergraduate STEM programs;and increase the diversity in STEM professions and graduate programs. The University of Texas at El Paso (UTEP), one of the six funded institutions, is located in the southwest corner of Texas bordering Juarez, Mexico and New Mexico. It primarily serves the predominantly Hispanic population of the region. Developed for all entering students in the College of sci.nce and College of engineering, the Circles of Learning for Entering Students (CircLES) program is a comprehensive institutional effort starting with a weeklong STEM summer orientation. CircLES also provides students with disci.line-specific student advising and requires students to participate in one to two semesters of sci.nce or engineering-oriented learning communities, based on their pre-college preparation in Mathematics and English. This paper describes the design and findings of a five-year longitudinal study of student persistence in STEM since implementation of the program. Findings from the study indicate that students who participate in the program have higher retention rates in STEM, as well as at the University, and increased persistence toward graduation when compared to 1997 baseline rates. Similar results are observed when findings are disaggregated by gender, ethnicity, and level of entering mathematics course.

关键词： engineering education

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Erratum: Preface to special section: Remote Sensing of the Earth's environ.ent by Microwave Radiometers and Radar (MARS) (Radio sci.nce (2003) 38: 3 (8046))

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Radio sci.nce 2003年第4期38卷 MAR421页

作者： Westwater, Ed R. Vivekanandan, J. Coop. Inst. Res. in Environ. Sci. Environmental Technology Laboratory University of Colorado/NOAA Boulder CO United States Research Applications Program Atmospheric Technology Division Natl. Ctr. for Atmospheric Research Boulder CO United States

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Choosing geographic units for choropleth rate maps, with an emphasis on public health applications

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Cartography and Geographic Information sci.nce 2003年第3期30卷 237-248页

作者： Boscoe, Francis P. Pickle, Linda W. Geographic Analysis Section Bur. Environ./Occup. Epidemiology New York State Dept. of Health 547 River St. Troy NY 12180 United States Statistical Res./Applications Branch Surveillance Research Program Division of Cancer Control/Pop. Sci. 6116 Executive Blvd. Bethesda MD 20892 United States

Choropleth maps are the most widely used map type for mapping rates, such as those involving disease, crime, and socioeconomic indicators. The essential step of choosing a geographic unit to map is often made in an ad hoc manner. Among the desirable characteristics of choropleth mapping units are high degree of resolution, homogeneity of population size, homogeneity of land area, observation of minimum population thresholds and land area thresholds, temporal stability and currency, compactness of shape, audience familiarity, data availability, and the functional relevance of the unit to the phenomena mapped. Because of the uneven distribution of human populations, no single geographic unit can meet all of these characteristics in practice, and a well designed choropleth map necessarily involves some compromise. We present guidelines for choosing geographic units that take into account the above criteria, considering 12 geographic units ranging from census blocks to states. Even allowing for differences in scale and purpose, some units confer clear advantages over others.

关键词： Maps

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Remote Sensing and Modeling the Dynamics of Soil Moisture and Vegetative Cover of Arid and Semiarid Areas

Remote Sensing and Modeling the Dynamics of Soil Moisture an...

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Ecosystems Dynamics, Agricultural Remote Sensing and Modeling, and Site - Specific Agriculture

作者： Zhan, Xiwu Gao, Wei Qi, Jiaguo Houser, Paul R. Slusser, James R. Pan, Xiaoling Gao, Zhiqiang Ma, Yingjun UMBC-GEST/NASA-GSFC Hydrological Science Branch Code 974.1 Greenbelt MD United States USDA UV-B Monitoring/Res. Program Natural Resource Ecology Laboratory Colorado State University Fort Collins CO United States Department of Geography Ctr. for Global Change/Earth Observ. Michigan State University East Lansing MI United States NASA-GSFC Hydrological Science Branc Code 974 Greenbelt MD United States Coll. of Rsrc./Environ. Sciences Xinjiang University Xinjiang Urumqi China Inst. of Geogr. Sci./Nat. Rsrc. Res. Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China Xinjiang Ctr. of Rsrc./Environment Urumqi China Intl. Ctr. D.A.-R.S.D.A./S.-A.L. Urumqi China

With the large volume of satellite remote sensing data of the earth terrestrial surface becoming available, precisely monitoring the dynamics of the land surface state variables for agricultural and land use management becomes possible. Currently, the moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometers on board NASA's Earth Observing Satellites (EOS) Terra and Aqua make it possible to derive a global coverage of land surface vegetation indices, leaf area index, and surface temperature data products at 1km spatial resolution every day. The advanced microwave scanning radiometers (AMSR) on board Aqua and Japan's ADEOS satellites start sending back a global coverage of rainfall and land surface soil moisture data products at up to 25km spatial resolution every two to three days. It is also well known that these land surface remote sensing products contain uncertainties due to imperfect instrument calibration and inversion algorithms, geophysical noise, representativeness error, communication breakdowns, and other sources while land surface model can continuously simulate these land surface state or storage variables for all time steps and all covered areas. Therefore a combination of satellite remote sensing products and land surface model simulations may provide more continuous, precise and comprehensive depiction of the dynamics of the land surface states. This paper introduces the state-of-the-arts technologies in the development of NASA's Land Data Assimilation System, and then proposes a procedure to combine the simulations of a simple land surface model and the remote sensing products from MODIS and AMSR. After the results of testing the procedure for an arid area in Southwest USA are presented, the application of the procedure for the oases in Fukang County of Xinjiang Autonomous Region is proposed.

关键词： Remote sensing

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